ELİT BİSİKLETÇİ VE TRİATLONCULARDA ANTRENMAN SEZONUNDA FİZİKSEL PERFORMANS PARAMETRELERİYLE AŞIRI YÜKLENMENİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Bu araştırma, dayanıklılık sporu yapan bisikletçi ve triatletlerde antrenman sezonu süresince yapılan fiziksel performans test parametreleriyle aşırı yüklenme belirtilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, bisikletçi (n=9) ve triatloncu (n=10) olmak üzere düzenli antrenman yapan toplam 19 sporcu katılmıştır. Sporcular antrenman sezonu içinde 8 haftalık periyodlarla 10 km zamana karşı maksimal bisiklet testi ve kademeli artan maksimal bisiklet testleri yapılarak takip edilmiştir. Veriler bilgisayar ortamında tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. 10 km zamana karşı yapılan bisiklet testi sonucunda, bisikletçilerde maksimal nabız sezon sonu değeri anlamlı olmasa da düşmüş, ancak triatletlerde bu düşüş anlamlı düzeyde olmuştur (p=0,02). Maksimal hız, ortalama hız ve maksimal watt bisikletçilerde sezon sonunda artmıştır (p=,03, p=0,01, p=0,03, sırasıyla). Bu parametreler, triatloncularda anlamlı düzeyde değişmemiştir. Maksimal bisiklet testi değerlendirmesinde maksimal nabız, aerobik güç, göreceli hesaplanan maksimal watt her iki grup sporcu için sezon içinde anlamlı değişiklik göstermemiştir. Göreceli hesaplanan maksimal oksijen tüketimi (VO₂max) triatletlerde anlamlı olmasa da sezon sonu değeri düşmüştür. Sonuç olarak, performans gelişimini 10 km zamana karşı bisiklet testi, kademeli artan maksimal bisiklet testine göre daha iyi gösterdi. Dolayısıyla, 10 km zamana karşı bisiklet testi performans değerlendirmesinde daha faydalı sonuçlar verebilir. Maksimal kalp atım sayısı ve göreceli hesaplanan VO₂max sezon sonu değerleri triatletlerde düşmüştür, bu durum fonksiyonel aşırı yüklenmeye işaret edebilir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aşırı yüklenme,Dayanıklılık,performans testleri

EVALUATION OF OVERREACHING BY PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF ELITE CYCLIST AND TRIATHLETES IN TRAINING SEASON

Öz

In this study, we aimed to evaluate overreaching symptoms by physical performance test parameters of cyclist and triathletes in training season. Elite cyclist (n=9) and triathletes (n=10) participated in the study. The physical performance parameters were followed during the training session of the athletes. Athletes performed incremental maximal cycling test and 10 km time trial test every 8 weeks during the training season. The data were evaluated by using descriptive statistics on computer. As a result of the 10 km time trial test, maximal heart rate of the cyclist decreased, although end of the season value was not significant; however it was significantly decreased in the triathletes (p=0.02). Maximal speed, average speed and maximal watt were found to increase in cyclists at the end of the season (p=0.03, p=0.01, p=0.03, respectively).These parameters were not found to change significantly in triathletes. In the incremental maximal cycle test, parameters of the maximal heart rate, aerobic power, and relative maximal watt were not significantly different during the season for both athlete groups. In triathletes, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) was decreased at the end of the season, although not significantly. In conclusion, this study results indicated that the 10 km time trial performance test results showed better performance improvement than the incremental maximal performance cycling test. Therefore, 10 km time trial test may give more useful results than the incremental maximal performance cycling test. The maximal heart rate and VO₂ max level were found to decrease at the end of the season in triathletes; and this may indicate functional overreaching of the athletes. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endurance,Overreaching,Performance tests

Kaynakça

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