The Development of the Children’s University Awareness Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: Ö3 - Eğitim Bilimlerinde Yeni Yaklaşımlar, 313 - 350
İsmail Satmaz
,
Derya Girgin
Öz
The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure teachers’ awareness of children’s universities. Children’s universities are innovative out-of-school learning environments that provide opportunities for children to engage with science, arts, sports, and culture at an early age, supporting their metacognitive skills and lifelong learning motivation. Although the pedagogical contributions of these institutions are frequently emphasized in the literature, there is a lack of systematic measurement tools to assess teachers’ awareness. The study was designed as quantitative research based on the scale development model. The sample consisted of 472 teachers working in the Marmara Region of Türkiye. Two separate groups were formed for the analyses: 200 teachers for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 272 teachers for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A literature review, expert opinions, and pilot studies were conducted during the development process, leading to the creation of an initial item pool of 36 items. Following content validation and item refinement, the final version of the scale included 22 items. Validity analyses revealed a KMO coefficient of .961 and a significant Bartlett’s test, confirming the suitability of the data for factor analysis. EFA results indicated a three-factor structure (Scientific Interest Awareness, Applied Learning Motivation, and Metacognitive Skills). CFA results supported the construct validity of this structure with acceptable model fit indices (χ²/df=2.029, CFI=.957, RMSEA=.062). Reliability analyses showed high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging between .928 and .936 for the subscales and .964 for the overall scale. In conclusion, the Children’s University Awareness Scale provides a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate teachers’ perceptions of the pedagogical contributions of children’s universities.
Etik Beyan
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Graduate Education Institute Ethics Committee Scientific Research Ethics Committee's decision dated 21.06.2023 and numbered 08/32 regarding your project numbered 2023-YÖNP-0472
Destekleyen Kurum
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
Proje Numarası
Bu çalışma “Dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki Çocuk Üniversitelerinin İncelenmesi” isimli Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri koordinasyon birimi tarafından desteklenen SBA-2019-2871 numaralı projeden üretilmiştir
Teşekkür
We would like to thank the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects coordination unit for their support of the project titled “Analysis of Children's Universities in the World and in Turkey.”
Kaynakça
-
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-
Abdelghani, Rania - Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves - Law, Elizabeth - de Vulpillières, Clément - Sauzéon, Hervé.
“Conversational Agents for Fostering Curiosity-Driven Learning in Children”. International Journal of Human-
Computer Studies 167 (2022): 102887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102887
-
Altun, Tutku Didem. “Bahçenin Ötesinde: Çocuklar İçin Doğayla Bütünleşik Öğrenme Mekânları.” Kentsel ve
Yapılı Çevrede Çocuk Araştırmaları Dergisi (J-CUBE) 1/2 (2025): 36-57.
-
An, Da - Chunfeng Ye - Shiqin Liu. “The Influence of Metacognition on Learning Engagement: The Mediating
Effect of Learning Strategy and Learning Behavior.” Current Psychology 43/40 (2024): 31241-31253.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06400-y.
-
Aral, Neriman - Kadan, Gül. “Çocukların Yer Aldığı Bilimsel Süreç Becerilerine Yönelik Türkiye’de Yapılan
Lisansüstü Tezlerinin İncelenmesi.” Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 22/1 (2022): 436-
464.
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Aral, Neriman, Kartal Metin - Gülleroğlu, Hande Deniz, Aslan, Burcu- Özdoğan Özbal, Esra – Aydos, Sibel Aydos
– Kadan, Gül – Dinçer, Ahmet. “Children’s University: How Does It Make a Difference?” SAGE Open 12/1 (2022):
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Chang, Yu Shan - Wang, Yen-Yin - Ku, Yu-Te. “Influence of Online STEAM Hands-On Learning on AI Learning,
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Çocuk Üniversitesi Farkındalık Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: Ö3 - Eğitim Bilimlerinde Yeni Yaklaşımlar, 313 - 350
İsmail Satmaz
,
Derya Girgin
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin çocuk üniversitelerine yönelik farkındalık düzeylerini geçerli ve güvenilir biçimde ölçebilecek bir ölçek ge-liştirmektir. Çocuk üniversiteleri, çocukların erken yaşta bilim, sanat, spor ve kültürle tanışmalarına imkân tanıyan, üstbilişsel beceri ve yaşam boyu öğrenme motivasyonlarını destekleyen önemli okul dışı öğrenme ortamları-dır. Literatürde bu kurumların pedagojik katkıları sıkça vurgulanmasına rağmen, öğretmen farkındalıklarını sistematik olarak değerlendirecek ölçme araçlarının sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırma, ölçek geliştirme modeli-ne dayalı nicel bir desende yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubunu Türkiye’nin Marmara Bölgesi’nde görev yapan toplam 472 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi (n=200) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (n=272) için iki ayrı örneklem kullanılmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde literatür tarama-sı, uzman görüşleri ve pilot uygulamalar doğrultusunda 36 maddeden olu-şan madde havuzu oluşturulmuş, kapsam geçerliği sağlanmış ve nihai ölçek 22 maddeye indirgenmiştir. Geçerlik analizlerinde KMO katsayısı (.961) ve Bartlett testi anlamlı çıkmış, açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda üç boyutlu yapı (Bilimsel İlgi Farkındalığı, Uygulamalı Öğrenme Motivasyonu, Üstbiliş-sel Beceriler) elde edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, modelin verilerle kabul edilebilir uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur (χ²/df=2.029, CFI=.957, RMSEA=.062). Güvenirlik analizlerinde Cronbach alfa katsayıları alt boyut-larda .928 ile .936 arasında, ölçeğin geneli için .964 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak geliştirilen Çocuk Üniversitesi Farkındalık Ölçeği, öğretmenle-rin çocuk üniversitelerinin pedagojik katkılarına ilişkin algılarını değerlen-dirmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı sunmaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Etik Kurulu Bilimsel Araştırma Etik Kurulu 2023-YÖNP-0472 nolu projeniz ile ilgili Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'nun almış olduğu 21.06.2023 tarih ve 08/32 sayılı kararı
Destekleyen Kurum
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniveristesi
Proje Numarası
Bu çalışma “Dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki Çocuk Üniversitelerinin İncelenmesi” isimli Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri koordinasyon birimi tarafından desteklenen SBA-2019-2871 numaralı projeden üretilmiştir
Teşekkür
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri koordinasyon birimine “Dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki Çocuk Üniversitelerinin İncelenmesi” isimli projeye verdikleri destekten dolayı teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
-
Abdelghani, Rania - Murayama, Kazuo - Kidd, Celeste - Sauzéon, Hervé - Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves. “Investigating Middle School Students’ Question-Asking and Answer-Evaluation Skills When Using ChatGPT for Science Investigation”. arXiv Preprint arXiv:2505.01106 (2025). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.01106
-
Abdelghani, Rania - Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves - Law, Elizabeth - de Vulpillières, Clément - Sauzéon, Hervé.
“Conversational Agents for Fostering Curiosity-Driven Learning in Children”. International Journal of Human-
Computer Studies 167 (2022): 102887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102887
-
Altun, Tutku Didem. “Bahçenin Ötesinde: Çocuklar İçin Doğayla Bütünleşik Öğrenme Mekânları.” Kentsel ve
Yapılı Çevrede Çocuk Araştırmaları Dergisi (J-CUBE) 1/2 (2025): 36-57.
-
An, Da - Chunfeng Ye - Shiqin Liu. “The Influence of Metacognition on Learning Engagement: The Mediating
Effect of Learning Strategy and Learning Behavior.” Current Psychology 43/40 (2024): 31241-31253.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06400-y.
-
Aral, Neriman - Kadan, Gül. “Çocukların Yer Aldığı Bilimsel Süreç Becerilerine Yönelik Türkiye’de Yapılan
Lisansüstü Tezlerinin İncelenmesi.” Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 22/1 (2022): 436-
464.
-
Aral, Neriman, Kartal Metin - Gülleroğlu, Hande Deniz, Aslan, Burcu- Özdoğan Özbal, Esra – Aydos, Sibel Aydos
– Kadan, Gül – Dinçer, Ahmet. “Children’s University: How Does It Make a Difference?” SAGE Open 12/1 (2022):
https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211068514
-
Beier, J. Marshall. “Rights Education and the Children’s University.” Journal of Human Rights 24/4 (2025): 389–
405.
-
Bulut Öngen, Merve – Ersay, Ebru. “Erken Çocuklukta Bilime Yönelik Motivasyonun Ölçülmesi: Bir Uyarlama
Çalışması.” Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 8/1 (2022): 45-61.
-
Büyüköztürk, Şener. Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. 28. bs. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 2022.
-
Byrne, Barbara M. Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming.
3. bs. New York: Routledge, 2016.
-
Chang, Shu-Hsuan - Yang, Lee-Jen - Chen, Ching-Huei - Shih, Chun-Chao - Shu, Yung-Ming - Chen, Ying-
Tsung. “STEM Education in Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis of Its Moderating Effects”. Interactive
Learning Environments 32/6 (2022): 2401-2423. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1855212
-
Chang, Yu Shan - Wang, Yen-Yin - Ku, Yu-Te. “Influence of Online STEAM Hands-On Learning on AI Learning,
Creativity, and Creative Emotions”. Interactive Learning Environments 32/1 (2023): 1-20.
-
Comrey, Andrew L. – Lee, Howard B.. A First Course in Factor Analysis. New York: Psychology Press, 2013.
-
Costello, Anna B. – Osborne, Jason W. “Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four Recommendations
for Getting the Most from Your Analysis.” Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation 10/7 (2005): 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868.
-
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4. bs.
Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2014.
-
Dere, Filiz - Çifçi, Taner. “Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Okul Dışı Öğrenme Ortamlarının Pedagojik Katkılarına
İlişkin Görüşleri.” Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi 11/4 (2022): 681-695.
-
DeVellis, Robert F. - Thorpe, Carolyn T. Scale Development: Theory and Applications. 4. Bs. Los Angeles: SAGE
Publications, 2021.
-
Dinsmore, Daniel L. - Alexander, Patricia A. - Loughlin, Stephanie M. “Focusing the Conceptual Lens on
Metacognition, Self-Regulation, and Self-Regulated Learning”. Educational Psychology Review 20/4 (2008):
391-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-008-9083-6
-
Dix, Katherine L. - Sniedze, Shani - Van Der Zant, Tamara. “Children’s University in Australia and New Zealand:
Reach and Impact.” Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) (2023). https://doi.org/10.37517/978-
1-74286-733-5.
-
Eş, Hüseyin - Öztürk Geren, Nurhan – Bozkurt Altan, Esra. “Science, Art and Sports School at Sinop Children’s
University: Its Effects on Children’s Perceptions.” Turkish Journal of Education 4/4 (2015): 30-44.
-
Eş, Hüseyin - Öztürk Geren, Nurhan. “Öğrenci ve Velilerin Çocuk Üniversitesi Algısı.” Uluslararası Türk Eğitim
Bilimleri Dergisi 2/3 (2014): 94-105.
-
Fabrigar, Leandre R. - Wegener, Duane T. - MacCallum, Robert C. - Strahan, Erin J. “Evaluating the Use of
Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research.” Psychological Methods 4/3 (1999): 272-299.
https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272.
-
Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
-
Hair, Joseph F. - Black, William C. – Babin, Barry J. – Anderson, Rolph E. Multivariate Data Analysis. 8. bs.
Andover: Cengage Learning, 2019.
-
Hausfather, Zeke W. “Vygotsky and Schooling: Creating a Social Context for Learning.” Action in Teacher
Education 18/2 (1996): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.1996.10462828.
-
Hu, Li-Tze - Bentler, Peter M. “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional
Criteria Versus New Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 6/1 (1999): 1-55.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
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