A Qualitative Study of the Antecedents and Consequences of Cognitive Failures

Öz

Cognitive failures evaluated as a significant component which led to detrimental outcomes in both social and work life of individuals. Therefore, it is considered as an important to determine the consequences and antecedents of cognitive failures. Within the scope of the research, it is aimed to present the antecedents and consequences of cognitive failures in the managers working at a university within the framework of a model. Th aim of the research; interviews were conducted with 24 managers through a semi-structured questionnaire The data obtained from the interviews were coded and categorized using the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program. In the light of the analysis results, the antecedents of cognitive failures as in managers were determined as three themes within the framework of research. However, the consequences of cognitive failures seen in managers are classified under three main themes as "individual", "organizational" and "environmental consequences".

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zihinsel Kayıplar
• Bilişsel Hata
• Unutkanlık

Zihinsel Kayıpların Öncülleri ve Ardılları Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Zihinsel kayıplar bireylerin iş ve sosyal yaşamlarında olumsuz çıktılar oluşturan bir unsur olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Zihinsel kayıpların sonuçlarının ve bu kayıplara neden olan faktörlerin belirlenmesinin önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu kapsamda araştırmada bir üniversitede görev yapan yöneticilerde zihinsel kayıpların öncüllerinin ve sonuçlarının bir model çerçevesinde sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma amacı doğrultusunda 24 yönetici ile yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu aracılığıyla mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mülakatlardan elde edilen veriler MAXQDA nitel veri analizi programı kullanılarak kodlanmış ve kategorize edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları çerçevesinde yöneticilerin karşılaştığı zihinsel kayıplara yol açan nedenler üç ana tema çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte yöneticilerin karşı karşıya kaldığı zihinsel kayıpların sonuçları ise “bireysel”, “örgütsel” ve “çevresel” sonuçlar olmak üzere üç ana tema kapsamında sınıflandırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zihinsel Kayıplar
• Bilişsel Hata
• Unutkanlık

Kaynakça

1. Abbasi, M., Zakerian, A., Mehri, A., Poursadeghiyan, M., Dinarvand, N., Akbarzadeh, A., & Ebrahimi, M. H. (2017), “Investigation into Effects Of Work-Related Quality Of Life And Some Related Factors On Cognitive Failures Among Nurses”, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 23(3), 386-392.
2. Abdel-Aal Ibrahim, K. A. (2022). “The Relative Contribution of Psychological Flow and Resilience in Anticipating the Cognitive Failure of Elementary School Students”, Education Research International.
3. Allahyari, T., Rangi, N. H., Khalkhali, H., & Khosravi, Y. (2014), “Occupational Cognitive Failures and Safety Performance in The Workplace”, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 20(1), 175-180.
4. Allahyari, T., Saraji, G. N., Adi, J., Hosseini, M., Iravani, M., Younesian, M., & Kass, S. J. (2008), “Cognitive Failures, Driving Errors and Driving Accidents”, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 14(2), 149-158.
5. Aschwanden, D., Sutin, A. R., Luchetti, M., Allemand, M., Stephan, Y., & Terracciano, A. (2020), “A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of The Association Between Personality and Cognitive Failures/Complaints”, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14(11), 1-24.
6. Baş, T. ve Akturan, U. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Bilgisayar Destekli Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 3. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
7. Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. F., FitzGerald, P., & Parkes, K. R. (1982), “The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) And Its Correlates”, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(1), 1-16.
8. Bruce, A. S., Ray, W. J., & Carlson, R. A. (2007), “Understanding Cognitive Failures: What's Dissociation Got to Do with It?”, The American Journal of Psychology, 553-563.

9. Carrigan, N., & Barkus, E. (2016), “A Systematic Review of Cognitive Failures in Daily Life: Healthy Populations”, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 63, 29-42.
10. Deng, S., Peng, R. & Pan, Y. (2022), “A Cognitive Failure Model of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behavior”, Advances in Civil Engineering, 1-9.
11. Dickman, S. J. (1990). “Functional and Dysfunctional Impulsivity: Personality and Cognitive Correlates”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(1), 95-102.
12. Di Fabio, A. (2006), “Decisional Procrastination Correlates: Personality Traits, Self-Esteem or Perception of Cognitive Failure?”, Int J Educ Vocational Guide, 6, 109-122.
13. Di Fabio, A. & Palazzeschi, L. (2013), “Incremental Variance in Indecisiveness Due to Cognitive Failure Compared to Fluid Intelligence and Personality Traits”, Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 261-265.
14. Heineck, G. & Anger, S. (2010), “The Returns to Cognitive Abilities and Personality Traits in Germany”, Labour Economics, 17, 535-546.
15. Iwasa, H., Yoshida, Y., Ishioka, Y. & Suzukamo, Y. (2022), “Association of Personality with Cognitive Failure among Japanese Middle-Aged and Older Adults”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 1-9.
16. Kanten, P., Gümüştekin, G., & Durmaz, M. G. (2018), “Öfke Yönetimini Etkileyen Öncüller: Hemşireler Üzerinde Nitel Bir Araştırma”, 6. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 2(3).
17. Könen, T., & Karbach, J. (2020), “Self-reported Cognitive Failures in Everyday Life: A Closer Look at Their Relation to Personality and Cognitive Performance”, Assessment, 27(5), 982-995.
18. Kumareswaran, S., Muhadi, U., Farhan, A. & Sathasivam, J. (2023). “Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and Cognitive Failures among Employees”, European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 16-22.
19. Leeson, P., Ciarrochi, J. & Heaven, P. C. L. (2008), “Cognitive Ability, Personality, And Academic Performance in Adolescence”, Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 630-635.
20. Niranjan, S., Gabaldon, J., Hawkins, T. G., Gupta, V. K., & McBride, M. (2022), “The Influence of Personality and Cognitive Failures on Distracted Driving Behaviors Among Young Adults”, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 84, 313-329.
21. Özdevecioğlu, M., Karaca, Ö. G. M., Demirtaş, Ö., & Bayram, A. G. A. (2013), “Mesleki Stres ve Tükenmişliğin Zihinsel Kayıplar (Cogitive Failure) Üzerindeki Etkisi”, 1. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi (15-16 Kasım 2013 Sakarya), 7-15.
22. Payne, T. W., & Schnapp, M. A. (2014), “The Relationship Between Negative Affect and Reported Cognitive Failures”, Depression Research and Treatment, 2014.
23. Petitta, L., Probst, T. M., Ghezzi, V., & Barbaranelli, C. (2019), “Cognitive Failures in Response to Emotional Contagion: Their Effects on Workplace Accidents”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 125, 165-173.
24. Polatcı, S., & Yılmaz, H. (2021), “Bilişsel Kayıplarımızın Sebebini Arayış: Psikolojik Sermaye ve Çalışma Hayatı Kalitesinin Bilişsel Kayıplara Etkisi”, Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(22), 47-68.
25. Reason, J. (Ed.). (1990), Human Error, New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
26. Reason, J. T. (1977), “Skill and Error in Everyday Life”, (ed. M. Howe), Adult Learning. London: Wiley.
27. Reason, J. T. (1979), “Actions Not as Planned: The Price of Automatisation”, (eds. G. Underwood & R. Stevens), Aspects of Consciousness. London: Academic Press.
28. Sullivan, B., & Payne, T. W. (2007), “Affective Disorders and Cognitive Failures: A Comparison of Seasonal and Nonseasonal Depression”, American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(11), 1663-1667.
29. Sutin, A. R., Aschwanden, D., Stephan, Y., & Terracciano, A. (2020), “Five Factor Model Personality Traits and Subjective Cognitive Failures”, Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109741.
30. Van Doorn, R. R., Lang, J. W., & Weijters, T. (2010), “Self-reported Cognitive Failures: A Core Self-Evaluation?”, Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7), 717-722.
31. Wallace, J. C. (2004), “Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire: Evidence for Dimensionality and Construct Validity”, Personality and Individual Differences, 37(2), 307-324.
32. Wallace, J. C., & Chen, G. (2005), “Development and Validation of a Work‐Specific Measure of Cognitive Failure: Implications for Occupational Safety”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(4), 615-632.
33. Wallace, J. C., Kass, S. J., & Stanny, C. J. (2002), “The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire Revisited: Dimensions and Correlates”, The Journal of General Psychology, 129(3), 238-256.