Beden İmgesi ve İlişkili Psikolojik Kavramlar Üzerine Sistematik Bir Derleme: Etnik Köken Önemli midir?

Öz

Alanyazında sıklıkla çalışılan güncel konulardan biri olan beden imajı, kişinin kendi bedenine yönelik tutumları olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu sistematik derleme etnik köken ve beden imajı arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen çalışmaları gözden geçirmeyi amaçlamıştır. EBSCO, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, PsycARTICLES ve DergiPark aracılığıyla yapılan ilk alanyazın taramasında toplam 795 çalışma bulunmuştur. Çalışmaya dahil etme kriteri 2010-2021 yılları arasında İngilizce veya Türkçe yazılmış tam metin çalışmalar iken, tarama sürecinde makale formatında olmayan, araştırma odağıyla ilgili olmayan, nitel bir yöntem kullanan ve kültürler arası etnik farklılıklara önem vermeyen çalışmalar derlemeye dahil edilmemiştir. Tarama sonucunda elde edilen 12 çalışma PRISMA kriterlerine göre rapor edilmiştir. Sonuçlara bakıldığında, 6 çalışmaya göre kolektivist toplumlarda yaşayan bireylerin, 3 çalışmaya göre ise bireysel toplumlarda yaşayanların beden memnuniyetsizliğinin daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmaların yanı sıra, 1 çalışma sadece kolektivist toplumları karşılaştırmıştır. Ayrıca incelenen 1 çalışmada belirli bir kültüre yönelik farklılıklara dair nihai bir sonuca varılamamışken, 1 çalışmada da bireylerin beden algısında herhangi bir etnik farklılık bulunmamıştır. Derlenen çalışmaların bulgularına genel olarak bakıldığında, kolektivist toplumlarda yaşayan bireylerin beden memnuniyetsizliğinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, ortaya çıkan bulgulara göre kadınlar erkeklerden daha fazla beden memnuniyetsizliği yaşamaktadırlar. Ancak Asya kültürlerinde erkekler batı kültürüne kıyasla daha zayıf beden imajına sahiptirler. Ek olarak, beden imajı ile ilgili ortaya çıkan etnik farklılıklar akran ilişkilerinden etkilenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• beden memnuniyetsizliği
• etnik grup
• sistematik derleme
• beden imajı

A Systematic Review of Body Image and Related Psychological Concepts: Does Ethnicity Matter?

Abstract

Body image is defined as one’s own attitudes toward own body, and it is one of the current topics examined in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate and systematically review studies about the relationship between ethnicity and body image. A total of 795 studies were found in the initial literature search through EBSCO, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, PsycARTICLES, and DergiPark. Full-text studies written in English and Turkish from 2010 to 2021 were included in the study. During the screening period, studies were excluded that were not in article format, were not relevant to the study focus, used a qualitative method, and showed no importance to the ethnic differences across cultures. After the screening period, 12 studies were selected and reported through PRISMA criteria. Results revealed that 6 studies showed that people from collectivistic cultures showed higher body dissatisfaction; 3 studies showed that people from individualistic cultures showed higher body dissatisfaction; 1 study compared only collectivistic cultures; 1 study did not show conclusive differences toward one culture and 1 study did not find any ethnic differences. General direction of the studies indicated that people from collectivistic cultures have higher body dissatisfaction. Moreover, overall findings suggested that females have more body dissatisfaction than males. However, in Asian cultures males have poorer body images than males from Western cultures. In addition, ethnic differences in body image are influenced by peer-relationship.

Keywords

• body image
• body dissatisfaction
• ethnic groups
• systematic review
• culture

Kaynakça

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