Atenolol tayini için nafion ve çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp kaplı camsı karbon elektrot kullanılarak ultra hassas yöntem geliştirilmesi

Öz

Atenolol (Şekil 1), hipertansiyon tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan β-bloker grubunu oluşturan antihipertansif ilaçtır. Bu çalışmada; Tansiyon tedavisinde kullanılan Tensinör ilacının redoks özellikleri, modifiye camsı karbon elektrot ve bu modifiye elektrot üzerine karbon nano tüp kaplanarak hazırlanmış elektrotlarda incelenmiştir. Nafion kaplı çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp (MWCNT/NGCE) elektrot yanıtı ile Nafion kaplı camsı karbon elektrot (NGCE) ve sadece camsı karbon elektrot (GCE) yüzeylerinin elektrot yanıtlarının destek elektroliti, pH, ve tarama hızı üzerine etkilerini araştırmak için Çevrimsel voltametri (CV) ve Diferansiyel puls voltametri (DPV) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Atenolol (ATN) Britton-Robinson (BR) tampon çözeltisinde (pH 7.0) 1.11 V (vsAg/AgCl (3.0 mol L-1 KC1) civarında gözlenmiştir. Voltametrik yöntem, optimum analitik deney koşulları altında, 3x10-5 µM -9x10-2 mM konsantrasyon aralığında lineer tepki göstermiştir. Britton-Robinson (BR) (pH=7) tamponundaki Tensinör belirme sınırı sonuçları, sırasıyla 7.67 x 10-5 mM ve 2.5x10-4 mM olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca çalışmada ilaçların hazırlanmasında kullanılan yardımcı maddeler ile girişim etkisi deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve olumsuz bir etkiye rastlanmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevrimsel voltametri,Atenolol,Karbon nano tüp

Development of an ultra-sensitive method using nafion and multi-walled carbon nanotube coated glassy carbon electrode for atenolol determination

Abstract

Atenolol (Scheme 1) is antihypertensive drug that form β-blocker group, which widely used in the treatment of hypertension In this study, the redox properties of the Tensinor drug used in blood pressure treatment were examined on modified glassy carbon electrode and the electrodes prepared by coating carbon nanotubes on this modified electrode. In order to investigate the effects of nafion coated multi-walled glass nanotube (MWCNT / NGCE) electrode response and nafion coated glassy carbon electrode (NGCE) and electrode responses of only glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surfaces on the support electrolyte, pH and scan rate, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods were used. Atenolol (ATN) was observed in the Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solution (pH 7.0) thereabouts 1.11 V (vsAg / AgCl (3.0 mol L-1 KCl). Voltammetric method reacted linear at a concentration range between 3x10-5 μM and 9x10-2 μM under optimum analytical experimental conditions. The results of Tensinor's limit of detection on the Britton-Robinson (BR) (pH=7) buffer were found to be 7.67 x 10-5 mM and 2.5 x 10-4 mM, respectively. Additionally, in the study, interference effects experiments were performed with auxiliary substances used in the preparation of medicines and no negative effect was observed.

Keywords

• Cyclic voltammetry,Atenolol,Carbon nano tube

Kaynakça

1. Sudha T, Krishana KV, Nukala PCS, Saloman RT, Ganesan V. “Method development and validation”. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research, 2(3), 146-176, 2012.
2. Wang J. Analytical Electrochemistry, New Jersey, USA,Wiley-VCH Pub. 2006.
3. Gupta, VK, Jain R, Radhapyari K, Jadon N, Agarwal S. “Voltammetric techniques for the assay of pharmaceuticals”. Analytical Biochemistry, 408(2), 179-196, 2011.
4. Andrieux CP, Audebert P, Divisia-Blohorn B, Aldebert P, Michalak F. “Electrochemistry in Hydrophobic Nafion Gels”. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 296(1), 117-139, 1990.
5. Svancara I, Vytras K, Kalcher K, Walcarius A, Wang J. “Carbon paste electrodes in facts, numbers, and notes: a review on the occasion of the 50-years jubilee of carbon paste in electrochemistry and electroanalysis”. Electroanalysis, 21(1), 7-28, 2009.
6. Guo S, Wu X, Zhou J, Wang J, Yang B, Ye B. “MWNT/Nafion composite modified glassy carbon electrode as the voltammetric sensors for sensitive determination of 8-hydroxyquinoline in cosmetic”. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 655(1), 45-49, 2011.
7. Xie X, Gan T, Sun D, Wu K. “Application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/nafion composite film in electrochemical determination of Pb+2”. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 16(2), 103-113, 2008.
8. Huang KJ, Liu X, Xie WZ, Yuan HX. “Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of norfloxacin at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi walled carbon nanotubes/Nafion”. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 64(2), 269-274, 2008.

9. Iijima S. “Carbon nanotubes: past, present, and future”. Physica B: Condensed Matter. 323(1-4), 1-5, 2002.
10. Tanaka K, Yamabe T, Fukui K. “The Science and Technology of Carbon Nanotubes”. Elsevier. 1999.
11. Trojanowicz M. “Analytical applications of carbon nanotubes: A review”. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 25(5), 480-89, 2006.
12. Kazici HC, Salman F, Caglar A, Kivrak H, Aktas N. “Synthesis, characterization, and voltammetric hydrogen peroxide sensing on novel monometallic (Ag, Co/MWCNT) and bimetallic (AgCo/MWCNT) alloy nanoparticles”. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 26 (3), 145-151, 2018.
13. Kannel WB. “Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: prevention and treatment”. JAMA, 275(20), 1571-1576, 1996.
14. Ritter JM. “Nebivolol: Endothelium-Mediated Vasodilating Effect”. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 38(3), 13-16, 2001.
15. Winkler H, Ried W, Lemmer B. “High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of the aryloxypropanolamines propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol in plasma and tissue”. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 228, 223-234, 1982.
16. Khataee A, Lotfi R, Hasanzadeh A, Iranifam M, Joo SW. “Flow-injection chemiluminescence analysis for sensitive determination of atenolol using cadmium sulfide quantum dots”. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 157, 88-95, 2016.
17. Amiri M, Amali E, Nematollahzadeh A. “Poly-dopamine thin film for voltammetric sensing of atenolol”. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 216, 551-557, 2015.
18. Wilson MJ, Ballard KD, Walle T. “Preparative resolution of the enantiomers of the β-blocking drug atenolol by chiral derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography”. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 431, 222-227, 1988.
19. Eaga CM, Somagoni JM, Maddi SR, Reddy S, Yamsani MR. “New chiral reverse phase hplc method for determination of atenolol enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 4(1), 22-26, 2010.
20. Angier MK, Lewis RJ, Chaturvedi AK, Canfield DV. “Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Differentiation of Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol, and an Interfering Metabolite Product of Metoprolol”. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 29(6), 517-521, 2005.
21. Shadjou N, Hasanzadeh M, Saghatforoush L, Mehdizadeh R, Jouybanb A. “Electrochemical behavior of atenolol, carvedilol and propranolol on copper-oxide nanoparticles”. Electrochimica Acta, 58, 336- 347, 2011.
22. Rajendra NG, Sudhanshu PS. “Voltammetric determination of atenolol at C60-modified glassy carbon electrodes”, Talanta, 69(4), 932-937, 2006.
23. Mohamed K, Ahmed AK, Farouk AR, Gamal AS, Hanaa MAW, Craig EB. “Simultaneous voltammetric determination of antihypertensive drugs nifedipine and atenolol utilizing MgO nanoplatelet modified screen-printed electrodes in pharmaceuticals and human fluids”. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 252, 1045-1054, 2017.
24. Rieger PH. Electrochemistry. 2nd ed. USA, Chapman & Hall, 1993
25. Kazici HC, Salman F, Kivrak HD. “Synthesis of Pd–Ni/C bimetallic materials and their application in non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection”, Materials Science-Poland, 35 (3), 660-666, 2017.
26. Cervini P, Ramos LA, Cavalheiro ETG. “Determination of atenolol at a graphite-polyurethane composite electrode”. Talanta, 72(1), 206-209, 2007.
27. Arvand M, Vaziri M, Vejdani M. “Electrochemical study of atenolol at a carbon paste electrode modified with mordenite type zeolite”. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 30(5), 709-714, 2010.
28. Goyal RN, Gupta VK, Oyama M, Bachheti N. “Differential pulse voltammetric determination of atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations and urine using nanogold modified indium tin oxide electrode”. Electrochemistry Communications, 8(1), 65-70, 2006.