Bu
çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul 8. Sınıf fen bilimleri öğretim programında yer alan
“elektrik yükleri ve elektriklenme” konusunun öğretimine ilişkin “araştırma
sorgulama” yaklaşımına yönelik basit araç gereçlerle uygulanabilir bir deney
etkinliği tasarlayarak öğretmenlerin kullanımına sunmak ve bu deney etkinliği
hakkında öğretmenlerin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla araştırma-sorgulama
yaklaşımına uygun bir ders etkinlik planı hazırlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma
yaklaşımı kullanılan bu araştırmada, olgubilim (fenomoloji) deseninden
yararlanılmıştır. Bu amaçla yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları hazırlanmıştır.
Veri toplama aracının geçerliliği için, alanında uzman 2 öğretim üyesi ve 3
öğretmenin görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Araştırmaya 16 Fen Bilimleri öğretmeni
katılmıştır. Katılımcılar “maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi” temel alınarak
seçildi. Öncelikle, basit araç gereçlerle hazırlanan deney videosu öğretmenlere
izletildi. Daha sonra öğretmenlere deney hakkında hazırlanan mülakat soruları
yöneltildi. Ses kayıt cihazı ile yapılan görüşmeler kaydedildi ve yazıya
geçirildi. Ses kaydı alınmasını istemeyen öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmeler
araştırmacı tarafından not alınarak yazıya geçirildi. Verilerin analizinde
NVİVO 9.0 programından yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi sonucu 6 tane önemli tema ortaya
çıkmıştır. Bunlar; deneyin yapılmama nedenleri, deneyin özelliği, deneyin
uygulanabilirliği, deneyin derse etkisi, deneyin kişiye etkisi, deneyin
bilimsel süreç becerilerine etkisidir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre öğretmenler,
malzemelerin temin edilmesinde hiçbir sıkıntı yaşanmayacağını, deneyin basit,
ilgi çekici ve kolay bulunan malzemeler gibi özelliklerinin olduğunu, deneyin
bireysel, iki kişi ile ya da grup halinde uygulanabilir olduğunu, konuyu
somutlaştırdığını, derse olan ilgiyi artırdığını ve bazı bilimsel süreç
becerilerine olumlu yönde etkisinin olduğunu belirttiler. Bu sonuçlara bağlı
olarak bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Fizik öğretimi elektriklenme basit araç gereç fen deney etkinliği
Laboratory
studies in science teaching are of great importance in terms of creating an
effective and permanent learning environment. Linking the laboratory studies
with everyday life can provide a more meaningful structure of the learned
information. The science curriculum contains similar topics in the curriculum
all over the world. However, there are differences in practice. One reason for
these differences is that the various materials and experiments required for
teaching are not the same. Primary school is one of the basic subjects taught
in all levels of the electrical, science and physics education included in the
science curriculum from the 3rd grade level. Related to the electrical charges
and electrification, which are the basis of electricity, students begin to gain
experience starting from young ages. It can be said that the experiments conducted
under teacher guideline which are easily found in most environments are
interesting and easily understood by the students. One of these experiments is the
"electric flying balloon" experiment, in which the
"electric/physical phenomena in our lives" unit of the 8th class is
made possible by simple tools.
The purpose of this research is to design a practical
experimental activity for the use of teachers and to obtain the opinions of
teachers about this experimental activity by means of simple tools. The research was carried out using inquiry
approach related to the teaching of electrical charges and electrification for
the 8th grade science curriculum of secondary school. For this purpose, an
activity plan and a video were planned for the teachers to use in the
classroom.
In this research using the qualitative research
approach, we have used the pattern of phenomenology that we frequently
encounter in our daily lives but not have knowledge in-depth or investigation
cases, events or experiences that we have not thought much about before. For
this purpose, a semi-structured interview method was used. 16 science teachers
participated in the research. Participants were selected on the basis of
"maximum diversity sampling" among teachers of different ages,
seniority and different cities. The names of the teachers were kept
confidential and the teachers were given the code from F1 to F16.
Semi-structured interview forms were prepared as data collection tools. For the
validity of the data collection tool, 2 faculty members and 3 teachers have
been applied. For the reliability of the data collection tool, the findings
were presented without comment, and the researchers agreed on the coding of the
data and accordingly the creation of themes. The teachers watched the video of
the experiment prepared by using simple tools and then interview questions were
asked. The interview data was recorded with the voice recorder and transcripted.
The interviews with the teachers who did not desire their voices recorded were
taken into consideration by the researcher. NVIVO 9.0 program was used for
analyzing the data. In the analysis of the data, "content analysis"
method was used. The process performed in this analysis is to arrange and
interpret the similar data in a way that the reader can understand them by
putting them together based on certain concepts and themes. In this research,
"Content analysis" was conducted designed in line with the
qualitative research approach. Content analysis has revealed 6 important
themes. These are; the reasons for not doing the experiment, the nature of the
experiment, the applicability of the experiment, the effect of the experiment,
the effect of the experiment on the student and the effect of the experiment on
scientific process skills.
According to the results of the research, almost all
science teachers have not practiced the flying nylon experiment in their
lessons before. The reason they put forward is that they have no idea about the
experiment, they do not want to waste their time and similar activities haven't
been introduced to them beforehand.
Teachers expressed that flying nylon is a simple, interesting,
remarkable, entertaining, different, amazing and cheap experiment. According to
the teachers' opinion, the flying nylon experiment can be done individually,
with a pair or more than 2 people. Flying nylon has been designed to be
interesting and to increase motivation, to enrich the subject, to increase
active participation, to provide a positive attitude towards the lesson, and to
make the lesson enjoyable. According to
the teachers, the influence of the Flying nylon experiment was determined to
improve the scientific process ability, to increase the research inquiry
ability, to improve the creativity, to increase the thinking ability and to
increase the psychomotor ability. According to the teachers, the effect of the
flying nylon experiment on the scientific process skills was determined as
experiment, deduction, observation and hypothesis.
Some suggestions can be presented based on the results
of the research. Flying nylon experiment activity can be used by science
teachers during the processing of the relevant topic. In-service courses can be
organized to encourage science teachers to use this experiment with simple
tools. Guidance can be provided by the teachers to make the students practice
the experiment individually or with the group.
Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
---|---|
Bölüm | Tüm Alanlar |
Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Haziran 2018 |
Kabul Tarihi | 18 Ocak 2018 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1 |