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21. Yüzyılda Çocukları ve Gençleri Bekleyen Siber Riskler

Yıl 2022, , 29 - 37, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.896800

Öz

Çağımızda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin hızlı gelişmesiyle birlikte dijital iletişim araçları olarak tanımlanan akıllı telefon, tablet, bilgisayar ve internet günlük yaşamımızın vazgeçilmezleri haline gelmiştir. Çocuk ve gençler, yetişkinlere kıyasla bu dijitalleşmeye daha çabuk uyum sağlayarak kullanım sıklığında yüksek bir seviyeye ulaşmışlardır. Dijitalleşme, çocuk ve gençlere öğrenme fırsatlarını genişletme, bilgiye ulaşma, kendilerini ifade etme, aile/arkadaşlıkla sosyal bağları devam ettirme için özgürleştirici bir yol sunarken, aynı zamanda dijital ortamın tehlikeli ve karanlık tarafıyla da karşı karşıya bırakmaktadır. Bu makale ile dijital uygulamaların çocuk ve gençler için ne tür riskler içerdiğini, bu uygulamalar üzerinden zorbalık ve mağduriyetle sonuçlanan siber risklerin neler olduğunu ve bu risklere maruz kalmanın ruh sağlığına etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Makalenin ebeveynler, eğitimciler ve ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının farkındalıklarının artmasına; çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığını koruyucu ve önleyici yaklaşımların geliştirilerek uygulanmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

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Cyber Risks Awaiting Children and Young People in the 21st Century

Yıl 2022, , 29 - 37, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.896800

Öz

Nowadays, with the rapid development of information and communication technologies, smart phones, tablets, computers and the Internet, which are defined as digital media tools, have become indispensable and essential tools in our daily life practices. Children and young people have adapted themselves to this digitalization period more quickly than adults, and perform a high level of frequency of use. While digitalization offers children and young people a liberating way to expand their learning opportunities, access information, express themselves, and maintain social connections with family/friends, it also poses threats coming from the dangerous and dark side of the digital environment. The present study aims to examine the risks of digital applications for children and young people, what the cyber risks that result in bullying and victimization are, and the effects of exposure to these cyber risks on mental health. Raising the awareness of parents, educators and mental health professionals will contribute to develop and apply the protective and preventive mental health approaches for children and young people.

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  • 76-Özdemı̇r B, Yıldırım G (2019). Dijitalleşen ı̇letişim ortamlarında kimlik ı̇nşası ve benlik sunumu: İletişim fakültesi öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma, Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergisi, 3(3):178-191.
  • 77-Quintana-Orts C, Rey L, Neto F (2020). Beyond cyberbullying: Investigating when and how cybervictimization predicts suicidal ideation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520913640
  • 78-Paat YF, Markham C, Peskin M (2019). Psycho-emotional violence, its association, co-occurrence, and bidirectionality with cyber, physical and sexual violence. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 13:365-380. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-019-00283-z
  • 79-Paat YF, Markham C, Peskin M (2020). Digital crime, trauma, and abuse: Internet safety and cyber risks for adolescents and emerging adults in the 21st century. Social Work in Mental Health, 1-23. http://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2020.1845281
  • 80-Patchin JW, Hinduja S (2020). Sextortion among adolescents: Results from a national survey of U.S. youth. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 32(1):30–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063218800469
  • 81-Peebles E (2014). Cyberbullying: Hiding behind the screen. Paediatrics & Child Health, 19(10):527–528. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/19.10.527
  • 82-Pereira F, Spitzberg B, Matos M (2016). Cyber-harassment victimization in Portugal: Prevalence, fear and help-seeking among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 62: 136-146.
  • 83-Peters S, Salzieder H (2018). What makes you swipe right?: Gender similarity in interpersonal attraction in a simulated online dating context. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 23(4):320–330. https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.4.320
  • 84-Phillips O (2018). The App That Exposes Teens to Catcalls and Harassment. https://onezero.medium.com/the-app-that-exposes-teens-to-catcalls-and-harassment-tiktok-musically-d98be52c6ff1 (14.03.2021’de ulaşıldı).
  • 85-Powell A, Henry N, Flynn A, Scott AJ (2019). Image-based sexual abuse: The extent, nature, and predictors of perpetration in a community sample of Australian adults. Advance online publication. Computers in Human Behavior, 92: 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.009
  • 86-Przbylski AK, Deci EL, Rigby CS, Ryan RM. (2014). Competence-impeding electronic games and players’ aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. J Pers Soc Psychol, 106(3):441–457. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034820.
  • 87-Roth PL, Bobko P, Van Iddekinge CH, Thatcher JB. (2016). Social media in employee-selection-related decisions: A research agenda for uncharted territory. Journal of Management, 42(1):269–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313503018
  • 88-Reed LA, Tolman RM, Ward LM. (2017). Gender matters: Experiences and consequences of digital dating abuse victimization in adolescent dating relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 59:79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.015
  • 89-Reed LA, Ward LM, Tolman RM, Lippman JR, Seabrook RC (2018). The association between stereotypical gender and dating beliefs and digital dating abuse perpetration in adolescent dating relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518801933
  • 90-Reyns BW, Burek MW, Henson B, Fisher BS (2013). The unintended consequences of digital technology: Exploring the relationship between sexting and cybervictimization. Journal of Crime and Justice, 36(1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2011.641816
  • 91-Ross JM, Drouin M, Coupe A (2019). Sexting coercion as a component of intimate partner polyvictimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(11):2269–2291. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516660300
  • 92-Sabella RA, Patchin JW, Hinduja S (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6):2703–2711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.040
  • 93-Samur Y. (2019). Yeni Bildiriminiz Var, İstanbul, Nemesis Yayınları.
  • 94-Schulz A, Bergen E, Schuhmann P, Hoyer J, Santtila P (2016). Online sexual solicitation of minors: How often and between whom does it occur? Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 53(2): 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427815599426
  • 95-Schleifer J, Letter AB (2018). “Just one more turn!” Why kids love video games and why adults worry about them. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Letter, 34(9):1–6.
  • 96-Semenza DC (2019). Gender differences in the victim-offender relationship for on-and-offline youth violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519864358
  • 97-Shaari AH, Kamaluddin MR, Fauzi WFP, Mohd M (2019). Online-dating romance scam in Malaysia: An analysis of online conversations between scammers and victims. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 19(1): 97–115. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2019-1901-06
  • 98-Skilbred-Fjeld S, Reme SE, Mossige S (2020). Cyberbullying involvement and mental health problems among late adolescents. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2020-1-5
  • 100-Slonje R., Smith PK (2007). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49:147-154.
  • 101-Springston KM (2017). Gender differences in participation in and motivations for sexting:The effects of gender role attitudes, masculinity, and femininity. Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research, 3(9):142-157.
  • 102-Subrahmanyam K, Greenfield P (2008). Online communication and adolescent relationships. The Future of Children, 18(1):119-146.
  • 103-Sussman CJ, Harper JM, Stahl JL, Weigle P (2017). Internet and video game addictions: Diagnosis, epidemiology, and neurobiology. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 27(2): 307– 326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.015.
  • 104-Sütlüoğlu T (2015). Sosyal paylaşım ağlarında gençlerin sosyalleşme ve kimlik inşası süreçleri: Facebook örneği. Folklor/Edebiyat, (83):125-147.
  • 105-Stonard KE (2020). “Technology was designed for this”: Adolescents’ perceptions of the role and impact of the use of technology in cyber dating violence. Computers in Human Behavior, 105, 106211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106211
  • 106-Toker O (2021). Sokakta karşılaştığın yabancı ile internette tanıştığın yabancı aynı değil! https//www.orhantoker.com
  • 107-Topan A, Kuzlu Ayyıldız T, Özsavran M, Mutlu B. (2020). İlkokul öğrencilerinin bilgisayar, internet kullanımı ve bilgisayar oyunları hakkındaki düşünceleri. Çocuk Dergisi, 20 (1):20-26.
  • 108-Tynes B, Giang M (2009). Online victimization, depression and anxiety among adolescents in the us. European Psychiatry, 24(S1):1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(09)70919-8
  • 109-Turgut YE, Kursun E (2020). Mobile internet experiences of the children in Turkey and European countries: A comparative analysis of internet access, use, activities, skills and risks. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 88:225-248. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2020.88.10
  • 110-Tzani-Pepelasi C, Ioannou M, Synnott J, Ashton S (2018). Comparing factors related to school-bullying and cyber-bullying. Crime Psychology Review, 4(1):1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744006.2018.1474029
  • 111-Üstündağ, A (2020). Çocukların sosyal medya kullanım durumları ve sosyal medyanın çocukların duygu durumları üzerine etkisi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6 (2):286-302.
  • 112-Van Ouytsel J, Torres E, Choi HJ, Ponnet K, Walrave M, Temple JR (2017). The associations between substance use, sexual behaviors, bullying, deviant behaviors, health, and cyber dating abuse perpetration. The Journal of School Nursing, 33(2):116–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840516683229
  • 113-Vanman E (2018). We asked catfish why they trick people online—It’s not about money. https://phys.org/news/2018-07-catfish-people-onlineit-money.html (02.03.2021’de ulaşıldı)
  • 114-Vogels EA (2020). 10 facts about Americans and online dating. Pew Research. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/02/06/10-facts-about-americans-and-online-dating/ (01.03.2021’de ulaşıldı)
  • 115-Wachs S, Wright, MF (2019). Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 104:300-306.http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0551
  • 116-Wachs, S, Gámez-Guadix, M, Wright, M.F, Görzig, A, Schubarth, W (2020). “How do adolescents cope with cyberhate? Psycho-metric properties and socio-demographic differences of a coping with cyber-hate scale“. Computers in Human Behavior 104: 106167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104026
  • 117-Wachs MC, Wright MF, Flora K, Daskalou V, Maziridou E, Kwon Y et al. (2021). “DNT LET ’EM H8 U!”: Applying the routine activity framework to understand cyberhate victimization among adolescents across eight countries, Computers & Education, 160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104026.
  • 118-Wang WC (2019). Exploring the relationship among free-time management, leisure boredom, and ınternet addiction in undergraduates in Taiwan. Psychological Reports, 122(5): 1651–1665. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118789034
  • 119-Wearesocial, Hootsuite (2020). Digital In 2020 Global Overview. https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media https://www.hootsuite.com/resources/digital-2020 (09.03.2021’nde ulaşıldı)
  • 120-Weimann G, Masri N (2020) Research note: Spreading hate on tiktok, studies in conflict & terrorism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1780027 Weisskirch RS, Delevi R (2011). “Sexting” and adult romantic attachment. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5):1697–1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.008
  • 121-Wittes B, Poplin C, Jurecic Q, Spera C (2016). Sextortion: Cybersecurity, teenagers, and remote sexual assault. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/sextortion1-1.pdf
  • 122-Wong-Lo M, Bullock LM, Gable RA (2011). Cyber bullying: Practices to face digital aggression. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 16(3), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2011.595098
  • 123-Wolak J, Finkelhor D (2016). Sextortion: Findings from a survey of 1631 victims. Crime Against Children Research Center. https://www.unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/Sextortion_RPT_FNL_rev0803.pdf
  • 124-Yaman F, Çubukcu PA, Küçükali M, Kabakçı Yurdakul I. (2020). Ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinin sosyal medya kullanımı ve dijital oyun oynama durumları. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (2):160-174.
  • 125-Yıldız S, Bektaş F. (2021). COVID-19 salgınının çocukların boş zaman etkinliklerinde yarattığı değişimin ebeveyn görüşleriyle değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 26 (1):99-122.
  • 126-Yücel V (2019). Zararlı dijital oyunlar ve çocuklar. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6 (7):340-353.
  • 127-Zweig J, Dank M, Yahner J, Lachman P (2013). The rate of cyber dating abuse among teens and how it relates to other forms of teen dating violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(7):1063–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9922
Toplam 126 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Seda Donat Bacıoğlu 0000-0001-9901-0601

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2022
Kabul Tarihi 17 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

AMA Donat Bacıoğlu S. 21. Yüzyılda Çocukları ve Gençleri Bekleyen Siber Riskler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Mart 2022;14(1):29-37. doi:10.18863/pgy.896800

Creative Commons Lisansı
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.