TÜRKİYE BAĞLAMINDA DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK: BİR YAŞAM ÖYKÜSÜ ANALİZİ

Öz

Öz Dönüşümcü liderlik, idealleştirilmiş etki, ilham, zihinsel uyarım ve bireyselleştirilmiş ilgi yoluyla liderin takipçilerini ileriye taşımasını ifade eder. Örgütsel davranış alanında yapılan araştırmalar, dönüşümcü liderliğin birey grup ve örgüt düzeyinde olumlu etkilerini göstermiştir. Bu araştırma, dönüşümcü liderliğin Türkiye bağlamında bireysel ve davranışsal göstergelerine Fırat Demirel tarafından kaleme alınan Türkiye’nin başarılı üst düzey yöneticilerinden Süreyya Ciliv’in yaşam öyküsü vasıtasıyla ulaşmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi yapılarak veri öncelikle kodlanmış daha sonra kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, dönüşümcü liderliğin beş boyutuna dair göstergelere ulaşılmıştır. Ciliv’in liderliğinde lham verici motivasyon ve atfedilen ideal etkinin en belirgin özellikler olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte ülkenin kalkınmasına katkıda bulunmak, risk almak, mücadeleci olmak, girişimcilik ve ailenin olumlu etkisi liderlik gelişimine katkıda bulunan önemli göstergeler olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dönüşümcü liderlik
• Yaşam öyküsü incelemesi
• İlham verici motivasyon
• İdeal etki

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok.

Proje Numarası

Yok.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmada döküman incelemesi yapılmış ve veri olarak “Fırat Demirel'e ait “Global iş dünyasında sıradışı bir lider” isimli eser kullanılmıştır. Veri yayımlanmış bir eser olduğundan etik kurul izni gerektirmeyen araştırmalar kapsamında yer aldığını beyan ederim.

Teşekkür

Yok.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE TURKISH CONTEXT: A BIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Öz

Transformational leadership refers to the leader moving the followers beyond through idealized influence, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Research in the field of organizational behavior has demonstrated the positive effects of transformational leadership at the individual, group and organizational levels. This research aims to reach the personal and behavioral indicators of transformational leadership in the context of Turkey through the life story of Süreyya Ciliv, one of Turkey's successful upper level managers, written by Fırat Demirel. In this study, qualitative research methods were utilized. Content analysis was performed and the data were first coded and then categories were inferred. As a result of the research, indicators of the five dimensions of transformational leadership were obtained. Inspirational motivation and the idealized influence attributed to Ciliv's leadership were seen to be the most prominent features. In addition, contributing to the development of the country, taking risks, resilience, entrepreneurship and the positive impact of the family have been determined to be important indicators that contribute to leadership development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transformational leadership
• Biographical analysis
• Inspirational motivation
• Idealized influence

Proje Numarası

Yok.

Kaynakça

1. Afshari, L. (2022). “Idealized influence and commitment: a granular approach in understanding leadership”, Personnel Review, 51(2), 805-822.
2. Akdoğan, E. (2002). Öğretim elemanlarının algıladıkları liderlik stilleri ile iş doyum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Universitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye.
3. Ameen, A., Alshamsi, S., Isaac, O., Gazem, N. A., & Mohammed, F. (2021). Impact of inspirational motivation on organizational innovation (Administrative innovation, process innovation, and product innovation). In Advances on Smart and Soft Computing: Proceedings of ICACIn 2020 (pp. 613-623). Springer Singapore.
4. Arastaman, G., Fidan, İ. Ö., & Fidan, T. (2018). Nitel araştırmada geçerlik ve güvenirlik: Kuramsal bir inceleme. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 37-75.
5. Arenas, F. J., Connelly, D. ve Williams, M. D. (2017). The Full Range Leadership Model. In Developing Your Full Range of Leadership: Leveraging a Transformational Approach. Air University Press, 11–36. Elde edilme tarihi: 5 Mayıs 2024. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep13849.15.
6. Arnold, K. A., Loughlin, C. ve Walsh, M. M. (2016). “Transformational leadership in an extreme context: Examining gender, individual consideration and self-sacrifice”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(6), 774-788.
7. Arslan, E. (2022). “Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 51(1), 395-407.
8. Avolio, B. J. ve Bass, B. M. (1995). “Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership”, The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.

9. Avolio, B. J. ve Bass, B. M. (2002). Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire (Form 5X). Redwood City, CA: Mindgarden.
10. Bailey, K. D. (1982). Methods of social research (2. Baskı). New York: The Free Press
11. Bass, B. M. (1960). Leadership, psychology, and organizational behavior. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
12. Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership And Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: FreePress.
13. Bass, B. M. ve Avolio, B. J. (1990). Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond. Journal of European industrial training, 14(5).
14. Bass, B. M. ve Avolio, B. J. (1993). “Transformational leadership and organizational culture”, Public Administration Quarterly, 112-121.
15. Bass, B. M. ve Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications: USA
16. Bass, B. M. ve Avolio, B. J. (1997). Revised manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Palo Alto: Mind Garden
17. Bass, B. (1999). “Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership”. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32.
18. Bass, B. M. ve Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
19. Bass, B. M. ve Steidlmeier, P. (1999). “Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior”, The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 181-217.
20. Bolkan, Goodboy ve Griffin (2011). “Teacher Leadership and Intellectual Stimulation: Improving Students' Approaches to Studying through Intrinsic Motivation”, Communication Research Reports, 28(4), 337-346.
21. Bono, J. E. ve Judge, T. A. (2004). “Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: a meta- analysis”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 901-910.
22. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
23. Crede, M., Jong, J. ve Harms, P. (2019). “The generalizability of transformational leadership across cultures: A meta-analysis”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34(3), 139-155.
24. Deng, C., Gulseren, D., Isola, C., Grocutt, K. ve Turner, N. (2023). “Transformational leadership effectiveness: an evidence-based primer”, Human Resource Development International, 26(5), 627-641
25. Densten, I. L. (2002). “Clarifying inspirational motivation and its relationship to extra effort”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(1), 40-44.
26. Doğan, S. (1999). Yöneticilik ve vizyona dayalı liderlik. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi.
27. Dong, Y., Bartol, K. M., Zhang, Z. X. ve Li, C. (2017). “Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual‐focused transformational leadership”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(3), 439-458.
28. Ercan, Ü. ve Sığrı, Ü. (2015). Kültürel Değerlerin Liderlik Özelliklerine Etkisi: Türk ve Amerikalı Yöneticiler Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 48(3).
29. Erdoğmuş, N. ve Esen, E. (2018). “Constructing the CEO personal brand: The case of four pioneering CEOs in Turkey”, Corporate Reputation Review, 21, 37-49.
30. Ertac, S. ve Gurdal, M. Y. (2012). Deciding to decide: Gender, leadership and risk-taking in groups. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 83(1), 24-30.
31. Garraty, J. A. (1957). The nature of biography. The Centennial Review of Arts & Science, 1(2), 123-141.
32. Gomes, A.R. (2014). “Transformational leadership: Theory, research, and application to sports”. Contemporary topics and trends in the psychology of sports (53-114). (Ed: C. Mohiyeddini) Nova Science Publishers, New York.
33. Gregory, J. B. ve Levy, P. E. (2011). “It's not me, it's you: A multilevel examination of variables that impact employee coaching relationships”, Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 63(2), 67.
34. Hailey, D. J. ve Fazio-Brunson, M. (2020). Leadership in the early childhood years: Opportunities for young leadership development in rural communities. Theory & Practice in Rural Education, 10(1), 6-23.
35. Hiller, N. J., DeChurch, L. A., Murase, T., & Doty, D. (2011). Searching for outcomes of leadership: A 25-year review. Journal of management, 37(4), 1137-1177.
36. Hisrich, R. D. ve Peters, M. P. (2002). Entrepreneurship (5. Basım). New York: McGraw-Hill.
37. Holbeche, L. (2020). “Liderlik, iletişim ve örgütsel etkinlik” . Bölüm 5, s.127-153. Çev. Akpınar, A. T. Arvinen- Muondo, R. ve Perkins, S. (2020). Örgütsel Davranış İnsan, Süreç, İş ve İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi. Çev. Ed. Ayşe Küçük Yılmaz. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
38. House, J. S. Work stress and social support Reading, MA Addison-Wesley Publishing 1981.
39. House, R.J., Hanges, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W. ve Gupta, V. (Ed.), (2004). Culture, Leadership and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
40. Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R. ve Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). “Personality and leadership: a qualitative and quantitative review”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 765.
41. Kalish, Y. ve Luria, G. (2021). “Traits and time in leadership emergence: A longitudinal study”, The Leadership Quarterly, 32(2), 101443.
42. Karataş, Z. (2017). “Sosyal bilim araştırmalarında paradigma değişimi: Nitel yaklaşımın yükselişi”, Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 68-86.
43. Kariuki, J. K. (2021). Idealized influence and inspirational motivation in a microfinance context: Review of literature. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(Special Issue 2021), 120-140.
44. Khan, I. U., Amin, R. U. ve Saif, N. (2022). “Individualized consideration and idealized influence of transformational leadership: Mediating role of inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation”, International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-11.
45. Kimeto, A. C., K’Aol, G. O. ve Njenga, K. (2017). “The influence of idealized influence and individualized consideration on organizational commitment in commercial banks in Kenya”, American Journal of Leadership and Governance, 1(2), 39-62.
46. Krishnan, V. R. (2005). “Leader-member exchange, transformational leadership, and value system”. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 10(1), 14-21.
47. Koh, C., Fernando, M., & Spedding, T. (2018). Exercising responsible leadership in a Singapore context. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(1), 34-50.
48. Liu, Z., Riggio, R. E., Day, D. V., Zheng, C., Dai, S. ve Bian, Y. (2019). Leader development begins at home: Overparenting harms adolescent leader emergence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(10), 1226.
49. Koveshnikov, A. ve Ehrnrooth, M. (2018). “The cross-cultural variation of the effects of transformational leadership behaviors on followers’ organizational identification: The case of idealized influence and individualized consideration in Finland and Russia”, Management and Organization Review, 14(4), 747- 779.
50. Lashari, R. ve Rana, A. H. (2018). “The impact of transformational leadership and social interaction on organizational performance in the viewpoint of knowledge management: an empirical study in banking sector of Pakistan”. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7, 383-397.
51. Loon, M., Mee Lim, Y., Heang Lee, T. ve Lian Tam, C. (2012). “Transformational leadership and job‐related learning”. Management Research Review, 35(3/4), 192-205.
52. Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695–706.
53. Martínez-Córcoles, M., Stephanou, K. D. ve Schöbel, M. (2020). “Exploring the effects of leaders’ individualized consideration in extreme contexts”, Journal of Risk Research, 23(2), 167-180.
54. Malik, P. ve Malik, P. (2023, August). “Making Generation Y employees want to stick to their jobs: the roles of individualized consideration transformational leadership, occupational self-efficacy, and personal growth initiative”, Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 11(3), 295-314). Emerald Publishing Limited.
55. Mayer, D. M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R. L. ve Kuenzi, M. (2012). “Who displays ethical leadership, and why does it matter? An examination of antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership”. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 151-171.
56. McShane, S. ve Glinow, M. A. V. (2016). “Örgütsel Ortamda Liderlik”, Örgütsel Davranış, Bölüm 11, 213-231. Çev. Çetinkaya, N. I. (çev. A. Günsel & S.Bozkurt ). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, İstanbul
57. Ng, T. W. (2017). Transformational leadership and performance outcomes: Analyses of multiple mediation pathways. The leadership quarterly, 28(3), 385-417.
58. Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and Practice. Sage publications, CA.
59. Ogola, M., Sikalieh, D. ve Linge, T. (2017). “The influence of idealized influence leadership behavior on employee performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya”, European International Journal of Science and Technology, 6(3), 47-62.
60. Olsen, O. K., Eid, J. ve Johnsen, B. H. (2006). “Moral behavior and transformational leadership in Norwegian naval cadets”, Military Psychology, 18(sup1), S37-S56.
61. Otieno, C. D., Linge, T. ve Sikalieh, D. (2019). “Influence of intellectual stimualtion on employee engagement in parastatals in the energy sector in Kenya”, International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 8(6), 148-161.
62. Özbolat, G. (2023). “Türkiye’de Girişimci Liderlik: Ahmet Mukdat Ziylan’ın Bir Kooperatifçilik Hikayesi Analizi”. Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 5(1), 56-71.
63. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H. ve Fetter, R. (1990). “Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors”. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
64. Polat, M., Yalçın, S. ve Köroğlu, M. (2024).Dönüşümcü liderlik, örgütsel sinizm ve örgütsel iletişim arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (71), 177- 204.
65. Porsuk, D. ve Yiğit, K. C. (2019). “Otantik liderlik bağlamında Sakıp Sabancı’nın liderliği üzerine bir inceleme”. 4. Uluslararası işletme öğrencileri konferansı, 96-104.
66. Rafferty, A. E. ve Griffin, M. A. (2004). “Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions”. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), 329-354.
67. Rafferty, A. E. ve Griffin, M. A. (2006). “Refining individualized consideration: Distinguishing developmental leadershipand supportive leadership”. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 79(1), 37- 61.
68. Robbins, S.R. ve Judge, T. A. (2020). “Liderlik”, Bölüm 12, 186-206, Örgütsel Davranışın Temelleri (Çev Ed: Erdem Artan, İ. & Eser, G. Trans). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, İstanbul
69. Rupar, M., Jamróz‐Dolińska, K., Kołeczek, M., & Sekerdej, M. (2021). Is patriotism helpful to fight the crisis? The role of constructive patriotism, conventional patriotism, and glorification amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. European Journal of Social Psychology, 51(6), 862-877.
70. Sandvik, A. M., Croucher, R., Espedal, B. ve Selart, M. (2018). “Intellectual stimulation and team creative climate in a professional service firm”. Evidence-Based HRM: a global forum for empirical scholarship, 6(1), 39- 53). Emerald Publishing Limited.
71. Schein, E.H. (2004) Organizational Culture and Leadership, Vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons, San Francisco.
72. Searle, G. D., & Hanrahan, S. J. (2011). “Leading to inspire others: charismatic influence or hard work?”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(7), 736-754.
73. Sığrı, Ü. (2021). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Beta Yayınevi:İstanbul.
74. Shin, M. ve Bolkan, S. (2021). “Intellectually stimulating students’ intrinsic motivation: the mediating influence of student engagement, self-efficacy, and student academic support”, Communication Education, 70(2), 146-164.
75. Shin, S.J. ve Zhou, J. (2003) “Transformational leadership, conservation, and creativity: evidence from Korea”, Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), 703-714.
76. Suhana, S., Ssuharnomo, S,.Mas’ud, F ve Mansyur, A. (2024). “Mejorando el intercambio de conocimientos a través de colaboraciones basadas en la confianza y liderazgo transformacional”, Revista De Métodos Cuantitativos Para La Economía Y La Empresa, 37, 1-19.
77. Taylor, M. Z. ve Wilson, S. (2012). “Does culture still matter?: The effects of individualism on national innovation rates”, Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2), 234-247.
78. Uysal, G. Ve Shıbu, A. (2020). Kobilerde örgütsel yenilik ve örgütsel yaratıcılık stratejileri: Dönüşümcü liderlik etkisi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 41-49.
79. Vatansever, Ç. (2017). “Bir Oto-Biyografi Üzerinden Otantik Liderliği Yorumlamak: Turgut Uzer’in Olymp ve Faniler Kitabı”. Yönetim ve Organizasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 43-68.
80. Wang, Z., Li, C., & Li, X. (2017). Resilience, leadership and work engagement: The mediating role of positive affect. Social Indicators Research, 132, 699-708.
81. Xiaoxia, P. ve Jing, W., (2006). Transformational leadership vs transactional leadership: The influence of gender and culture on leadership styles of SMEs in China and Sweden (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Kristianstad Üniversitesi.
82. Yavuz, E. (2009). “İşgörenlerin Dönüşümcü Liderlik ve Örgütsel Bağlilik İle İlgili Tutumlarina Yönelik Bir Araştirma”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 51-69.
83. Yukl, G., O'Donnell, M. ve Taber, T. (2009). “Influence of leader behaviors on the leader‐member exchange relationship”. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(4), 289-299.
84. Zacher, H., Pearce, L. K., Rooney, D., & McKenna, B. (2014). “Leaders’ personal wisdom and leader–member exchange quality: The role of individualized consideration”, Journal of Business Ethics, 121, 171-187.
85. Zdaniuk, A. ve Bobocel, D. R. (2015). “The role of idealized influence leadership in promoting workplace forgiveness”. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 863-877.