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When the pleural fluid appears in an unexpected color: a bilothorax case

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 20 - 20
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1487005

Öz

Bilothorax, or cholethorax, is a rare cause of exudative pleural effusion characterized by the presence of bile in the pleural space. Recognizing this condition is essential to prevent severe complications such as empyema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This report presents a 70-year-old male patient who developed right-sided bilothorax following multiple biliary tract interventions. The patient presented with symptoms of jaundice, fever, and abdominal pain. Clinical and radiological evaluations revealed right-sided pleural effusion, and thoracentesis yielded dark yellow-green fluid. The diagnosis of bilothorax was confirmed by a pleural fluid/serum total bilirubin ratio >1.0. Early intervention was performed using a cystofix to drain the pleural fluid. However, despite all interventions, the sepsis condition could not be controlled, and the patient unfortunately passed away. Bilothorax is generally associated with hepatobiliary procedures and is mostly observed on the right side due to anatomical proximity. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients with relevant clinical histories and characteristic pleural fluid appearance. Rapid thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis are crucial for diagnosis. Treatment typically involves pleural drainage and early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In conclusion, bilothorax is a life-threatening condition requiring urgent diagnosis and intervention. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this rare condition and the necessity for early aggressive management in patients with a history of hepatobiliary procedures.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Addas R, Alsabban A, Fallatah A, Binaqeel A, Bafageeh S, Bawazir A. Bilothorax a rare incidence in thoracic surgery: case report and literature review. Open J Thorac Surg 2021;11:76-82. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojts.2021.113010 2. Ravikumar DB, Sivasubramanian BP, Dominic Savio FV, Gunendran T, Shekar SP. A green surprise: bilateral bilious pleural effusion secondary to esophageal rupture—a case report. Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 2024;12. https://doi.org/10.1177/23247096241231634
  • 3. Saraya T, Light RW, Sakuma S, et al. A new diagnostic approach for bilious pleural effusion. Respiratory Investigation 2016;54:364-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2016.03.009
  • 4. Çoşğun İ, Kıter G, Karabulut N, Türk F, Altun M, Evyapan F. A rare cause of pleural effusion: biliopleural fistula. Solunum 2013;15:194-197. https://doi.org/10.5152/solunum.2013.039
  • 5. Reddy VD, Al Khateeb A, Hussain M, Patel V, et al. Case Report: kryptonite—A rare case of left-sided bilothorax in a sickle cell patient". Case Rep Pulmonol 2019;2019:8658343. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8658343
  • 6. Temitope O, Nathan S. Bilothorax: a rare complication of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis. ACG Case Reports Journal 2024;11:p e01326. https://doi.org/10.14309/crj.0000000000001326
  • 7. Shah K, Ravikumar N, Uddin QK, McGee W, Farmer MJS. Bilateral bilothorax: an unusual cause of bilateral exudative pleural effusion. Cureus 2019;11:e5185. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5185
  • 8. Briones Gómez A, Sánchez Samblancat M, Bekki A. A rare presentation of bilothorax. Archivos de Bronconeumología 2023;59:447-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2023.03.023
  • 9. Basu S, Bhadani S, Shukla VK. A dangerous pleural effusion. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2010;92:53-54. https://doi.org/10.1308/147870810X12699662980637
  • 10. Shen TC, Chen CH, Lai HC, et al. Risk of empyema in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. Liver Int 2017;37:862-870. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13330
  • 11. Arvaniti V, D'Amico G, Fede G, et al. Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. Gastroenterology 2010;139:1246-1256.e5. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.019
  • 12. Cooper AZ, Gupta A, Odom SR. Conservative management of a bilothorax resulting from blunt hepatic trauma. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;93:2043-2044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.11.024
  • 13. Austin A, Fox N, Huggins JT, Chopra, A. The green pleural effusion: a comprehensive review of the bilothorax with case series. The Official Journal of the International Society of Pleural Diseases. Pleura 2017;4:21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.034

Plevra sıvısının beklenmedik renkte görünmesi: bilotoraks olgusu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 20 - 20
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1487005

Öz

Bilotoraks, plevral boşlukta safra varlığı ile karakterize, eksüdatif plevral efüzyonun nadir bir nedenidir. Bu durumun tanınması ampiyem ve akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu gibi ciddi komplikasyonları önlemek için önemlidir. Bu raporda, birçok safra yolu müdahalesi sonrasında sağ taraflı bilotoraks gelişen 70 yaşındaki bir erkek hasta sunulmaktadır. Hasta sarılık, ateş ve karın ağrısı şikayetleri ile başvurdu. Klinik ve radyolojik değerlendirme ile sağ taraflı plevral efüzyon görüldü ve torasentez ile koyu sarı-yeşil sıvı elde edildi plevral mayii/serum total bilirubin oranının >1,0 olması ile bilotoraks tanısı konuldu. Erken müdehale ie sistofix ile plevral mayi drenajı sağlandı. Ancak tüm müdehalelere rağmen sepsis tablosunun önüne geçilemeyerek hastamız kaybedildi. Bilotoraks, genellikle hepatobiliyer prosedürlerle ilişkilidir ve anatomik yakınlık nedeniyle çoğunlukla sağ tarafta görülür. Tanı, özellikle ilgili klinik öykülere ve karakteristik plevral sıvı görünümüne sahip hastalarda yüksek şüphe gerektirir. Tanı için hızlı torasentez ve plevral sıvı analizi kritik öneme sahiptir. Tedavi genellikle plevral drenaj ve geniş spektrumlu antibiyotiklerin erken uygulanmasını içerir. Sonuç olarak Bilotoraks, acil tanı ve müdahale gerektiren hayatı tehdit eden bir durumdur. Bu olgu, ilgili hepatobiliyer öyküye sahip hastalarda bu nadir durumu tanımanın ve erken agresif yönetimin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Addas R, Alsabban A, Fallatah A, Binaqeel A, Bafageeh S, Bawazir A. Bilothorax a rare incidence in thoracic surgery: case report and literature review. Open J Thorac Surg 2021;11:76-82. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojts.2021.113010 2. Ravikumar DB, Sivasubramanian BP, Dominic Savio FV, Gunendran T, Shekar SP. A green surprise: bilateral bilious pleural effusion secondary to esophageal rupture—a case report. Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 2024;12. https://doi.org/10.1177/23247096241231634
  • 3. Saraya T, Light RW, Sakuma S, et al. A new diagnostic approach for bilious pleural effusion. Respiratory Investigation 2016;54:364-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2016.03.009
  • 4. Çoşğun İ, Kıter G, Karabulut N, Türk F, Altun M, Evyapan F. A rare cause of pleural effusion: biliopleural fistula. Solunum 2013;15:194-197. https://doi.org/10.5152/solunum.2013.039
  • 5. Reddy VD, Al Khateeb A, Hussain M, Patel V, et al. Case Report: kryptonite—A rare case of left-sided bilothorax in a sickle cell patient". Case Rep Pulmonol 2019;2019:8658343. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8658343
  • 6. Temitope O, Nathan S. Bilothorax: a rare complication of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis. ACG Case Reports Journal 2024;11:p e01326. https://doi.org/10.14309/crj.0000000000001326
  • 7. Shah K, Ravikumar N, Uddin QK, McGee W, Farmer MJS. Bilateral bilothorax: an unusual cause of bilateral exudative pleural effusion. Cureus 2019;11:e5185. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5185
  • 8. Briones Gómez A, Sánchez Samblancat M, Bekki A. A rare presentation of bilothorax. Archivos de Bronconeumología 2023;59:447-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2023.03.023
  • 9. Basu S, Bhadani S, Shukla VK. A dangerous pleural effusion. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2010;92:53-54. https://doi.org/10.1308/147870810X12699662980637
  • 10. Shen TC, Chen CH, Lai HC, et al. Risk of empyema in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. Liver Int 2017;37:862-870. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13330
  • 11. Arvaniti V, D'Amico G, Fede G, et al. Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. Gastroenterology 2010;139:1246-1256.e5. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.019
  • 12. Cooper AZ, Gupta A, Odom SR. Conservative management of a bilothorax resulting from blunt hepatic trauma. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;93:2043-2044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.11.024
  • 13. Austin A, Fox N, Huggins JT, Chopra, A. The green pleural effusion: a comprehensive review of the bilothorax with case series. The Official Journal of the International Society of Pleural Diseases. Pleura 2017;4:21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.034
Toplam 12 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Olgu Sunumu
Yazarlar

Nilüfer Yiğit 0000-0002-5871-6461

Ali Rıza Kük 0009-0004-4215-8807

Kamil Fatih Türker 0000-0003-3884-9475

Göksel Altınışık Ergur 0000-0001-6869-1301

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Yiğit N, Kük AR, Türker KF, Altınışık Ergur G. When the pleural fluid appears in an unexpected color: a bilothorax case. Pam Tıp Derg. Temmuz 2024;18(1):20-20. doi:10.31362/patd.1487005
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