Investigation of Psychological Characteristics of Adolescents and Adults with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (Kyrgyzstan Sample)
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 41 - 57, 16.01.2026
Mehmet Arif Özerbaş
,
Ayturgan Kasymalieva
Öz
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder among adolescents and adults living in Kyrgyzstan. A descriptive screening model was used in the study. The universe of the study consisted of students studying at Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University in the 2023-2024 academic year. The sample consisted of students studying at the same university who would fill out the scale voluntarily. The “Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Scale” developed by Günay et al. (2005) was used. In the analysis of the data, the Independent T-test was used to determine the differences between binary variables from parametric tests, and the One-way ANOVA test was used to determine the differences between more than two variables. The significance level was taken as (p<.05). According to the findings of the study, although the symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder begin in childhood, they continue in adolescents and adults, thus reducing the quality of life. Adolescents and adults do not show a significant difference in the overall scale and all dimensions of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder according to gender, and accordingly, it can be said that adolescents and adults evaluate themselves at similar levels in terms of the overall scale and all dimensions. It has been observed that subjects who use alcohol and substances are a factor in the increase in ADHD symptoms. The effect of the number of siblings on attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder is a complex issue and does not have a fully determined answer. In the study, the significant difference in the attention deficit sub-dimension was in favor of those who applied to the psychiatrist in childhood.
Etik Beyan
During the writing process of the study “Investigation of Psychological Characteristics of Adolescents and Adults with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (Kyrgyzstan Sample)” scientific rules, ethical and citation rules were followed. No falsification was made on the collected data and this study was not sent to any other academic publication medium for evaluation. The necessary ethics committee approvals were obtained at the meeting of the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Kyrgyzstan Turkey Manas University, dated 03/04/2024 and numbered E30640013-100-188525.
Kaynakça
-
Ambrosini, P. J., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the literature.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 1519-1535.
-
Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (2000). Comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(1),
57-87.
-
Alessandri, S. M. (1992). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and social adjustment: A research review.
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 378-390.
-
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).
APA.
-
Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment.
Guilford Press.
-
Brown, T. E., Reichel, P. C., & Shaw, K. (2001). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in women: Diagnosis and
treatment issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(10), 1609-1616.
-
Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Newman, D. L., & Silva, P. A. (1996). Behavioral observations at age 3 years predict adult
psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(11), 1033-1039.
-
Colman, I., & Jones, P. B. (2004). The continuity of psychopathology from childhood to adulthood. European
Psychiatry, 19(8), 487-491.
-
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of
psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(8), 837-844.
-
DuPaul, G. J., McGoey, K. E., Eckert, T. L., & VanBrakle, J. (2001). Preschool children with attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Impairments in behavioral, social, and school functioning. Journal of the
American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(5), 508-515.
-
Ercan, A., & Aydın, S. (1999). DEHB ve ailenin etkisi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 6(2), 55-61.
-
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Mick, E. (2000). The age-dependent decline of attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological Medicine, 30(5), 731-739.
-
Feehan, M., McGee, R., Stanton, W. R., & Silva, P. A. (1993). Continuities in association between hyperactivity
and reading disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26(6), 395-400.
-
Fischer, M., Schaller, M., & Reiss, W. (1993). Alcohol use and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results
from a longitudinal study. Addiction, 88(4), 456-465.
-
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
-
Günay, A., Turgay, A., & Yılmaz, A. (2005). Erişkin dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite ölçeği. Türk Psikiyatri Derneği.
-
Hoffman, M., & DuPaul, G. J. (2000). The effects of gender on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A
review of the literature. Journal of Attention Disorders, 4(2), 116-124.
-
Kaplan, H. I., & Sadock, B. J. (2004). Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (8th ed.). Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
-
Lahey, B. B., Applegate, B., McBurnett, K., Biederman, J., Greenhill, L., Hynd, G. W., Barkley, R. A., Newcorn, J.,
Jensen, P., Richters, J., & Shaffer, D. (1998). DSM-IV field trials for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in
children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(11), 1583-1591.
-
Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., & Moulton, J. L. (1993). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A review of
the literature. Journal of Attention Disorders, 4(2), 125-139.
-
Maughan, B., & Kim-Cohen, J. (2005). Continuities between childhood and adult life. British Journal of
Psychiatry, 187(5), 301-303.
-
Morgan, D. L., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G., & Barrett, K. (2011). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and
interpretation (4th ed.). Routledge.
-
Nelson, J. E., & Israel, R. M. (2003). Substance abuse and ADHD: Etiology and clinical implications. Journal of
Clinical Psychiatry, 64(12), 241-250.
-
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maughan, B. (1999). Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology
between childhood and adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(1), 3-30.
-
Selçuk, S. (2001). Çocukluk dönemi psikiyatrik bozuklukları ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu. Çocuk
ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 8(1), 58-63.
-
Slomkowski, C. H., Klein, R. G., & Mannuzza, S. (1995). Alcohol use disorders and ADHD in adults: A longitudinal
study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(4), 501-506.
-
Steinhausen, H. C., Drechsler, R., Földenyi, M., Đmhof, H., & Brandeis, D. (2003). Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder in adolescence: Clinical aspects, developmental course, and comorbidities. European Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, 12(6), 335-346.
-
Stein, M. A. (2002). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the family: A review of the literature. Journal
of Pediatric Psychology, 27(5), 453-460.
-
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
-
Turgay, A. (1995). Erişkin dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) tanı ve tedavi el kitabı. Kanada
Psikiyatri Enstitüsü.
-
Turgay, A. (1998). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanı ve değerlendirme ölçeği.
-
Ward, M. F., Wender, P. H., & Reimherr, F. W. (1993). The Wender Utah Rating Scale: An aid in the retrospective
diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 885-
890.
-
Weiss, G., & Hechtman, L. (1993). Hyperactive children grown up: ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults.
Guilford Press.
-
Weiss, M., & Hechtman, L. (1986). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A review of the literature.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(5), 280-287.
-
Wender, P. H. (1995). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Oxford University Press.
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 41 - 57, 16.01.2026
Mehmet Arif Özerbaş
,
Ayturgan Kasymalieva
Kaynakça
-
Ambrosini, P. J., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the literature.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 1519-1535.
-
Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (2000). Comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(1),
57-87.
-
Alessandri, S. M. (1992). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and social adjustment: A research review.
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 378-390.
-
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).
APA.
-
Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment.
Guilford Press.
-
Brown, T. E., Reichel, P. C., & Shaw, K. (2001). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in women: Diagnosis and
treatment issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(10), 1609-1616.
-
Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Newman, D. L., & Silva, P. A. (1996). Behavioral observations at age 3 years predict adult
psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(11), 1033-1039.
-
Colman, I., & Jones, P. B. (2004). The continuity of psychopathology from childhood to adulthood. European
Psychiatry, 19(8), 487-491.
-
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of
psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(8), 837-844.
-
DuPaul, G. J., McGoey, K. E., Eckert, T. L., & VanBrakle, J. (2001). Preschool children with attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Impairments in behavioral, social, and school functioning. Journal of the
American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(5), 508-515.
-
Ercan, A., & Aydın, S. (1999). DEHB ve ailenin etkisi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 6(2), 55-61.
-
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Mick, E. (2000). The age-dependent decline of attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological Medicine, 30(5), 731-739.
-
Feehan, M., McGee, R., Stanton, W. R., & Silva, P. A. (1993). Continuities in association between hyperactivity
and reading disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26(6), 395-400.
-
Fischer, M., Schaller, M., & Reiss, W. (1993). Alcohol use and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results
from a longitudinal study. Addiction, 88(4), 456-465.
-
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
-
Günay, A., Turgay, A., & Yılmaz, A. (2005). Erişkin dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite ölçeği. Türk Psikiyatri Derneği.
-
Hoffman, M., & DuPaul, G. J. (2000). The effects of gender on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A
review of the literature. Journal of Attention Disorders, 4(2), 116-124.
-
Kaplan, H. I., & Sadock, B. J. (2004). Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (8th ed.). Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
-
Lahey, B. B., Applegate, B., McBurnett, K., Biederman, J., Greenhill, L., Hynd, G. W., Barkley, R. A., Newcorn, J.,
Jensen, P., Richters, J., & Shaffer, D. (1998). DSM-IV field trials for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in
children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(11), 1583-1591.
-
Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., & Moulton, J. L. (1993). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A review of
the literature. Journal of Attention Disorders, 4(2), 125-139.
-
Maughan, B., & Kim-Cohen, J. (2005). Continuities between childhood and adult life. British Journal of
Psychiatry, 187(5), 301-303.
-
Morgan, D. L., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G., & Barrett, K. (2011). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and
interpretation (4th ed.). Routledge.
-
Nelson, J. E., & Israel, R. M. (2003). Substance abuse and ADHD: Etiology and clinical implications. Journal of
Clinical Psychiatry, 64(12), 241-250.
-
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maughan, B. (1999). Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology
between childhood and adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(1), 3-30.
-
Selçuk, S. (2001). Çocukluk dönemi psikiyatrik bozuklukları ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu. Çocuk
ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 8(1), 58-63.
-
Slomkowski, C. H., Klein, R. G., & Mannuzza, S. (1995). Alcohol use disorders and ADHD in adults: A longitudinal
study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(4), 501-506.
-
Steinhausen, H. C., Drechsler, R., Földenyi, M., Đmhof, H., & Brandeis, D. (2003). Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder in adolescence: Clinical aspects, developmental course, and comorbidities. European Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, 12(6), 335-346.
-
Stein, M. A. (2002). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the family: A review of the literature. Journal
of Pediatric Psychology, 27(5), 453-460.
-
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
-
Turgay, A. (1995). Erişkin dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) tanı ve tedavi el kitabı. Kanada
Psikiyatri Enstitüsü.
-
Turgay, A. (1998). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanı ve değerlendirme ölçeği.
-
Ward, M. F., Wender, P. H., & Reimherr, F. W. (1993). The Wender Utah Rating Scale: An aid in the retrospective
diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 885-
890.
-
Weiss, G., & Hechtman, L. (1993). Hyperactive children grown up: ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults.
Guilford Press.
-
Weiss, M., & Hechtman, L. (1986). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A review of the literature.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(5), 280-287.
-
Wender, P. H. (1995). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Oxford University Press.
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 41 - 57, 16.01.2026
Mehmet Arif Özerbaş
,
Ayturgan Kasymalieva
Kaynakça
-
Ambrosini, P. J., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the literature.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 1519-1535.
-
Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (2000). Comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(1),
57-87.
-
Alessandri, S. M. (1992). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and social adjustment: A research review.
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 378-390.
-
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).
APA.
-
Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment.
Guilford Press.
-
Brown, T. E., Reichel, P. C., & Shaw, K. (2001). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in women: Diagnosis and
treatment issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(10), 1609-1616.
-
Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Newman, D. L., & Silva, P. A. (1996). Behavioral observations at age 3 years predict adult
psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(11), 1033-1039.
-
Colman, I., & Jones, P. B. (2004). The continuity of psychopathology from childhood to adulthood. European
Psychiatry, 19(8), 487-491.
-
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of
psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(8), 837-844.
-
DuPaul, G. J., McGoey, K. E., Eckert, T. L., & VanBrakle, J. (2001). Preschool children with attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Impairments in behavioral, social, and school functioning. Journal of the
American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(5), 508-515.
-
Ercan, A., & Aydın, S. (1999). DEHB ve ailenin etkisi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 6(2), 55-61.
-
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Mick, E. (2000). The age-dependent decline of attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological Medicine, 30(5), 731-739.
-
Feehan, M., McGee, R., Stanton, W. R., & Silva, P. A. (1993). Continuities in association between hyperactivity
and reading disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26(6), 395-400.
-
Fischer, M., Schaller, M., & Reiss, W. (1993). Alcohol use and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results
from a longitudinal study. Addiction, 88(4), 456-465.
-
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
-
Günay, A., Turgay, A., & Yılmaz, A. (2005). Erişkin dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite ölçeği. Türk Psikiyatri Derneği.
-
Hoffman, M., & DuPaul, G. J. (2000). The effects of gender on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A
review of the literature. Journal of Attention Disorders, 4(2), 116-124.
-
Kaplan, H. I., & Sadock, B. J. (2004). Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (8th ed.). Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
-
Lahey, B. B., Applegate, B., McBurnett, K., Biederman, J., Greenhill, L., Hynd, G. W., Barkley, R. A., Newcorn, J.,
Jensen, P., Richters, J., & Shaffer, D. (1998). DSM-IV field trials for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in
children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(11), 1583-1591.
-
Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., & Moulton, J. L. (1993). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A review of
the literature. Journal of Attention Disorders, 4(2), 125-139.
-
Maughan, B., & Kim-Cohen, J. (2005). Continuities between childhood and adult life. British Journal of
Psychiatry, 187(5), 301-303.
-
Morgan, D. L., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G., & Barrett, K. (2011). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and
interpretation (4th ed.). Routledge.
-
Nelson, J. E., & Israel, R. M. (2003). Substance abuse and ADHD: Etiology and clinical implications. Journal of
Clinical Psychiatry, 64(12), 241-250.
-
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maughan, B. (1999). Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology
between childhood and adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(1), 3-30.
-
Selçuk, S. (2001). Çocukluk dönemi psikiyatrik bozuklukları ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu. Çocuk
ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 8(1), 58-63.
-
Slomkowski, C. H., Klein, R. G., & Mannuzza, S. (1995). Alcohol use disorders and ADHD in adults: A longitudinal
study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(4), 501-506.
-
Steinhausen, H. C., Drechsler, R., Földenyi, M., Đmhof, H., & Brandeis, D. (2003). Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder in adolescence: Clinical aspects, developmental course, and comorbidities. European Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, 12(6), 335-346.
-
Stein, M. A. (2002). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the family: A review of the literature. Journal
of Pediatric Psychology, 27(5), 453-460.
-
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
-
Turgay, A. (1995). Erişkin dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) tanı ve tedavi el kitabı. Kanada
Psikiyatri Enstitüsü.
-
Turgay, A. (1998). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanı ve değerlendirme ölçeği.
-
Ward, M. F., Wender, P. H., & Reimherr, F. W. (1993). The Wender Utah Rating Scale: An aid in the retrospective
diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 885-
890.
-
Weiss, G., & Hechtman, L. (1993). Hyperactive children grown up: ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults.
Guilford Press.
-
Weiss, M., & Hechtman, L. (1986). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A review of the literature.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(5), 280-287.
-
Wender, P. H. (1995). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Oxford University Press.
Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Ergen ve Yetişkinlerin Psikolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi (Kırgızistan Örneği)
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 41 - 57, 16.01.2026
Mehmet Arif Özerbaş
,
Ayturgan Kasymalieva
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kırgızistan’da yaşayan ergen ve yetişkinler arasında dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu görülme düzeylerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada betimsel nitelikle tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kırgızistan – Türkiye Manas Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Örneklemini ise, yine aynı üniversitede öğrenim gören ve gönüllü olarak ölçeği dolduracak öğrenler oluşturmuştur. Günay ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirien (2005) “Erişkinlerde dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde parametrik testlerden ikili değişkenler arasındaki farkların belirlenmesinde Bağımsız T-testi, ikiden fazla değişkenler arasındaki farkların belirlenmesinde Tek yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi (p<.05) olarak alınmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğunun semtomları çocukluk döneminde başlanmasına rağmen ergenler ve yetişkinlerde de devam ettiği için yaşam kalitesini düşürdüğü görülmüştür. Ergen ve yetişkinlerinler dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu cinsiyet değişkinine göre ölçeğin geneli ve bütün boyutlarında anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir, buna göre ergen ve yetişkinler ölçeğin geneli ve bütün boyutlardaki özellikler açısından birbirlerine yakın düzeyde kendilerini değerlendirdikleri söylenebilir. Alkol-madde kullanan deneklerin DEHBnın semtomlarının yükselmesine etken olduğu görülmüştür. Kardeş sayısının dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu üzerindeki etkisi karmaşık bir konudur ve tam olarak belirlenmiş bir yanıtı yoktur. Araştırmada dikkat eksikliği alt boyutundaki anlamlı farklılık çocukluk döneminde psikiyatrik başvurusu olanlar lehine çıkmıştır.
Etik Beyan
“Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Ergen ve Yetişkinlerin Psikolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi (Kırgızistan Örneği)” başlıklı çalışmanın yazım sürecinde bilimsel kurallara, etik ve alıntı kurallarına uyulmuş; toplanan veriler üzerinde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmamış ve bu çalışma herhangi başka bir akademik yayın ortamına değerlendirme için gönderilmemiştir. Gerekli olan etik kurul izinleri Kırgızistan Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’nun 03/04/2024 tarih ve E30640013-100-188525 sayılı toplantısında alınmıştır.
Kaynakça
-
Ambrosini, P. J., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the literature.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 1519-1535.
-
Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (2000). Comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(1),
57-87.
-
Alessandri, S. M. (1992). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and social adjustment: A research review.
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 378-390.
-
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).
APA.
-
Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment.
Guilford Press.
-
Brown, T. E., Reichel, P. C., & Shaw, K. (2001). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in women: Diagnosis and
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