OMPREHENDING THE CONCEPT OF MIXED METHODS RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Öz

Research questions are one of the basic elements that guide a scientific study as they determine the method, design, and analyses to be applied. Therefore, research questions and research paradigm are expected to be parallel. The problems encountered in preparing research questions in quantitative and qualitative methods become more apparent in mixed methods that require using both methods together. The aim of this study is to present the basics of the research questions of mixed method research, which is preferred to ensure validity and reliability in social sciences research. In the study, which was prepared with the literature review method, it was tried to reveal the basic features of mixed method research questions through an in-depth examination. At this point, the study defines the main components of mixed method research questions, presents examples, and explains how to conduct mixed method research. It is expected that this study will provide guidance for the effective use of more advanced approaches in future research applications by revealing the role of mixed methods research questions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mixed method
• quantitative method
• qualitative method
• research question

KARMA YÖNTEM ARAŞTIRMA SORULARININ DOĞASINI KEŞFETMEK

Öz

Araştırma soruları, araştırmanın yöntemini, desenini ve uygulanacak analizleri belirlediği için bilimsel bir çalışmaya yön veren temel unsurlardan biridir. Bu nedenle araştırma soruları ve araştırma paradigmasının paralel olması beklenir. Nicel ve nitel yöntemlerde araştırma sorusu hazırlama konusunda karşılaşılan sorunlar her iki yöntemi birlikte kullanmayı gerektiren karma yöntemlerde daha belirgin hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal bilimler araştırmalarında geçerlik ve güvenirlik sağlamak amacıyla tercih edilen karma yöntem araştırmasının araştırma sorularının temellerini sunmaktır. Literatür taraması yöntemi ile hazırlanan çalışmada, derinlemesine bir inceleme yoluyla karma yöntem araştırma sorularının temel özellikleri ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu noktada çalışma, karma yöntem araştırma sorularının ana bileşenlerini tanımlanmış, örnekler sunulmuş ve karma yöntem araştırmasının nasıl yürütüleceği açıklanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın, gelecekteki araştırma uygulamalarında daha ileri düzey yaklaşımların etkin kullanılması için karma yöntem araştırma sorularının rolünü ortaya koyarak rehberlik etmesi beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karma yöntem
• nicel yöntem
• nitel yöntem
• araştırma sorusu

Kaynakça

1. Aydın-Çakır, A. ve Türkeş-Kılıç, S. (2021). Bilimsel Çalışmalarda Karma Yöntem Nasıl Kullanılır?, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 42 (1).
2. Bryman, A. (2007). The Research Question in Social Research: What is its Role?, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10:1, 5-20, DOI: 10.1080/13645570600655282
3. Craib, I. & Benton, T. (2008). Sosyal bilim felsefesi: toplumsal düşüncenin temelleri. Ü. Tatlıcan, & B. Binay, (Çev.), Bursa: Sentez Yayınları.
4. Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
5. Creswell, J. W. (2015). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications.
6. Creswell, J., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Understanding mixed methods research. In J. Creswell (Ed.), Designing and conducting mixed methods research (pp. 1-19). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
7. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
8. Creswell, J., W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed). SAGE Publications

9. Creswell, J., W. Plano Clark, V. L, Gutman, ML, Hanson, WE (2003) Advanced mixed methods research designs. In: Tashakkori, A, Teddlie, C (eds), Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 209–240 D enzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
10. Doyle, L., Brady, A.‑M., & Byrne, G. (2009). An overview of mixed methods research, Journal of Research in Nursing. 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987108093962
11. DuPre, D., P. (2013). Searching, Sketching, Plotting, Editor(s): D’Michelle P. DuPre, Homicide Investigation Field Guide, Academic Press, Pages 121-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410403-7.00006-6.
12. Fetters, M. D. (2018). Six Equations to Help Conceptualize the Field of Mixed Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 12(3), 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689818779433
13. George, T. (2022, December 02). Mixed Methods Research | Definition, Guide & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved February 5, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/mixed-methods-research/
14. Greene, J. C. (2015). Preserving distinctions within the multimethod and mixed methods research merger. In: Hesse-Biber, S.N., Johnson, R.B. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Multimethod and Mixed Methods Research Inquiry, pp. 606–615. Oxford University Press, Oxford
15. Greene, J.C., & Caracelli, V.J. (1997). Defining and describing the paradigm issue in mixed-method evaluation. New Directions for Evaluation, 74, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.1068
16. Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixedmethod evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3): 255–274
17. Grünberg, T. (2019). Epistemik mantık üzerine, Ş. Öztürk, (Çev.), İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları
18. Heath, L. (2001). Triangulation: Methodology, Editor(s): Neil J. Smelser, Paul B. Baltes, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Pergamon, Pages 15901-15906,https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/00711-7.
19. Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2010). Mixed methods research: Merging theory with practice. Guilford Press.
20. Holstein, J.A. and Gubrium, J.F. (1997) Active Interviewing. In: Silverman, D., Ed., Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice, Sage, London, 113-129.
21. Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806298224
22. Lavelle, E., Vuk, J. & Barber, C. (2013) Twelve tips for getting started using mixed methods in medical education research. Medical Teacher, 35, 272-276.
23. Mark, M. M. (2015) Mixed and multimethods in predominantly quantitative studies, especially experiments and quasi-experiments. In: Hesse-Biber, S.N., Johnson, R.B. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Multimethod and Mixed Methods Research Inquiry, pp. 21–41. Oxford University Press, Oxford
24. Nair, S. S., & Prem, S. S. (2020). A Framework for Mixed-method Research. International Journal of Management, 8(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.34293/management.v8i2.3220
25. Plano Clark, V., L. (2019). Meaningful integration within mixed methods studies: Identifying why, what, when, and how, Contemporary Educational Psychology, 57. 106-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.01.007.
26. Teddlie, C., & Johnson, R. B. (2009). Methodological thought before the 20th century. In C. Teddlie & A. Tashakkori (Eds.), Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
27. Toraman, S. (2021). Karma yöntemler araştırması: Kısa tarihi, tanımı, bakış açıları ve temel kavramlar. Nitel Sosyal Bilimler, 3(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.47105/nsb.847688
28. Wald, A. (2014). Triangulation and validity of network data. In S. Dominguez & B. Hollstein (Eds.), Mixed methods social networks research (1st ed., pp. 65–83). Cambridge University Press.
29. Yıldırım., A., Şimşek., H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (2. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık