Mühendisliğin STEM Eğitimine Entegrasyonunda Kuramsal Bir İnceleme

Öz

STEM eğitimi, farklı disiplinlerin bütünleştirilerek öğretimini konu alır. Bu bakış açısındaki temel düşünce, gerçek yaşamda STEM kavram ve becerilerinin bütünsel olarak bulunmasına karşın bunların okul derslerinde birbirinden ayrı olarak kazandırılmaya çalışılmasıdır. STEM eğitiminin öncelikli hedefleri arasında yer alan 21. yüzyıl yeterliklerinin öğrencilere kazandırılması ve bu yeterliklerin transfer edilebilirliğinin desteklenmesi açısından mühendislik özel bir öneme sahiptir. Mühendislik, problem çözme odaklı bir yapıya sahip olma, mühendislik tasarımı ile etkili öğretim yöntemlerinin uygulanmasına olanak sağlama ve öğrencilerin kendi deneyimleri ile öğrenmeleri için öğrenme ortamı oluşturma gibi özel nitelikleri bünyesinde barındırır. Ancak, bu noktada karşılaşılan temel sorun STEM eğitiminde etkili bir mühendislik entegrasyonunun nasıl gerçekleştirileceğidir. Bu bağlamda, araştırmanın amacı STEM eğitimi bakış açısı ile alanyazın incelemesi temelinde mühendisliğin doğasını ortaya koymak ve STEM eğitiminde etkili bir mühendislik entegrasyonunun nasıl gerçekleştirileceğini kuramsal olarak incelemektir. Araştırma sonuçları mühendisliğin STEM eğitimine entegrasyonunda en kabul gören yaklaşımın öğrenme ortamlarına mühendislik tasarımının aktarılması olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçları, öğretim süreçlerinde mühendislikle ilgili temel kavram, beceri ve uygulamalara vurgu yapılmasının entegrasyonun niteliğini artırabileceğini ve bu tür bir entegrasyonun Türkiye bağlamında öğrenme çıktılarını destekleyebileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• STEM eğitimi
• mühendislik
• mühendislik entegrasyonu
• mühendislik tasarım süreci

A Theoretical Review of Engineering Integration in STEM Education

Öz

STEM education is concerned with the teaching of various disciplines in an integrative way. The basic idea in this perspective, although the STEM concepts and skills holistically exist in the real-world, they are tried to be acquired separately in school lessons. Engineering has particular importance for the acquisition of 21st-century competencies to students and supporting the transferability of these competencies which are priority aims of STEM education. Engineering incorporates specific features such as having a problem solving-focused structure, enabling the implementation of effective teaching methods with engineering design, and creating a learning environment for students to learn with their own experience. However, the main problem faced at this point is how to achieve an effective engineering integration in STEM education. In this context, with the STEM education perspective, the aim of the research is to reveal the nature of engineering based on the literature review and to examine how to achieve an effective engineering integration in STEM education theoretically. The research results revealed that the most accepted approach in the integration of engineering into STEM education is the transfer of engineering design to learning environments. Besides, the research results showed that emphasizing the basic concepts, skills, and practices related to engineering in teaching processes might increase the quality of integration and this type of integration can support the learning outcomes in the context of Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• STEM education
• engineering
• engineering integration
• engineering design process

Kaynakça

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