Araştırma Makalesi
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Examining Validity and Reliability of Transformational Teaching Questionnaire

Yıl 2019, , 191 - 204, 12.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.456975

Öz

Purpose of this research was to adapt Beauchamp and colleagues’ (2010) "Transformational Teaching Questionnaire" to Turkish that is inspired by the transformational leadership concept from theories of leadership. 265 high school students between 15-19 (Mage = 16, SD = .95) years old (141 girls and 124 boys) participated to this study. The questionnaire is used for evaluation of students’ perceptions about their teacher. A questionnaire composed of 16 items and four subscales as; idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Pearson correlation analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analyses. For a model with 16 items and 4 factors, the correlations between Turkish and original (English) forms were found between 0.79-0.94 while, test-retest correlations were between 0.77-0.85. Internal consistency values varied between 0.78-0.87. Moreover, factor loadings were calculated between 0.48 and 0.83. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results, model fit indices (χ2/sd= 2.474, RMSEA= 0.075; CFI=0.98, NFI=0.97, NNFI=0.98, IFI=0.98, RFI=0.97, GFI=0.90, AGFI=0.86) indicated the data compatibility of the model appeared to be within acceptable and perfect limits. It can be said that the Turkish version of the “Transformational Teaching Questionnaire” can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in researches.

Kaynakça

  • Álvarez Solves, O., Castillo, I., Molina-García, V., & Balagué Gea, G. (2016). Transformational leadership on the athletic field: An international review. Revista de psicología del deporte, 25(2), 319-326.
  • Avci, A. (2015). Investigation of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles of School Principals, and Evaluation of Them in Terms of Educational Administration. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(20), 2758-2767.
  • Barling, J., Weber, T., & Kelloway, E. K. (1996). Effects of transformational leadership training on attitudinal and financial outcomes: A field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), 827.
  • Bass, BM. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, Free Press.
  • Bass, BM. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organ Dynamics, 18,19-31.
  • Bass, BM. (1996). A New Paradigm of Leadership: An Inquiry into Transformational Leadership. Virginia, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
  • Beauchamp, M. R., Barling, J., Li, Z., Morton, K. L., Keith, S. E., & Zumbo, B. D. (2010). Development and psychometric properties of the transformational teaching questionnaire. Journal of Health Psychology, 15(8), 1123-1134.
  • Beauchamp, M. R., & Morton, K. L. (2011). Transformational teaching and physical activity engagement among adolescents. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 39(3), 133-139.
  • Beauchamp, M. R., Barling, J., & Morton, K. L. (2011). Transformational teaching and adolescent self‐determined motivation, self‐efficacy, and intentions to engage in leisure time physical activity: A randomised controlled pilot trial. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 3(2), 127-150.
  • Beauchamp, M. R., Liu, Y., Morton, K. L., Martin, L. J., Wilson, A. H., Wilson, A. J., ... & Barling, J. (2014). Transformational teaching and adolescent physical activity: Multilevel and mediational effects. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(3), 537-546.
  • Boberg, J. E., & Bourgeois, S. J. (2016). The effects of integrated transformational leadership on achievement. Journal of Educational Administration, 54(3), 357-374.
  • Bourne, J., Liu, Y., Shields, C. A., Jackson, B., Zumbo, B. D., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2015). The relationship between transformational teaching and adolescent physical activity: the mediating roles of personal and relational efficacy beliefs. Journal of Health Psychology, 20(2), 132-143.
  • Browne, MW., Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258.
  • Burns, JM. (1978). Leadership. Newyork, Harper & Row Publishers.
  • Callow, N., Smith, M. J., Hardy, L., Arthur, C. A., & Hardy, J. (2009). Measurement of transformational leadership and its relationship with team cohesion and performance level. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(4), 395-412.
  • Cerit, Y. (2008). The effects of servant leadership behaviors of primary school principals on teachers’ burnout. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 56, 547-570.
  • Charbonneau, D., Barling, J., & Kelloway, E. K. (2001). Transformational Leadership and Sports Performance: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(7), 1521-1534.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. (3. baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Fazio-Griffith, L., & Ballard, M. B. (2016). Transformational learning theory and transformative teaching: A creative strategy for understanding the helping relationship. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 11(2), 225-234.
  • Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362.
  • George, D., Mallery, P. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Boston, Pearson.
  • Hetland, H., Hetland, J., Schou Andreassen, C., Pallesen, S., & Notelaers, G. (2011). Leadership and fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs at work. Career Development International, 16(5), 507-523.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological methods, 3(4), 424.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International.
  • Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 246.
  • Koh, W. L., Steers, R. M., & Terborg, J. R. (1995). The effects of transformational leadership on teacher attitudes and student performance in Singapore. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(4), 319-333.
  • Korkmaz M. (2008). A study of relationship between leadership styles on the characteristics of learning organizations in Turkish public schools. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 14(1), 75-98.
  • Kumi-Yeboah, A., & James, W. (2012). Transformational teaching experience of a novice teacher: A narrative of an award-winning teacher. Adult Learning, 23(4), 170-177.
  • Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M., & Michels, L. C. (2006). The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say? Organizational Research Methods, 9(2), 202-220.
  • Maruyama G. (1998). Basics of Structural Equation Modeling. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Morton, K. L., Keith, S. E., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2010). Transformational teaching and physical activity: A new paradigm for adolescent health promotion? Journal of Health Psychology, 15(2), 248-257.
  • Nunnally JC. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGrawHill.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
  • Pounder, J. (2014). Quality teaching through transformational classroom leadership. Quality Assurance in Education, 22(3), 273-285.
  • Pounder, D. G., Ogawa, R. T., & Adams, E. A. (1995). Leadership as an organization-wide phenomena: Its impact on school performance. Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(4), 564-588.
  • Slavich, G. M., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2012). Transformational teaching: Theoretical underpinnings, basic principles, and core methods. Educational Psychology Review, 24(4), 569-608.
  • Stenling A. & Tafvelin S. (2014) Transformational Leadership and Well-Being in Sports: The Mediating Role of Need Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(2), 182-196.
  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. (2015). Using multivariate statistics. M Baloğlu (Translated by), six ed., (6. Baskı), Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Trépanier, S. G., Fernet, C., & Austin, S. (2012). Social and motivational antecedents of perceptions of transformational leadership: A self-determination theory perspective. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 44(4), 272.
  • Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., & Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Development and effects of transformational leadership in adolescents. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 211-226.

Dönüşümcü Öğretim Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik İncelemesi

Yıl 2019, , 191 - 204, 12.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.456975

Öz

Bu
araştırmada, liderlik kuramlarından dönüşümcü liderlik teorisinden esinlenerek
Beauchamp ve diğerleri (2010)’nin geliştirdiği “Dönüşümcü Öğretim Ölçeğinin”
Türkçe’ye uyarlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmaya orta öğretim kurumlarında
eğitim alan 141 kız, 124 erkek, toplam 265 öğrenci (ort.yaş= 16 ±.95 yıl –
15-19 yaş aralığında) katılmıştır. Ölçek öğrencilerin algılamalarıyla öğretmen
davranışlarını değerlendirmekte kullanılmaktadır. Ölçek 16 madde ve dört alt boyuttan
oluşmaktadır: idealize etki, ilham veren motivasyon, entelektüel uyarım ve
bireysel saygı. Verilerin analizinde pearson korelasyon analizi, Cronbach alfa
iç tutarlık katsayısı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. 16 madde ve
4 faktörlü yapı için, Türkçe İngilizce formların korelasyonları 0.79-0.94
arasında; test-tekrar test korelasyonları ise 0.77-0.85 aralığında bulunmuştur.
İç tutarlık değerlerinin 0.78-0.87 arasında; ölçeğin faktör yük değerlerinin
0.48 ile 0.83 arasında değiştiği görülmektedir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizine
göre modelin uyum indeks değerleri (χ2/sd= 2.474, RMSEA= 0.075; CFI=0.98,
NFI=0.97, NNFI=0.98, IFI=0.98, RFI=0.97, GFI=0.90, AGFI=0.86) kabul edilebilir
ve mükemmel uyum sınırlarında göstermektedir. “Dönüşümcü Öğretim Ölçeği” Türkçe
versiyonunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak araştırmalarda
kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Álvarez Solves, O., Castillo, I., Molina-García, V., & Balagué Gea, G. (2016). Transformational leadership on the athletic field: An international review. Revista de psicología del deporte, 25(2), 319-326.
  • Avci, A. (2015). Investigation of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles of School Principals, and Evaluation of Them in Terms of Educational Administration. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(20), 2758-2767.
  • Barling, J., Weber, T., & Kelloway, E. K. (1996). Effects of transformational leadership training on attitudinal and financial outcomes: A field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), 827.
  • Bass, BM. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, Free Press.
  • Bass, BM. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organ Dynamics, 18,19-31.
  • Bass, BM. (1996). A New Paradigm of Leadership: An Inquiry into Transformational Leadership. Virginia, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
  • Beauchamp, M. R., Barling, J., Li, Z., Morton, K. L., Keith, S. E., & Zumbo, B. D. (2010). Development and psychometric properties of the transformational teaching questionnaire. Journal of Health Psychology, 15(8), 1123-1134.
  • Beauchamp, M. R., & Morton, K. L. (2011). Transformational teaching and physical activity engagement among adolescents. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 39(3), 133-139.
  • Beauchamp, M. R., Barling, J., & Morton, K. L. (2011). Transformational teaching and adolescent self‐determined motivation, self‐efficacy, and intentions to engage in leisure time physical activity: A randomised controlled pilot trial. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 3(2), 127-150.
  • Beauchamp, M. R., Liu, Y., Morton, K. L., Martin, L. J., Wilson, A. H., Wilson, A. J., ... & Barling, J. (2014). Transformational teaching and adolescent physical activity: Multilevel and mediational effects. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(3), 537-546.
  • Boberg, J. E., & Bourgeois, S. J. (2016). The effects of integrated transformational leadership on achievement. Journal of Educational Administration, 54(3), 357-374.
  • Bourne, J., Liu, Y., Shields, C. A., Jackson, B., Zumbo, B. D., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2015). The relationship between transformational teaching and adolescent physical activity: the mediating roles of personal and relational efficacy beliefs. Journal of Health Psychology, 20(2), 132-143.
  • Browne, MW., Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258.
  • Burns, JM. (1978). Leadership. Newyork, Harper & Row Publishers.
  • Callow, N., Smith, M. J., Hardy, L., Arthur, C. A., & Hardy, J. (2009). Measurement of transformational leadership and its relationship with team cohesion and performance level. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(4), 395-412.
  • Cerit, Y. (2008). The effects of servant leadership behaviors of primary school principals on teachers’ burnout. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 56, 547-570.
  • Charbonneau, D., Barling, J., & Kelloway, E. K. (2001). Transformational Leadership and Sports Performance: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(7), 1521-1534.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. (3. baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Fazio-Griffith, L., & Ballard, M. B. (2016). Transformational learning theory and transformative teaching: A creative strategy for understanding the helping relationship. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 11(2), 225-234.
  • Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362.
  • George, D., Mallery, P. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Boston, Pearson.
  • Hetland, H., Hetland, J., Schou Andreassen, C., Pallesen, S., & Notelaers, G. (2011). Leadership and fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs at work. Career Development International, 16(5), 507-523.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological methods, 3(4), 424.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International.
  • Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 246.
  • Koh, W. L., Steers, R. M., & Terborg, J. R. (1995). The effects of transformational leadership on teacher attitudes and student performance in Singapore. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(4), 319-333.
  • Korkmaz M. (2008). A study of relationship between leadership styles on the characteristics of learning organizations in Turkish public schools. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 14(1), 75-98.
  • Kumi-Yeboah, A., & James, W. (2012). Transformational teaching experience of a novice teacher: A narrative of an award-winning teacher. Adult Learning, 23(4), 170-177.
  • Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M., & Michels, L. C. (2006). The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say? Organizational Research Methods, 9(2), 202-220.
  • Maruyama G. (1998). Basics of Structural Equation Modeling. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Morton, K. L., Keith, S. E., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2010). Transformational teaching and physical activity: A new paradigm for adolescent health promotion? Journal of Health Psychology, 15(2), 248-257.
  • Nunnally JC. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGrawHill.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
  • Pounder, J. (2014). Quality teaching through transformational classroom leadership. Quality Assurance in Education, 22(3), 273-285.
  • Pounder, D. G., Ogawa, R. T., & Adams, E. A. (1995). Leadership as an organization-wide phenomena: Its impact on school performance. Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(4), 564-588.
  • Slavich, G. M., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2012). Transformational teaching: Theoretical underpinnings, basic principles, and core methods. Educational Psychology Review, 24(4), 569-608.
  • Stenling A. & Tafvelin S. (2014) Transformational Leadership and Well-Being in Sports: The Mediating Role of Need Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(2), 182-196.
  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. (2015). Using multivariate statistics. M Baloğlu (Translated by), six ed., (6. Baskı), Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Trépanier, S. G., Fernet, C., & Austin, S. (2012). Social and motivational antecedents of perceptions of transformational leadership: A self-determination theory perspective. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 44(4), 272.
  • Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., & Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Development and effects of transformational leadership in adolescents. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 211-226.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sinan Yıldırım Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0307-7922

Yılmaz Yüksel 0000-0003-1816-2916

Emre Bilgin Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1300-3131

Alper Yıldız 0000-0003-1158-7997

Özgür Yaşar Akyar Bu kişi benim

Ziya Koruç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Eylül 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Eylül 2018
Kabul Tarihi 26 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, S., Yüksel, Y., Bilgin, E., Yıldız, A., vd. (2019). Dönüşümcü Öğretim Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik İncelemesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, 191-204. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.456975