Okul-Temelli Önleme: Etkili Okul-Temelli Önleme Programlarının Özellikleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 73 - 94, 29.06.2019

Aslı Uz Baş

Öz

Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinin temel işlevlerinden biri olan önleme, genel olarak tüm popülasyonu hedef alan, gelecekteki sorunların görülme olasılığını azaltmayı ve ruh sağlığını geliştirmeyi amaçlayan hizmetlere işaret etmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, okul-temelli önleme çalışmalarının rehberlik hizmetleri içerisindeki yerini ve başlıca amaçlarını ortaya koymak ve etkili önleme programlarının ortak özelliklerini değerlendirmektir. Bütün okul yaklaşımını esas alan, yeterli uzunluk ve kapsama sahip olan, sosyo-kültürel ve gelişimsel özelliklere duyarlı ve teori temelli olan, öğretmen eğitimine yer veren, farklı öğretim yöntemlerini kullanan, amaç ve hedefleri açıkça belirlenmiş olan ve olumlu stratejileri kullanan önleme programlarının etkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu değerlendirmeler ışığında okul psikolojik danışmanlarına yönelik doğurgular tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

önleme, okul-temelli, okul psikolojik danışmanı, program

School-Based Prevention: Characteristics of Effective School-Based Prevention Programs

Öz

Prevention as one of the major functions of guidance and school counseling refers to services designed to reduce the future incidence of problems in currently normal populations as well as efforts directed at the promotion of mental health functioning. The aim of this review study is to address the role of prevention in guidance and counseling area, to present primary goals of preventive services, and to investigate basic principles of effective school-based preventive programs. It is concluded that the prevention programs which are based on whole-school approach, being sensitive to socio-cultural and developmental characteristics, having sufficient dosage, addressing teacher training, using various teaching methods, having clear goals and objectives and using positive strategies are effective. In the light of these principles, implications for school counseling were discussed, and some recommendations for school counselors were offered.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Prevention, school-based, school counselors, program

Kaynakça

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