Şanlıurfa ve Osmaniye illerinde yetişen farklı yer fıstığı çeşitlerinde tohum patojeni fungal hastalık etmenlerinin yaygınlığı, morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Osmaniye ve Şanlıurfa illerinde yetiştirilen beş farklı yer fıstığı (Arachis hypogaea L.) çeşidinin (Masal, NC-7, Efsane, Ayşehanım ve ÇOM) tohumlarında görülen fungal hastalık etmenlerinin yaygınlığı ile morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyonları araştırılmıştır. Hastalık belirtileri gösteren kapsüllerden 130 farklı fungal izolat elde edilmiştir. Hasta kapsüllerden yapılan izolasyon ve tanılama çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre, en yaygın hastalık etmeni Aspergillus niger olup, bu türü sırasıyla Rhizopus stolonifer, Sclerotinia rolfsii, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae ve Fusarium equiseti izlemiştir. Yapılan patojenite testlerinde tüm fungal izolatlar fıstık kapsüllerinde tipik hastalık belirtilerine neden olmuştur. Masal ve NC-7 çeşitlerinde daha yüksek hastalık çıkışı bu çeşitlerin fungal patojenlere daha fazla duyarlılığa işaret ederken, Ayşehanım ve ÇOM çeşitlerinde hastalık oranlarının daha düşük olması, bu çeşitlerin hastalıklara karşı muhtemelen tolerant olabileceğini göstermiştir. Osmaniye ili yerfıstığı örneklerinden Şanlıurfa’ya göre daha fazla fungal izolat elde edilmiş olması bu bölgede hastalık baskısının daha yüksek olduğunu yansıtmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Aspergillus spp ile Rhizopus stolonifer’in yerfıstığının depolanması sırasında önemli rol oynadığını vurgulamaktadır. Yer fıstığı üretiminin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için uygun depolama koşulları ve dayanıklı çeşitlerin seçimi büyük önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yer fıstığı
• Tohum patojenleri
• Fungal hastalık
• Moleküler karakterizasyon

Prevalence, morphological and molecular characterization of fungal seed pathogens in different peanut cultivars grown in Şanlıurfa and Osmaniye provinces of Türkiye

Öz

This study investigated the prevalence and morphological/molecular characterization of fungal pathogens in pods of five peanut cultivars (Masal, NC-7, Efsane, Ayşehanım, ÇOM) cultivated in Osmaniye and Şanlıurfa provinces. From symptomatic pods, 130 fungal isolates were obtained. According to the findings obtained from isolation and identification studies, the most prevalent pathogen was identified Aspergillus niger, followed by Rhizopus stolonifer, Sclerotinia rolfsii,Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae, and Fusarium equiseti. Following pathogenicity tests, all fungal isolates caused typical disease symptoms in peanut pods. Higher disease incidence in Masal and NC-7 suggests greater susceptibility, while lower rates in Ayşehanım and ÇOM may suggest possible resistance to fungal diseases. The greater number of isolates from Osmaniye than Şanlıurfa reflects higher disease pressure in that region. The findings highlight the significant role of Aspergillus spp. And R. Stolonifer during storage. Appropriate storage conditions and the selection of resistant varieties are of great importance for ensuring the sustainability of peanut production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Peanut
• Seed-borne pathogens
• Fungal disease
• Molecular characterization

Kaynakça

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