Teachers’ Views on Charismatic Leadership, Trust in the Leader and Emotional Labor: Trabzon Province Case

Yıl 2024, , 164 - 186, 15.05.2024

Gamze Tuti , Murat Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1314078

Cited By: 1

Öz

This research aimed to examine the relationship between charismatic leadership, emotional labor and trust in the leader, according to teacher views. The sample of the research consists of 522 teachers working in public primary, secondary and high schools in all districts of Trabzon province in the 2020-2021 academic year. The data were collected using the Emotional Labor Scale, Conger-Kanungo Charismatic Leadership Scale and Trust in Leader Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression. According to the research findings, significant relationships were found between charismatic leadership, trust in the leader and sub-dimensions of emotional labor. Additionally, according to hierarchical regression analysis, charismatic leadership and trust in the leader were found to be significant predictors of the sub-dimensions of emotional labor. The results obtained were discussed in the context of charismatic leadership, emotional labor and trust in leader variables, and suggestions were made for policymakers, practitioners and researchers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

charismatic leadership, emotional labor, trust in leader, teacher

Karizmatik Liderlik, Lidere Güven ve Duygusal Emeğe Yönelik Öğretmen Görüşleri: Trabzon İli Örneği

Öz

Bu araştırmada öğretmen görüşlerine göre karizmatik liderlik, duygusal emek ve lidere güven arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Trabzon ili tüm ilçelerindeki resmi ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan 522 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, Duygusal Emek Ölçeği, Conger-Kanungo Karizmatik Liderlik Ölçeği ve Lidere Güven Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanılmıştır. Veriler Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı ve hiyerarşik regresyon ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre karizmatik liderlik, lidere güven ve duygusal emeğin alt boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca hiyerarşik regresyon analizine göre de karizmatik liderlik ve lidere güvenin duygusal emeğin alt boyutlarının anlamlı olarak yordayıcısı olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar karizmatik liderlik, duygusal emek ve lidere güven değişkenleri bağlamında tartışılmış ve politika yapıcılarına, uygulayıcılara ve araştırmacılara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

karizmatik liderlik, duygusal emek, lidere güven, öğretmen.

Kaynakça

• Adıgüzel, İ. (2016). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetimi becerileri ile tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki [Master’s thesis, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University]. National Dissertation Center. https://openaccess.ahievran.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12513/876.
• Akhter, S. (2016). The impact of emotional labor on employee performance with moderating role of supervisory support [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• Akbaş, A., & Bostancı, A. B. (2019). The relationships between teachers’ perception of organisational politics and emotional labour level. Uşak University Journal of Educational Research, 5(3), 44-63.
• Aykanat, Z. (2010). An application on the relationship between charismatic leadership and organizational culture [Master thesis, Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey University]. National Dissertation Center. https://dosya.kmu.edu.tr/sbe/userfiles/file/tezler/kamuyonetimi/zaferaykanat.pdf
• Bakar, H. (2018). Examining the emotional labor behavior and subjective well-being levels of high school teachers and the relationships between them: The example of Kastamonu province [Doctoral thesis, Kastamonu University]. National Dissertation Center. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/101110
• Basım, H. N., & Beğenirbaş, M. (2012). Emotional labor in work life: A scale adaptation study. Management and Economics: Celal Bayar University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 19(1), 77-90.
• Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 207.
• Beğenirbaş, M., & Meydan, C. H. (2012). The effects of emotional labor on organizational citizenship behavior: A study in the public sector. Journal of Gazi University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 14(3), 159-181.
• Beğenirbaş, M., & Turgut, E. (2014). The effects of employee's emotional labor and perception of trust in the organization on ensuring job performance. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 16(3), 131-149.
• Beğenirbaş, M., & Yalçın, R. C. (2020). Are service employees’ job satisfaction and performance affected by perception of leadership? servant leadership sample. Science Journal of Turkish Military Academy, 30(1), 25-49.
• Bektaş, F., Kılınç, A. Ç., & Gümüş, S. (2022). The effects of distributed leadership on teacher professional learning: mediating roles of teacher trust in principal and teacher motivation. Educational Studies, 48(5), 602-624.
• Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., & Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 270-283.
• Bulut, M. Ş. (2012). Investigating the effect of leader-member interaction on trust in the manager and job satisfaction: A research on teachers [Master's thesis, Yeditepe University]. National Dissertation Center. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/342644
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2014). Scientific Research Methods. Pegem Academy.
• Cankal, D. F. (2020). The antecedents of emotional labor: Psychological well-being, leader member exchange and work engagement [Master's thesis, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University]. National Dissertation Center. https://openaccess.izu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12436/2372
• Cemaloğlu, N., & Kılınç, A. Ç. (2012). The relationship between school principals’ ethical leadership behaviors and teachers’ perceived organizational trust and mobbing. Education and Science, 37(165), 137-151.
• Ceyanes, J. W. (2004). An analysis between teacher trust in the principal and teacher burnout as identified by teachers in selected Texas public schools. [Doctoral dissertation,Texas A&M University].
• Cheung, F., Tang, C. S. K., & Tang, S. (2011). Psychological capital as a moderator between emotional labor, burnout, and job satisfaction among school teachers in China. International Journal of Stress Management, 18(4), 348.
• Conger, J. A. (1985). Charismatic leadership in business: An exploratory study. Harvard University.
• Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1994). Charismatic leadership in organizations: Perceived behavioral attributes and their measurement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(5), 439-452.
• Çarıkçı, E. (2018). The relationship between levels of usage emotional intelligence competencies in school setting of school principals and emotional labor and conflict resolution strategies (Bilecik City Sample) [Master's thesis, Gazi University]. National Dissertation Center.
• Çelik, O. V. (2011). The effects of coaches’ charismatic leadership characteristics on team cohesion according to basketball players [Doctoral thesis, Anadolu University]. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/328668
• Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Multivariate statistics for the social sciences: Applications of SPSS and LISREL (Vol. 2). Ankara : Pegem Academy.
• Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H., & Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of vocational behavior, 66(2), 339-357.
• Doğan, H. (2019). The relationships between administrator roles, their influencing tactics and teachers’ trust in their administrators [Doctoral thesis, Pamukkale University]. National Dissertation Center. https://gcris.pau.edu.tr/handle/11499/26496
• Ertürk, A., Kara, S. B. K., & Güneş, D. Z. (2016). Emotional labor and psychological well-being: Perception of administrative support as a predictor. Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Education Journal, 16(4), 1723-1744.
• Eryılmaz Ballı, F. (2018). Prediction level of school principals' charismatic leadership behaviours on organizational silence at schools according to teacher perceptions [Doctoral thesis, Yıldız Teknik University]. National Dissertation Center. http://dspace.yildiz.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/1/12707
• Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGram-Hill Publishing.
• Gaan, N. (2012). Collaborative tools and virtual team effectiveness: An inductively derived approach in India's software sector. Decision, 39(1), 5-27.
• Gelderen, B. R., Bakker, A. B., Konijn, E. A., & Demerouti, E. (2011). Daily suppression of discrete emotions during the work of police service workers and criminal investigation officers. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping: An International Journal, 24(5), 515–537.
• Gürer, A. & Çiftçi, G. E. (2019). The effect of paternalistic leadership perception on emotional labor: A field research. 23rd International Turkish Cooperative Congress, Kiev. 285-303.
• Hargreaves, A. (1998). The emotional practice of teaching. Teaching and teacher education, 14(8): 833–854.
• Hochschild, A. (1983). Comment on kemper's" social constructionist and positivist approaches to the sociology of emotions". In: University of Chicago Press.
• House, R. J. (1977). A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership (Ed. J. G. Hunt and L.L. Larson). Leadership: The cutting edge. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
• Howell, D. C. (1992). Statistical methods for psychology. PWS-Kent Publishing Co.
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
• Huggins, K. A., White, D. W., & Stahl, J. (2016). Antecedents to sales force job motivation and performance: The critical role of emotional intelligence and affect-based trust in retailing managers. International journal of sales, retailing & marketing, 6, 27-37.
• Işık, B. (2016). The relationship between the charismatic characteristics of leaderships of the elementary school principals and their teachers' motivation [Master's thesis, Yüzüncü Yıl University]. National Dissertation Center.
• İrge, T. (2016). The role of leader-member interaction regarding the effect of trust in manager on motivation of the staff: An applied example with different analysis techniques. IIB International Referred Academic Social Sciences Journal, 21, 54-76.
• Kaçamak, N. (2019). Investigation of public and private school teachers’ emotional labor regression with perceived organizational support levels [Master's thesis, Yıldız Teknik University]. National Dissertation Center. http://dspace.yildiz.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/1/12366
• Kafadar, S. B. & Kaygın, E. (2017). Ethical leadership and emotional labor relations: The case of Kafkas University. Çukurova University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 21(2):77-96.
• Karabekir, M., Akçay, A., & Özhasar, B. (2016). An investigation of the relationship between organizational trust and job motivation of public employees. International Journal of Alanya Business Faculty, 8(1), 131-139.
• Kavak, E. (2019). The relationship between paternalistic leadership and trust in the manager [Master's thesis, Esenyurt University]. National Dissertation Center.
• Kelloway, E. K., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership. Work & Stress, 26(1), 39-55.
• Kılıç, G. & Demirel E. T. (2019). Reading the relationship between emotional intelligence and occupational stress in the context of the mediating effects of emotional labor. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 5(2), 230-257.
• Lee, Y. H., & Chelladurai, P. (2018). Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, coach burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in sport leadership. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(4), 393-412.
• Liu, L., Liu, P., Yang, H., Yao, H., & Thien, L. M. (2022). The relationship between distributed leadership and teacher well-being: The mediating roles of organisational trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221113683
• MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2012). Common method bias in marketing: Causes, mechanisms, and procedural remedies. Journal of retailing, 88(4), 542-555.
• Mavi, D. (2020). Teachers' views the relations among managerial roles, organizational climate and emotional labor [Doctoral thesis, Hacettepe University]. National Dissertation Center. https://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11655/23615?show=full
• Okçu, V., Ergül, H. F., & Ekmen, F. (2020). Examining the relationship between the paternalist leadership behaviour of school principals and the levels of organizational trust and motivation, according to the perceptions of teachers (Path analysis study). Journal of International Social Research, 13(73), 755–770. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.11096
• Özdemir, M. (2018). Educational administration: Fundamentals of the field and contemporary trends. Ankara: Anı Publishing.
• Özdemir, M., & Koçak, S. (2018). Predicting teacher emotional labour based on multi-frame leadership orientations: A case from Turkey. Irish Educational Studies, 37(1), 69-87.
• Özdemir, M., & Pektaş, V. (2020). The adaptation study of Conger-Kanungo charismatic leadership scale into Turkish culture. Hacettepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 2-18.
• Paşa, Ö. (2015). Teachers' trust levels in administrators and the school ethical leadership exhibited by its manager the effect of their behavior on organizational silence [Master's thesis, Mevlana University]. National Dissertation Center.
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
• Pranitasari, D. (2020). The influence of effective leadership and organizational trust to teacher’s work motivation and organizational commitment. Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 35(1), 75-91.
• Pugliesi, K. (1999). The consequences of emotional labor: Effects on work stress, job satisfaction, and well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 23(2), 125-154.
• Savaş, A. C. (2012). The effect of emotional intelligence and emotional labor competencies of primary school principals on teachers? job satisfaction [Doctoral thesis, Gaziantep University]. National Dissertation Center.
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
• Serin, S. (2014). The effect of emotional labor on burnout and job satisfaction: An application in the health sector [Master's thesis, Türk Hava Kurumu University]. National Dissertation Center.
• Sü Eröz, S. (2014). The relationship of organizational climate and emotional labor in hotel enterprises: A research in thrace region. Hak İş International Journal of Labor and Society, 3(7), 198-223.
• Şenel, G., & Aydoğan, E. (2019). Effect of ethics leadership on emotional labor: A research on health workers. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 21(2), 286-309.
• Taşpınar, Y., & Eryeşil, K. (2021). A field study on the effect of organisational trust on psychological wellbeing and workplace loneliness: The case of a local government in Konya province. Journal of Academic Researches and Studies, 13(24), 250-265.
• Tombak, Y. (2017). Analyzing the relationship between educational leadership roles and emotional labor displays of teachers [Doctoral thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University]. National Dissertation Center.
• Tuti, G. (2021). Teacher's opinions on charismatic leadership, trust in leader and emotional labor: The example of Trabzon province [Doctoral thesis, Hacettepe University]. National Dissertation Center. https://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11655/25284
• Tuti, G. & Özdemir, M. (2021). Trust in leaders scale development for educational organizations: A validity and reliability study. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(Educational Sciences Special Issue), 4850-4874 . https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.861588
• Tuti, G., & Ada, Ş. (2019). Relationship between school administrators’ capabilities of change method according to secondary school teachers’ perceptions and organizational trust level. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education Journal, 50, 494-521. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/maeuefd/issue/44789/407429
• Uslu, O. & Şimşek, A. (2020). The effects of trust in coworkers and psychological well-being on employees’ work performance. Sakarya University Institute of Business Administration Journal, 2(1),6-12 . https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sauied/issue/55619/691096
• Uyguç, N., Duygulu, E., & Çıraklar, N. (2000). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership and performance. Erciyes University 8th National Management and Organization Congress Proceedings Book, 587-601.
• Uzun, O. (2011). The relationship between organizational trust and organizational commitment of the teachers [Master's thesis, Uşak University]. National Dissertation Center.
• Ünal, A. (2011). The effect of organizational trust on emotional labor: A research on 4 and 5 star hotel establishments located in Istanbul. [Master's thesis, Sakarya University]. National Dissertation Center.
• Vineburgh, J. H. (2010). A study of organizational trust and related variables among faculty members at HBCUs [Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa]. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=3c5895ff8a23336b8f958c27045c56a55365290d
• Weber, M. (1995). Theory of social and economic organization. (Ö. Ozankaya, Trans.) Ankara: Imge Bookstore.
• Yao, X., Yao, M., Zong, X., Li, Y., Li, X., Guo, F., & Cui, G. (2015). How school climate influences teachers’ emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of emotional labor. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(10), 12505-12517.
• Yin, H. B., Lee, J. C. K., & Zhang, Z. H. (2013). Exploring the relationship among teachers' emotional intelligence, emotional labor strategies and teaching satisfaction. Teaching And Teacher Education, 35, 137-145.
• Zhang, Q., & Zhu, W. (2008). Exploring emotion in teaching: Emotional labor, burnout, and satisfaction in Chinese higher education. Communication Education, 57(1), 105-122.