Özel Eğitim Öğretmenlerine Piramit Modeli Aracılığıyla Sunulan Davranışsal Beceri Öğretiminin Pekiştireç Değerlendirme Öğretimi Üzerindeki Etkililiği
Yıl 2021,
Sayı: 52, 179 - 205, 27.04.2021
Özlem Toper
,
Gülcan Kaya
,
Melike Genel
,
Mukaddes Yıldız Akdemir
Öz
PPiramit modeli, özellikle özel eğitim alanındaki mesleki gelişim eğitimlerinde, davranışsal uygulamaların öğretimi amacıyla kullanılmakta olan ve kısa sürede daha fazla kişiye ulaşma imkânı veren bir modeldir. Bu modelde bir uzman, belli sayıdaki uygulamacıya eğitim verdikten sonra, eğitime katılan bu kişiler de başka uygulamacılara eğitim vermektedir. Piramit modeli temel alınarak gerçekleştirilen mesleki gelişim eğitimlerinde ise sıklıkla Davranışsal Beceri Öğretiminden (DBÖ) yararlanıldığı görülmektedir. DBÖ, sözel sununun yanı sıra içeriğinde canlandırma yapma ve geri bildirim sunma basamaklarını da içeren ve katılımcıların öğretimi sunulan uygulamayı pratik etmelerine olanak sunan aşamalardan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da piramit modeli temel alınarak üç özel eğitim öğretmenine (birincil katılımcılar) DBÖ yolu ile Çok Seçenekli Pekiştireç Değerlendirme (ÇSPD) oturumlarını gerçekleştirme eğitimi verilmiş, ardından bu üç öğretmenin her biri üçer meslek elemanına (ikincil katılımcılar) aynı şekilde eğitim düzenlemiştir. Gruplar arası eşzamanlı olmayan çoklu başlama düzeyi modeli kullanılarak desenlenen çalışmanın sonuçları, birincil ve ikincil olmak üzere tüm katılımcıların DBÖ ile sunulan ÇSPD’yi yüksek uygulama güvenirliği ile uygulayabilir düzeye ulaştığını, ayrıca birincil katılımcıların DBÖ ile ikincil katılımcılara ÇSPD öğretimini yüksek uygulama güvenirliği ile öğretebildiklerini göstermektedir.
Kaynakça
- Alnemary, F., Wallace, M., Alnemary, F., Gharapetian, L. & Yassine, J. (2017). Application of a pyramidal training model on the implementation of trial-based functional analysis: A partial replication. Behavior Analysis Practice, 10, 301-306, doi: 10.1007/s40617-016-0159-3.
- Andzik, N. & Cannella-Malone, H.I. (2017). A review of the pyrimidal training approach for practitioners working with individuals with disabilities. Behavior Modification, 41 (4), 558-580, doi:10.1177/0145445517692952.
- Bloom, S. E., Lambert, J. M., Dayton, E., & Samaha, A. L. (2013). Teacher-conducted trial-based functional analyses as the basis for intervention. . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 208 –218. doi:10.1002/jaba.21.
- Brock, M.E. & Catrer, E.W. (2016). Efficacy of teachers training paraprofessionals to implement peer support arrangements . Exceptional Children, 82(3), 354-371
- Cook, B.G. & Odom, S.L. (2013). Evidence-based practices and implementation science in special education. Exceptional Children, 79 (2)., 135-144, ://doi.org/10.1177/001440291307900201.
- Cooper J.O, Heron T.E, & Heward W.L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.) Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- Ducharme, J.M., Williams, L., Cummings, A., Murray, P. & Spencer, T. (2001). General case quasi-pyramidal staff training to promote generalization of teaching skills in supervisory and direct-care staff. Behavior Modification, 25 (2), 233-254, doi.org/10.1177/0145445501252004.
- Erath, T.G., DiGennaro Reed, F.D., Sundermeyer, H.W. Brand, D., Novak, M.D. Harbison, M.J. et al. (2020). Enhancing the training integrity of human service staff using pyramidal behavioral skills training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 53 (1), 449-464 https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.608.
- Horner, R. H., Carr, E. G., Halle, J., McGee, G., Odom, S., & Wolery, M. (2005). The use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based in special education. Exceptional Children, 71(2), 165-180
- Iwata, B.A., Wallace, M.D., Kahng, S.W., Lindberg, J.S., Roscoe, E.M., Conners, J., et al. (2000). Skill acquisition in the implementation of functional analysis methodology. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33 (2), 181-194, doi: 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-181.
- Kratochwill, T.R., Hitchock, J., Horner, R.H., Levin, J.R., Odom, S.L., Rindskopf, D.M. et al. (2013). Single-case intervention research design standarts. Remedial and Special Education, 34 (1), 26-38.
- Kuhn, S. A., Lerman, D. C., & Vorndran, C. M. (2003). Pyrimidal training for families of children with problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 77-88, doi:10.1901/jaba.2003.36-77.
- Kunnavatana, S. S., Bloom, S. E., Samaha, A. L., & Dayton, E. (2013). Training teachers to conduct trial-based functional analyses. Behavior Modification, 37, 707–722. doi:10.1177 /0145445513490950.
- Lambert, J.M., Bloom,S.E., Kunnavatana, S.S., Collins, S.D., & Clay, C. J. (2013). Training residential staff to conduct trial-based functional analyses. Journal o fApplied Behavior Analysis,46, 296–300. doi:10.1002/jaba.17.
- Lavie, T. & Sturmey, P. (2002). Training staff to conduct a paired-stimulus preference assessment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35 (2), 209-211, doi: 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-209.
- Lerman DC, Tetreault A., Hovanetz A., Strobel M., & Garro J. (2008). Further evaluation of a brief, intensive teacher-training model. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41 (2), 243-248, DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-243.
- Maffei-Almodovar, L. & Sturmey, P. (2018). Change Agent Training in Behavior Analytic Procedures for People with Developmental and İntellectual Disabilities: A meta-analysis. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 5 (2), 129-141, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-018-0128-6.
- Neef, N. (1995). Pyrimidal parent training . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28(3), 333-337, doi: 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-333.
- Neely, L., Rispoli, M., Boles, M. , Morin, K., Gregori, E.; Ninci, J. et al. (2019). Interventionist acquisition of incidental teaching using pyramidal training via telehealth. Behavior Modification, 43 (5), 711-733,doi.org/10.1177/0145445518781770
- Parsons, M. B., Rollyson, J. H., & Reid, D. H. (2012). Evidence based staff training: A guide for practitioners. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 5, 2-11. doi: 10.1007/BF03391819
- Parsons, M. B., Rollyson, J. H., & Reid, D. H. (2013). Teaching practitioners to conduct behavioral skills training: A pyramidal approach for training multiple human service staff. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 6 (2), 4-16, doi: 10.1007/BF03391798
- Pence, S. T., Peter, C. C., & Tetreault, A. S. (2012). Increaing accurate preference assessment implementation through pyrimidal training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45, 345-359, doi:10.1901/jaba.2012.45-345.
- Pence, S. T., Peter, C. C., & Giles, A. F. (2014). Teacher aquisition of functional analysis methods using pyrimidal training. Journal of Behavioral Education, 23, 132-149, doi:10.1007/s10864-013-9182-4.
- Roscoe, E. M., Fisher, W. W., Glover, A. C., & Volkert, V. M. (2006). Evaluating the relative effects of feedback and contingent money for staff training of stimulus preference assessments. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39 (1), 63-77. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2006.7-05.
- Roscoe, E. M., & Fisher, W. W. (2008). Evaluation of an efficient method for training staff to implement stimulus preference assessment . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41, 249-254, doi:10.1901/jaba.2008.41-249.
- Rush, K. S., Mortenson, B. P., & Birch, S. E. (2010). Evaluation of preference assessment procedures for use with infants and toddlers. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6(1), 1-15.
- Sarokoff, R.A. & Sturmey, P. (2004). The effects of behavioral skills training on staff implementation of discrete-trial teaching. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37 (4), 535-538, doi: 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-535.
- Scheeler, M. C., Ruhl, K. L., & McAfee, J. K. (2004). Providing performance feedback to teachers: A review. Teacher Education and Special Education, 27, 396-407. doi:10.1177/088840640402700407
- Tekin-İftar, E. (2012). Çoklu başlama düzeyi modelleri. E. Tekin-İftar (Ed.). Eğitim ve Davranış Bilimlerinde Tek-Denekli Araştırmalar içinde (s.181-216). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları
- Turhan, C., Ünal, F. ve Toper-Korkmaz, Ö. (2018). Özel eğitim alanında çalışan öğretmenlere sistematik pekiştireç değerlendirmeyönteminin öğretimi. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4 (1), 79-106.
The Effectiveness of Behavioral Skills Training to Special Education Teachers on Preference Assessment Implementation through The Pyramidal Model
Yıl 2021,
Sayı: 52, 179 - 205, 27.04.2021
Özlem Toper
,
Gülcan Kaya
,
Melike Genel
,
Mukaddes Yıldız Akdemir
Öz
The pyramid model is used for teaching behavioral skills, especially in professional development training in special education, and provides access to more people in a shorter time. In professional development training based on the pyramid model, it is seen that Behavioral Skills Training (BST) is frequently used. In this study, based on the pyramid model, three special education teachers were trained to conduct Multiple Stimulus without Replacement (MSWO) sessions via BST. Each of these three teachers provided training to three other staff in the same way. The study results, which was designed using the concurrent multiple baseline design model between the groups, show that all primary and secondary participants have reached the level that they can implement the MSWO offered by the BST with high treatment fidelity. The primary participants could be taught the MSWO to secondary participants by BST with high treatment fidelity.
Kaynakça
- Alnemary, F., Wallace, M., Alnemary, F., Gharapetian, L. & Yassine, J. (2017). Application of a pyramidal training model on the implementation of trial-based functional analysis: A partial replication. Behavior Analysis Practice, 10, 301-306, doi: 10.1007/s40617-016-0159-3.
- Andzik, N. & Cannella-Malone, H.I. (2017). A review of the pyrimidal training approach for practitioners working with individuals with disabilities. Behavior Modification, 41 (4), 558-580, doi:10.1177/0145445517692952.
- Bloom, S. E., Lambert, J. M., Dayton, E., & Samaha, A. L. (2013). Teacher-conducted trial-based functional analyses as the basis for intervention. . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 208 –218. doi:10.1002/jaba.21.
- Brock, M.E. & Catrer, E.W. (2016). Efficacy of teachers training paraprofessionals to implement peer support arrangements . Exceptional Children, 82(3), 354-371
- Cook, B.G. & Odom, S.L. (2013). Evidence-based practices and implementation science in special education. Exceptional Children, 79 (2)., 135-144, ://doi.org/10.1177/001440291307900201.
- Cooper J.O, Heron T.E, & Heward W.L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.) Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- Ducharme, J.M., Williams, L., Cummings, A., Murray, P. & Spencer, T. (2001). General case quasi-pyramidal staff training to promote generalization of teaching skills in supervisory and direct-care staff. Behavior Modification, 25 (2), 233-254, doi.org/10.1177/0145445501252004.
- Erath, T.G., DiGennaro Reed, F.D., Sundermeyer, H.W. Brand, D., Novak, M.D. Harbison, M.J. et al. (2020). Enhancing the training integrity of human service staff using pyramidal behavioral skills training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 53 (1), 449-464 https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.608.
- Horner, R. H., Carr, E. G., Halle, J., McGee, G., Odom, S., & Wolery, M. (2005). The use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based in special education. Exceptional Children, 71(2), 165-180
- Iwata, B.A., Wallace, M.D., Kahng, S.W., Lindberg, J.S., Roscoe, E.M., Conners, J., et al. (2000). Skill acquisition in the implementation of functional analysis methodology. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33 (2), 181-194, doi: 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-181.
- Kratochwill, T.R., Hitchock, J., Horner, R.H., Levin, J.R., Odom, S.L., Rindskopf, D.M. et al. (2013). Single-case intervention research design standarts. Remedial and Special Education, 34 (1), 26-38.
- Kuhn, S. A., Lerman, D. C., & Vorndran, C. M. (2003). Pyrimidal training for families of children with problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 77-88, doi:10.1901/jaba.2003.36-77.
- Kunnavatana, S. S., Bloom, S. E., Samaha, A. L., & Dayton, E. (2013). Training teachers to conduct trial-based functional analyses. Behavior Modification, 37, 707–722. doi:10.1177 /0145445513490950.
- Lambert, J.M., Bloom,S.E., Kunnavatana, S.S., Collins, S.D., & Clay, C. J. (2013). Training residential staff to conduct trial-based functional analyses. Journal o fApplied Behavior Analysis,46, 296–300. doi:10.1002/jaba.17.
- Lavie, T. & Sturmey, P. (2002). Training staff to conduct a paired-stimulus preference assessment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35 (2), 209-211, doi: 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-209.
- Lerman DC, Tetreault A., Hovanetz A., Strobel M., & Garro J. (2008). Further evaluation of a brief, intensive teacher-training model. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41 (2), 243-248, DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-243.
- Maffei-Almodovar, L. & Sturmey, P. (2018). Change Agent Training in Behavior Analytic Procedures for People with Developmental and İntellectual Disabilities: A meta-analysis. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 5 (2), 129-141, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-018-0128-6.
- Neef, N. (1995). Pyrimidal parent training . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28(3), 333-337, doi: 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-333.
- Neely, L., Rispoli, M., Boles, M. , Morin, K., Gregori, E.; Ninci, J. et al. (2019). Interventionist acquisition of incidental teaching using pyramidal training via telehealth. Behavior Modification, 43 (5), 711-733,doi.org/10.1177/0145445518781770
- Parsons, M. B., Rollyson, J. H., & Reid, D. H. (2012). Evidence based staff training: A guide for practitioners. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 5, 2-11. doi: 10.1007/BF03391819
- Parsons, M. B., Rollyson, J. H., & Reid, D. H. (2013). Teaching practitioners to conduct behavioral skills training: A pyramidal approach for training multiple human service staff. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 6 (2), 4-16, doi: 10.1007/BF03391798
- Pence, S. T., Peter, C. C., & Tetreault, A. S. (2012). Increaing accurate preference assessment implementation through pyrimidal training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45, 345-359, doi:10.1901/jaba.2012.45-345.
- Pence, S. T., Peter, C. C., & Giles, A. F. (2014). Teacher aquisition of functional analysis methods using pyrimidal training. Journal of Behavioral Education, 23, 132-149, doi:10.1007/s10864-013-9182-4.
- Roscoe, E. M., Fisher, W. W., Glover, A. C., & Volkert, V. M. (2006). Evaluating the relative effects of feedback and contingent money for staff training of stimulus preference assessments. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39 (1), 63-77. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2006.7-05.
- Roscoe, E. M., & Fisher, W. W. (2008). Evaluation of an efficient method for training staff to implement stimulus preference assessment . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41, 249-254, doi:10.1901/jaba.2008.41-249.
- Rush, K. S., Mortenson, B. P., & Birch, S. E. (2010). Evaluation of preference assessment procedures for use with infants and toddlers. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6(1), 1-15.
- Sarokoff, R.A. & Sturmey, P. (2004). The effects of behavioral skills training on staff implementation of discrete-trial teaching. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37 (4), 535-538, doi: 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-535.
- Scheeler, M. C., Ruhl, K. L., & McAfee, J. K. (2004). Providing performance feedback to teachers: A review. Teacher Education and Special Education, 27, 396-407. doi:10.1177/088840640402700407
- Tekin-İftar, E. (2012). Çoklu başlama düzeyi modelleri. E. Tekin-İftar (Ed.). Eğitim ve Davranış Bilimlerinde Tek-Denekli Araştırmalar içinde (s.181-216). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları
- Turhan, C., Ünal, F. ve Toper-Korkmaz, Ö. (2018). Özel eğitim alanında çalışan öğretmenlere sistematik pekiştireç değerlendirmeyönteminin öğretimi. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4 (1), 79-106.