Araştırma Makalesi
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Investigation of the Relationship of Anger and Patterns of Expressing Anger with Parenting Styles, Emotional Autonomy and Attachment Characteristics in Adolescents

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 61, 15 - 38, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1249209

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine whether the trait anger and anger expression styles of adolescents are related to their emotional autonomy levels, attachment orientations and their parents' child raising styles. The study group consists of 678 individuals, 370 women and 308 men. Personal Information Form was used to obtain the personal details of the adolescents participating in the study. Trait Anger and Anger Expression Style Scale was used to reveal trait anger and anger expression styles, and Emotional Autonomy Scale was used to determine emotional autonomy levels. Parenting Styles Questionnaire was used to determine the child raising styles of their parents, and Experiences in Close Relationships –Relationship Structures Questionnaire was used to determine attachment orientations. According to the findings of this study, attachment orientations to parents, parenting styles and emotional autonomy sub-dimensions are significant predictors of anger and anger expression style. Accordingly, an average of 12% of the total variance in trait anger, an average of 13% of the total variance in internalized anger, an average of 14% of the total variance in externalized anger, and an average of 14% of the total variance controlled anger are explained by independent variables. The findings of this study indicate that the dynamics of parent-child interaction and the role of emotional autonomy are important in explaining anger and anger expression style in adolescence. The findings of the study are discussed within the framework of the relevant literature and suggestions are presented for researchers and field experts.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, S. B. (2015). Parental attitudes and childhood traumatic experiences aspredictors of anger and anger expression styles in preadolescent sample. [Master thesis, İstanbul Bilim University]. National Dissertation Center.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. N. (2015). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Routledge Taylor & Francis.
  • Albayrak, B. & Kutlu, Y. (2009a). Anger expression and related factors in adolescents. Maltepe University Journal of Nursing Science and Art, 2(3), 57-69.
  • Alpar, R. (2021). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Aslan, S. & Güven, M. (2010). The Relation between attachment and personal adjustment mediated by separation-individuation. Education and Science, 35(157), 181-191.
  • Aydın, A. & Akgün, S. (2014). The relationships between anger, narcissism and reactive and proactive aggression in adolescence. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 29(73), 44-56.
  • Aydın, B. (1997). Çocuk ve Ergen Psikolojisi. Marmara Üniversitesi Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Baumrind, D. (2005). Patterns of parental authority and adolescent autonomy. New Dir. Child Adolesc., 2005(108), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.128
  • Bi, X., Yang, Y., Li, H., Wang, M., Zhang, W., & Deater-Deckard, K. (2018). Parenting styles and parent–adolescent relationships: The mediating roles of behavioral autonomy and parental authority. Frontiers in Psychology, 2187(9). 1-13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02187
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Seperation. Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x
  • Bowlby, J. (1983). Attachment and Loss: Attachment. Basic Books.
  • Brodie, Z. P., Goodall, K., Darling, S., & McVittie, C. (2019). Attachment insecurity and dispositional aggression: The mediating role of maladaptive anger regulation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(6), 1831-1852. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518772937
  • Bulut, S. (2018). Examine the relationship between parents' attitude and anger expression for high school students. [Master thesis, İstanbul Gelişim University]. National Dissertation Center.
  • Chan, K.W. & Chan, S.M. (2009). Emotional autonomy and perceived parenting styles: relational analysis in the Hong Kong cultural context. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. 10, 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-009-9050-z
  • Collins, N. L. (1996). Working models of attachment: Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(4), 810-832. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.810
  • Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working models of attachment shape perceptions of social support: evidence from experimental and observational studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(3), 363-383. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.363
  • Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
  • Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: what changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(10), 1015-1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x
  • Çoban, A. E. (2013). Investigation of Turkish adolescents emotional autonomy in terms of some demographic variables. Education and Science, 38(169), 357-371.
  • Dallaire, D. H., & Weinraub, M. (2007). Infant mother attachment security and children's anxiety and aggression at first grade. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(56), 477-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2007.06.005
  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
  • Demiriz, S. & Öğretir, A. D. (2007). A study of the attitudes of mothers of 10-years-old children in lower and upper socio-economic status. Kastamonu Education Journal, 15(1), 105- 122.
  • Di Giunta, L., Iselin, A.-M.R., Lansford, J.E., Eisenberg, N., Lunetti, C., Thartori, E., Basili, E., Pastorelli, C., Bacchini, D., Uribe Tirado, L.M. & Gerbino, M. (2018), Parents' and early adolescents' self-efficacy about anger regulation and early adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems: A longitudinal study in three countries. Journal of Adolescence, 64(1), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.01.009
  • Doyle, A. B., Lawford, H., & Markiewicz, D. (2009). Attachment style with mother, father, best friend, and romantic partner during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(4), 690-714. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00617.x
  • Dursun, A. (2010). Examinining of the relationship between the behavioral problems of the children in the preschool period and parents attitudes. [Master thesis, İzmir Dokuz Eylül University]. National Dissertation Center.
  • Fuligni, A. J. (1998). Authority, autonomy, and parent-adolescent conflict and cohesion: a study of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, Filipino, and European backgrounds. Dev. Psychol. 34(4), 782–792. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.782
  • Garber, J., & Little, S. A. (2001). Emotional autonomy and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16(4), 355-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558401164004
  • Gresham, D., Melvin, G. A., & Gullone, E. (2016). The role of anger in the relationship between internalising symptoms and aggression in adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(9), 2674-2682. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10826-016-0435-4
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  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1207/s15327965pli0501_1
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Ergenlerde Öfke ve Öfkeyi İfade Etme Biçimlerinin Ebeveynlik Stilleri, Duygusal Özerklik ve Bağlanma Özellikleriyle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 61, 15 - 38, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1249209

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı ergenlik dönemindeki bireylerin sürekli öfke ve öfkeyi ifade etme biçimlerinin duygusal özerklik düzeyleri, bağlanma yönelimleri ve ebeveynlerinin çocuk yetiştirme stilleriyle ilişki olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 370 kadın, 308 erkek olmak üzere 678 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Uygulamaya katılan ergenlerin kişisel bilgilerini elde edebilmek için Kişisel Bilgi Formu, sürekli öfke ve öfke ifade tarzlarını belirlemek için Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarz Ölçeği, duygusal özerklik düzeylerini belirlemek için Duygusal Özerklik Ölçeği, ebeveynlerinin çocuk yetiştirme stillerini belirlemek için Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumları Ölçeği ve bağlanma yönelimlerini belirlemek için Yakın İlişkilerde Yaşantılar Envanteri – İlişki Yapıları kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre anne babaya bağlanma yönelimi, ebeveynlik stilleri ve duygusal özerklik alt boyutları birlikte Öfke ve öfke ifade tarzının anlamlı yordayıcılarıdır. Buna göre sürekli öfkedeki toplam varyansın ortalama %12’si, içe yönlendirilmiş öfkedeki toplam varyansın ortalama %13’ü, dışsallaştırılmış öfkedeki toplam varyansın ortalama %14’ü ve öfke kontrolü toplam varyansın ortalama %14’ü bağımsız değişkenler tarafından açıklanmaktadır. Bu araştırma bulguları sonucunda ergenlik döneminde öfke ve öfke ifade tarzının açıklanmasında ebeveyn-çocuk etkileşimi ile ilgili dinamiklerin ve duygusal özerkliğin rolünün önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmanın bulguları ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılarak araştırmacı ve alan uzmanlarına öneriler sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, S. B. (2015). Parental attitudes and childhood traumatic experiences aspredictors of anger and anger expression styles in preadolescent sample. [Master thesis, İstanbul Bilim University]. National Dissertation Center.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. N. (2015). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Routledge Taylor & Francis.
  • Albayrak, B. & Kutlu, Y. (2009a). Anger expression and related factors in adolescents. Maltepe University Journal of Nursing Science and Art, 2(3), 57-69.
  • Alpar, R. (2021). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Aslan, S. & Güven, M. (2010). The Relation between attachment and personal adjustment mediated by separation-individuation. Education and Science, 35(157), 181-191.
  • Aydın, A. & Akgün, S. (2014). The relationships between anger, narcissism and reactive and proactive aggression in adolescence. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 29(73), 44-56.
  • Aydın, B. (1997). Çocuk ve Ergen Psikolojisi. Marmara Üniversitesi Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Baumrind, D. (2005). Patterns of parental authority and adolescent autonomy. New Dir. Child Adolesc., 2005(108), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.128
  • Bi, X., Yang, Y., Li, H., Wang, M., Zhang, W., & Deater-Deckard, K. (2018). Parenting styles and parent–adolescent relationships: The mediating roles of behavioral autonomy and parental authority. Frontiers in Psychology, 2187(9). 1-13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02187
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Seperation. Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x
  • Bowlby, J. (1983). Attachment and Loss: Attachment. Basic Books.
  • Brodie, Z. P., Goodall, K., Darling, S., & McVittie, C. (2019). Attachment insecurity and dispositional aggression: The mediating role of maladaptive anger regulation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(6), 1831-1852. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518772937
  • Bulut, S. (2018). Examine the relationship between parents' attitude and anger expression for high school students. [Master thesis, İstanbul Gelişim University]. National Dissertation Center.
  • Chan, K.W. & Chan, S.M. (2009). Emotional autonomy and perceived parenting styles: relational analysis in the Hong Kong cultural context. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. 10, 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-009-9050-z
  • Collins, N. L. (1996). Working models of attachment: Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(4), 810-832. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.810
  • Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working models of attachment shape perceptions of social support: evidence from experimental and observational studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(3), 363-383. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.363
  • Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
  • Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: what changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(10), 1015-1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x
  • Çoban, A. E. (2013). Investigation of Turkish adolescents emotional autonomy in terms of some demographic variables. Education and Science, 38(169), 357-371.
  • Dallaire, D. H., & Weinraub, M. (2007). Infant mother attachment security and children's anxiety and aggression at first grade. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(56), 477-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2007.06.005
  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
  • Demiriz, S. & Öğretir, A. D. (2007). A study of the attitudes of mothers of 10-years-old children in lower and upper socio-economic status. Kastamonu Education Journal, 15(1), 105- 122.
  • Di Giunta, L., Iselin, A.-M.R., Lansford, J.E., Eisenberg, N., Lunetti, C., Thartori, E., Basili, E., Pastorelli, C., Bacchini, D., Uribe Tirado, L.M. & Gerbino, M. (2018), Parents' and early adolescents' self-efficacy about anger regulation and early adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems: A longitudinal study in three countries. Journal of Adolescence, 64(1), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.01.009
  • Doyle, A. B., Lawford, H., & Markiewicz, D. (2009). Attachment style with mother, father, best friend, and romantic partner during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(4), 690-714. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00617.x
  • Dursun, A. (2010). Examinining of the relationship between the behavioral problems of the children in the preschool period and parents attitudes. [Master thesis, İzmir Dokuz Eylül University]. National Dissertation Center.
  • Fuligni, A. J. (1998). Authority, autonomy, and parent-adolescent conflict and cohesion: a study of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, Filipino, and European backgrounds. Dev. Psychol. 34(4), 782–792. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.782
  • Garber, J., & Little, S. A. (2001). Emotional autonomy and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16(4), 355-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558401164004
  • Gresham, D., Melvin, G. A., & Gullone, E. (2016). The role of anger in the relationship between internalising symptoms and aggression in adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(9), 2674-2682. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10826-016-0435-4
  • Güngör, A. (2002). Gelişim ve öğrenme. Toplumsal ve duygusal gelişim. Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1207/s15327965pli0501_1
  • Houltberg, B. J., Sheffield Morris, A., Cui, L., Henry, C. S., & Criss, M. M. (2016). The role of youth anger in explaining links between parenting and early adolescent prosocial and antisocial behavior. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 36(3), 297-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431614562834
  • İmamoğlu, S. (2003). The examination of the relationships between anger-anger expression styles and attachment styles of teacher candidates. [Master thesis, Marmara University]. National Dissertation Center.
  • Kahraman, H., & Irmak, T. Y. (2019). Children’s temperament and problem behaviors: mediating role of parenting practice. The Journal of Buca Faculty of Education, 48, 15-29.
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  • Kaplan, B., & Aksel, E. Ş. (2013). The investigation of relationship between attachment and aggressive behavior of adolescents. Nesne Journal of Psychology, 1(1), 20-49. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-02
  • Karababa, A., & Dilmaç, B. (2015). The role of human values in predicting trait anger and anger expression styles among adolescents. Elementary Education Online, 14(3), 1149-1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.17051/io.2015.85927
  • Karataş, S. (2016). Attachment and identity status among adolescents: Examining the mediating role of the basic psychological needs. [Master thesis, İstanbul University]. National Dissertation Center.
  • Karataş, S., & Demir, İ. (2019). Attachment avoidance and anxiety in adolescence: Turkish adaptation of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Scale. Psychological Reports, 122(4), 1372–1394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118785562
  • Kesen, N. F. , Deniz, M. E. & Durmuşoğlu, N. (2007). Ergenlerde saldırganlık ve öfke düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki: Yetiştirme yurtları üzerinde bir araştırma. The Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute, 17, 353-364.
  • Kılıçarslan, S. & Parmaksız, İ. (2020). Social anxiety and emotional autonomy as predictors of violence tendency in adolescents. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 16 (1), 1-14.
  • Köseoğlu, S. A. & Erçevik, A. (2015). The relation between emotional autonomy and social support levels for high school students. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 15(2),198-216.
  • Kuppens, P., Van Mechelen, I., Smits, D. J., & De Boeck, P. (2003). The appraisal basis of anger: specificity, necessity and sufficiency of components. Emotion, 3(3), 254. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/1528-3542.3.3.254
  • Lamborn, S. D., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Emotional autonomy redux: Revisiting Ryan and Lynch. Child Development, 64(2), 483-499. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/1131264
  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the Context of the Family: Parent-Child Interaction. In Handbook of Child Psychology: Socialization, Personality, and Social Development (Vol. 4, pp. 1-101).Wiley.
  • Mahoney, J. L., Schweder, A. E., & Stattin, H. (2002). Structured after‐school activities as a moderator of depressed mood for adolescents with detached relations to their parents. Journal of Community Psychology, 30(1), 69-86. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/jcop.1051
  • Majorano, M., Musetti, A., & Brondino, M. (2015). Loneliness, Emotional Autonomy, and Motivation for Solitary Behavior During Adolescence. J Child Fam Stud 24, 3436–3447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0145-3
  • Mikulincer, M. (1998). Adult attachment style and individual differences in functional versus dysfunctional experiences of anger. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 513-524. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.513
  • Montemayor, R. (1983). Parents and adolescents in conflict: All families some of the time and some families most of the time. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 3(1-2), 83-103. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/027243168331007
  • Muris, P., Meesters, C., Morren, M., & Moorman, L. (2004). Anger and hostility in adolescents: Relationships with self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing styles. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(3), 257-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00616-0
  • Neff, K. D., & Harter, S. (2003). Relationship styles of self-focused autonomy, other-focused connectedness, and mutuality across multiple relationship contexts. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20(1), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075030201004
  • Özer, A. K. (1994). Sürekli öfke (SL-Öfke) ve öfke ifade tarzı (Öfke-Tarz) ölçekleri ön çalışması. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 9(31), 26-35.
  • Özmen, D., Özmen, E., Çetinkaya, A., & Akil, I. Ö. (2016). Trait anger and anger expression styles in adolescents. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(1), 65-73.
  • Özyürek, A., ve Özkan, İ. (2015). An examination of the relationship between anger levels of adolescents towards school and parental attitudes. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 15(2), 280-296.
  • Rholes, W. S., Simpson, J. A., & Oriña, M. M. (1999). Attachment and anger in an anxiety provoking situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 940-957. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.940
  • Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, J. H. (1989). Emotional autonomy versus detachment: Revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood. Child Development, 60, 340-356. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130981
  • Setiawati, Y., Miranti, K., & Syulthoni, ZB (2020). The relationship between mother’s parenting patterns and aggressive behavior of adolescent son in risk environments. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 14 (1), 2513-2517.
  • Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Adult attachment strategies and the regulation of emotion. In Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed., pp. 446-465). Guilford Press.
  • Soykan, Ç. (2003). Anger and Anger Management. The Journal of Crisis, 11 (2), 19-28.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Jacobs, G., Russell, S., & Crane, R. S. (1983). Assessment of anger: The state-trait anger scale. In Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 2, pp. 159-187). Hillsdale.
  • Steinberg, L., & Silverberg, S. B. (1986). The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence. Child Development, 57(4), 841-851. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130361
  • Sümer, N. & Güngör. (1999). Çocuk yetiştirme stillerinin bağlanma stilleri, benlik değerlendirmeleri ve yakın ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisi. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 14(44), 35-61.
  • Sümer, N., & Şendağ, M. A. (2009). Attachment to parents during middle childhood, self-perceptions, and anxiety. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 24(63), 86-101.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
  • Tatar, A., Bildik, T., Yektaş, Ç., Hamidi, F. & Özmen, H. E. (2016). The adaptation of emotional autonomy scale into Turkish and examination of emotional autonomy an non-clinical adolescence sample. Nobel Medicus, 12(1), 39-48.
  • Thomas, S. P. (1989). Gender differences in anger expression: Health implications. Research in Nursing & Health, 12(6), 389-398. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/nur.4770120609
  • Thomas, K. J., Rodrigues, H., de Oliveira, R. T., & Mangino, A. A. (2020). What predicts pre-adolescent compliance with family rules? A longitudinal analysis of parental discipline, procedural justice, and legitimacy evaluations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49, 936-950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01158-0
  • Troisi, A., & D’Argenio, A. (2004). The relationship between anger and depression in a clinical sample of young men: the role of insecure attachment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 79(1-3), 269-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00406-8
  • Yu, J.J. (2011). Reciprocal associations between connectedness and autonomy among Korean adolescents: compatible or antithetical. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 692-703. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00839.x
  • Zhang, W. X., & Fuligni, A. J. (2006). Authority, autonomy, and family relationships among adolescents in urban and rural China. J. Res. Adolesc. 16, 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00506.x
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatma Betül Dağlı 0000-0002-0835-1521

Hatice Deveci Şirin 0000-0002-0529-0209

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Şubat 2023
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA Dağlı, F. B., & Deveci Şirin, H. (2024). Ergenlerde Öfke ve Öfkeyi İfade Etme Biçimlerinin Ebeveynlik Stilleri, Duygusal Özerklik ve Bağlanma Özellikleriyle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(61), 15-38. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1249209