Biogas potential of the black sea region from kitchen waste

Abstract

Today, energy demand has become one of the important problems. The rapid growth of the world population and the development of the industry have increased the need for energy. The vast majority of the world's energy needs come from natural energy sources. But the limited availability of these energy sources has led people to search for renewable energy sources. One of these renewable energy sources is biogas energy. Biogas is a gas mixture of organic substances formed by anaerobic microorganisms under anaerobic conditions at certain temperature conditions. It is flammable due to the presence of methane (CH4) gas in average 65% by volume in the biogas. Other gases outside the methane in the biogas are undesirable gases. Biogas purified from unwanted gasses is the natural gas used today. Biogas production gains importance in terms of disposal of organic materials. Black Sea Region in our country, due to the disadvantage of the geographical location and the lack of settlements has been very difficult to store the landfill. Biogas production in the Black Sea Region is gaining importance in terms of eliminating these wastes and obtaining energy. In this study, biogas potential of kitchen wastes of provinces in Black Sea Region was determined. The highest biogas potential of the Black Sea Region was found to be 51 163.20 m3 / day in Samsun province. The biogas potential of the kitchen wastes in the Black Sea Region was 296 015.18 m3/day.

Keywords

• Biogas potential
• Blacksea region
• Kitchen wastes

Kaynakça

1. [1] Ardıç İ. Investigation of the Effects of Thermal, Chemical and Thermochemical Pretreatments on the Biogas Production Efficiency from Chicken Manure. MSc Thesis, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey, 2003.
2. [2] Kobya M. Biogas Production from Cattle Manure and Design of a Biogas Facility for Erzurum Conditions. MSc Thesis, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey, 1992.
3. [3] Avcioğlu O, Türker U. “Status and potential of biogas energy from animal wastes in Turkey”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 1557-1561, 2012.
4. [4] Liu C, Huan Li, Zhang Y, Liu C. “Improve biogas production from low-organic-content sludge through high-solids anaerobic co-digestion with food waste”. Bioresource Technology, 219, 252-260, 2016.
5. [5] Moukazis I, Pellera F.M, Gidarakos E. “Slaughterhouse by-products treatment using anaerobic digestion”. Waste Management, 71, 652-662, 2018.
6. [6] Şenol H, Elibol EA, Açıkel Ü, Şenol M. “Major organic waste sources in Ankara for biogas production”. BEU Journal of Science, 6(2), 15-28, 2017.
7. [7] Ware A, Power N. “Biogas from cattle slaughterhouse waste: Energy recovery towards an energy self-sufficient industry in Ireland”. Renewable Energy, 97, 541-549, 2016.
8. [8] Haak L, Roy R, Pagilla K. “Toxicity and biogas production potential of refinery waste sludge for anaerobic digestion”. Chemosphere, 144, 1170-1176, 2015.

9. [9] Çağlayan GH, Koçer NN. ‘’Evaluation of the potential of livestock breeding in the city of Muş for the research of biogas production’’. Mus Alparslan University Science Journal, 2(1), 215-220, 2014.
10. [10] Moukazis I, Pellera FM, Gidarakos E. “Slaughterhouse by-products treatment using anaerobic digestion”. Waste Management, 71, 652-662, 2018.
11. [11] Bayrak EH. Investigating the Effects of Pretreatment in the Conversion of Wet Sludge From Urban Sources and/or Fruit Juice Wastewater Treatment Plants Into Biogas, Phd Thesis, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey, 2014.
12. [12] Afacan H. Determination of Working Conditions of a Biogas Plant with Small Scale Continuous Feeding, Master's Thesis, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey, 2008.
13. [13] Alçiçek A, Demiruluş H. “Use of farm fertilizers in biogas technology”. Ecology Environment journal, 13, 5-9, 1994.
14. [14] Jingquing Y, Dong L, Yongming S, Guohui W, Zhenhong Y, Feng Z, Yao W. “Improved biogas production from rice straw by co-digestion it kitchen and pig manure”. Waste Management, 33, 2653-2658, 2013.
15. [15] T.C. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. “Biogas”. http://www.yegm.gov.tr/yenilenebilir/biyogaz.aspx (05.02.2018).
16. [16] Solera R, Romero LI, Sales D. “ The evolution of biomass in a two-phase anaerobic treatment process during start-up”. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 16(1), 25-29, 2002.
17. [17] Stuckey D.C. “The effect of heat and additives on anaerobic digestion in developing countries”. International Biogas Conference, Ankara, Turkey, 23-26 November, 1981.
18. [18] Pullammanappallil PC, Chynoweth DP, Lyberatos G, Svoronos S.A. “Stable performance of anaerobic digestion in the presence of a high concentration of propionic acid”. Bioresource Technology, 78(2), 165-169, 2001.
19. [19] İlkılıç CH, Deviren H. “Formation of Biogas and Purification Methods of Biogas”. 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS’11), Elazığ, Turkey, 16-18 May 2011.
20. [20] Li L, Kiran E. “Interaction of supercritical fluids with lignocellulosic materials”. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 27 (7), 1301-1312, 1988.
21. [21] Wikandari R, Nguyen H, Millati R, Niklasson C, Taherzadeh MJ. “Improvement of biogas production from orange peel waste by leaching of limonene”. Biomed Research International, 15, 1-6, 2015.
22. [22] Singh R, Shukla A, Tiwari S, Srivastava M. “A review on delignification of lignocellulosic biomass for enhancement of ethanol production potential”. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviev, 32, 713-728, 2014.
23. [23] Göğüş A.Y. “İşte Biyogaz”. Journal of Heat Science and Technology, 9(4), 42-44, 1986.
24. [24] Hendriks ATWM, Zeeman G. “Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass”. Bioresource Technology, 100(1), 10-18, 2009.
25. [25] Dino IG, Akgül CM. “Impact of climate change on the existing residential building stock in Turkey: An analysis on energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and occupant comfort”. Renewable Energy, 141, 828-846, 2019.
26. [26] Koçar G, Eryaşar A, Ersöz Ö, Arıcı Ş, Durmuş A. Biyogaz Technologies, 2nd ed. İzmir, Turkey, Ege University Press, 2010.
27. [27] Kaygusuz K. “Renewable and sustainable energy use in Turkey: a review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 6(4), 339-66, 2002.
28. [28] Ozer B. “Biogas energy opportunity of Ardahan city of Turkey”. Energy, 139(1), 1144-1152, 2017.
29. [29] Ozcan M, Oztürk S, Oguz Y. “Potential evaluation of biomass-based energy sources for Turkey”. Engineering Science and Technology, 18(1), 178-184. 2015.
30. [30] Erdil A, Erbıyık H. “Renewable energy sources of Turkey and assessment of sustainability”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 669-679, 2015.
31. [31] Ozturk M, Yuksel YE. “Energy structure of Turkey for sustainable development”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 1259-1272, 2016.
32. [32] Salihoglu G, Salihoglu NK, Ucaroglu S. Banar M. “Food loss and waste management in Turkey”. Bioresource Technology, 248, 88-99, 2018.
33. [33] Şenol H. “Biogas potential of hazelnut shells and hazelnut wastes in Giresun City”. Biotechnology Reports, 24, 1-6, 2019.
34. [34] Karaca C, Gurdil G. Biogas Production Potential from Animal Manure in Samsun Province of Turkey, Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 50(2), 135-140, 2019.
35. [35] Göktaş H, Kocabey S, Özdemir Z. “Investigation of biogas energy potential in Kırklareli province”. 8th International Ege Energy Syposium, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, 11-13 May 2016.
36. [36] Öztürk B, Kilickan A. “Determination of biogas potential of Aydın province, scientific papers-series”. Agronomy, 59, 531-536, 2016.
37. [37] Kitchen Waste. “Mutfak Atıklarından Biyogaz”. https://www.google.com.tr/search?q=mutfak+at%C4%B1klar%C4%B1ndan+biyogaz&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRx-vXkYjUAhVFIpoKHZniBwMQsAQIUQ#imgrc=ZD-nItl8Ppol-M, (15.04.2018).
38. [38] T.C. Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. “Türkiye’de Atıklardan Enerji Üretimi ve Biyogaz”. http://www.tarimsal.com/makaleler/Turkiye_Atiklardan_Enerji_uretimi_ve_biyogaz.htm (15.03.2018).
39. [39] Chu H, Hosen Y, Yagi K. “NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes in winter barley field of Japanese Andisol as affected by N fertilizer management”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39, 330-9. 2007.
40. [40] Biogas yields. “Solea Energy”. http://www.soleaenerji.com/biyogaz-verimi/ (15.03.2018).
41. [41] Aybek A, Üçok S, Bilgili ME, Ali İspir M. “Determination of biogas energy potential of some agricultural wastes in kahramanmaraş province”. The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 29(2), 25-37. 2015.
42. [42] Agrahari RP, Tiwari GN. ‘’The production of biogas using kitchen waste’’. International Journal of Energy Science, 3(6), 408-15, 2013.
43. [43] Li Y, Jin Y, Jinhui Li, Li H, Yu Z, Nie Y. “Effects of thermal pretreatment on degradation kinetics of organics during kitchen waste anaerobic digestion”. Energy, 118, 377- 386, 2017.
44. [44] TMMOB Makine Mühendislieri Odası. “Türkiye’nin Enerji Görünümü”. http://www1.mmo.org.tr/resimler/dosya_ekler/c37b2dc6484b7db_ek.pdf, (09.12.2019).
45. [45] Deng L, Liu Y, Zheng D, Wang L, Pu X, Song L, Wang Z, Lei Y, Chen Z, Long Y. “Application and development of biogas technology for the treatment of waste in China”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 1(70), 845-851, 2017.
46. [46] Eryaşar A. Design, Manufacture, Trial Run and Investigation of Parameters Impacting its Performance of a Biogas System for Rural Use. Phd Thesis. Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, 2007.
47. [47] Energy Institute. “How is the Electricity Bill Calculated?” http://enerjienstitusu.de/elektrik-fiyatlari/ (15.10.2019).
48. [48] Toklu E, Güney MS, Omaklı O, Kaygusuz K. “Energy production, consumption, plocies and recent developments in Turkey”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(11), 72-86. 2010.
49. [49] Özyurt O. “Energy issues and renewables for sustainable development in Turkey”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(29), 76-85, 2010.