Hanse Kent Mirasında “Yaşayan Arşiv”: Stralsund Mönchstraße 38’in Mimari ve Restorasyon Analizi

Öz

Stralsund kent merkezindeki Mönchstraße 38 Müze Evi üzerine yapılan bu makale, yapının yedi yüzyılı aşan mimari, toplumsal ve kültürel evrimini bütüncül koruma perspektifiyle inceler. Çalışmanın amacı, yapının farklı dönemlere ait katmanlarını “yaşayan arşiv” kavramı doğrultusunda değerlendirerek, modern koruma pratiğinin kent belleği ve etik boyutlarını bilimsel temelde tartışmaktır. Mönchstraße 38’in, Hanse döneminden günümüze dek özgün strüktürel ve işlevsel niteliklerini koruyan bir örnek olarak, toplumsal ve mekânsal hafızanın sürekliliği bağlamında bilimsel ve toplumsal önemini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Makale kapsamında belgeleme, arşiv taraması, mekânsal ve strüktürel çözümleme, yerinde gözlem ve katmanlı okuma gibi yöntemler benimsenmiştir. 1996–1999 restorasyon sürecine ait proje raporları, müdahale öncesi-sonrası karşılaştırmaları, arkeolojik buluntular ve eski kent haritaları üzerinden kapsamlı bir değerlendirme sunulmuştur. Ayrıca Ruskin ve Brandi’nin koruma yaklaşımları karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Mönchstraße 38’in hem Hanseatik ticaretin mekânsal dokusunu hem de çağlar boyunca süregelen sosyal farklılaşma ve mimari değişimleri arşivsel doğrulukla taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Restorasyon yaklaşımı, dönemsel onarım yerine katmanların üst üste okunabildiği “yaşanmışlık arşivi” modelini öne çıkarmıştır. Üst katlarda yaşamsal işlev, alt katlarda üretim ve ticaretin yer aldığı tipolojik kurgu, toplumsal hiyerarşinin mimariye yansımasını açıkça göstermektedir. Mönchstraße 38 Müze Evi, “belleği koruma” ilkesini fiziksel bütünlükten ziyade anlatısal ve toplumsal süreklilik temelinde hayata geçiren özgün bir koruma modeli sunar. Disiplinler arası koruma, dijital belgeleme ve halk katılımını birleştiren bu yaklaşım, Almanya’daki çağdaş denkmalpflege paradigmasının örneği olarak, Stralsund’un kültürel hafızasının mekânsal manifestosuna dönüşmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dielenhaus
• restorasyon
• arkeoloj
• katmanlı koruma
• yaşayan arşiv

Living Archive in Hanseatic Urban Heritage: Architectural and Restoration Analysis of Stralsund’s Mönchstraße 38

Öz

This study examines the role of monument restorations in the construction of national identity during the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic, and investigates how the discourse of a “national architectural essence” shaped in this period continues to inform contemporary conservation debates. Focusing on the years 1920–1960, the research analyses selected monuments in Istanbul and Ankara, with particular emphasis on Topkapı Palace and several mosques and complexes that were central to the symbolic politics of the new regime. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative, historical–documentary approach, combining archival documents, council minutes, project reports, periodicals and historical photographs with stratified architectural reading of selected sites. The findings reveal that restoration decisions frequently privileged a canonised “classical” Ottoman–Sinan language while marginalising late Ottoman and hybrid layers through stylistic restoration and “cleaning” practices, thereby producing a hierarchical treatment of historical strata. This selective approach stands in clear tension with contemporary conservation principles that prioritise authenticity, integrity and multi-layered continuity. By tracing these tensions back to the early Republican period, the article provides a critical historical background for current debates on monument conservation in Turkey and argues that today’s discussions on authenticity and multi-layeredness cannot be fully understood without acknowledging the ideological legacy of early Republican restoration policies

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dielenhaus
• restoration
• archaeology
• layered conservation
• living archive

Kaynakça

1. Araoz, G. (2011). World heritage historic urban landscapes: Defining and protecting authenticity. APT Bulletin: The Journal of Preservation Technology, 42(2-3), 33-37. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25433949
2. Araoz, G. (2011). World heritage historic urban landscapes: Defining and protecting authenticity. APT Bulletin: The Journal of Preservation Technology, 42(2-3), 33-37. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25433949
3. Australia ICOMOS. (2013). The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS charter for places of cultural significance. Australia ICOMOS Incorporated.
4. Australia ICOMOS. (2013). The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS charter for places of cultural significance. Australia ICOMOS Incorporated.
5. Bandarin, F., & van Oers, R. (2012). The historic urban landscape: Managing heritage in an urban century. Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119968115
6. Bandarin, F., & van Oers, R. (2012). The historic urban landscape: Managing heritage in an urban century. Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119968115
7. Brandi, C. (1963/2005). Teoria del Restauro (Restorasyon Kuramı, Türkçeye çev.: Remzi Ülker & M. Yazıcıoğlu, 2005). Rom: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
8. Brandi, C. (1963/2005). Teoria del Restauro (Restorasyon Kuramı, Türkçeye çev.: Remzi Ülker & M. Yazıcıoğlu, 2005). Rom: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.

9. Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz. (1999). Museumshaus (Mönchstraße) – Ein Haus der Deutschen Stiftung Denkmalschutz. DSD Publikationen.
10. Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz. (1999). Museumshaus (Mönchstraße) – Ein Haus der Deutschen Stiftung Denkmalschutz. DSD Publikationen.
11. Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz. (2016). Im Zeichen der Veränderung – Das Museumshaus Mönchstraße 38 in Stralsund. Monumente Online. https://www.monumente-online.de adresinden alındı
12. Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz. (2016). Im Zeichen der Veränderung – Das Museumshaus Mönchstraße 38 in Stralsund. Monumente Online. https://www.monumente-online.de adresinden alındı
13. Dore, C., & Murphy, M. (2017). Current state of the art historic building information modelling. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W5, 185-192. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-185-2017
14. Dore, C., & Murphy, M. (2017). Current state of the art historic building information modelling. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W5, 185-192. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-185-2017
15. Fai, S., & Rafeiro, J. (2014). Establishing an HBIM methodology for heritage documentation. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, II(5), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-123-2014
16. Fai, S., & Rafeiro, J. (2014). Establishing an HBIM methodology for heritage documentation. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, II(5), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-123-2014
17. Fritzsche, S., & Adam, B. (2012). The European city – A model for future urban development and its elements. Die Erde – Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin, 143(1-2), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-143-25
18. Fritzsche, S., & Adam, B. (2012). The European city – A model for future urban development and its elements. Die Erde – Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin, 143(1-2), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-143-25
19. Hoffmann, F., Möller, G., & Friederike, T. (2013). Denkmalplan Stralsund- Recherchen und Analysen für die Pflege des Welterbes. Thomas Helms Verlag.
20. Hoffmann, F., Möller, G., & Friederike, T. (2013). Denkmalplan Stralsund- Recherchen und Analysen für die Pflege des Welterbes. Thomas Helms Verlag.
21. ICOMOS. (1964). The Venice Charter 1964.
22. ICOMOS. (1964). The Venice Charter 1964.
23. Kimminus-Schneider, C. (2002). Vom Kramerhaus zum Museum: Das Museumshaus Mönchstraße 38 in Stralsund. Bericht über die Tagung des Arbeitskreises für Hausforschung in Barth und Stralsund vom 1. bis 5. Oktober 1998. 42, s. 381-404. Marburg: Michael İmhoff Verlag.
24. Kimminus-Schneider, C. (2002). Vom Kramerhaus zum Museum: Das Museumshaus Mönchstraße 38 in Stralsund. Bericht über die Tagung des Arbeitskreises für Hausforschung in Barth und Stralsund vom 1. bis 5. Oktober 1998. 42, s. 381-404. Marburg: Michael İmhoff Verlag.
25. Kudra Beroš, V. (2020). Archive as a depository of shared memories, history and identity. Migration and Ethnic Themes, 36(2-3), 173-196. https://doi.org/10.11567/met.36.2.3
26. Kudra Beroš, V. (2020). Archive as a depository of shared memories, history and identity. Migration and Ethnic Themes, 36(2-3), 173-196. https://doi.org/10.11567/met.36.2.3
27. Lutter, M. (2022). Das Stralsunder Museumshaus – Ein Krämerhaus im Wandel der Zeit. Stralsund: pi-print Verlag.
28. Lutter, M. (2022). Das Stralsunder Museumshaus – Ein Krämerhaus im Wandel der Zeit. Stralsund: pi-print Verlag.
29. Möller, G. (2000). Mittelalterlich-frühneuzeitliches Handwerk in der Hansestadt Stralsund Anmerkungen an Hand archäologischer und schriftlicher Quellen. Greifswalder Mitteilungen, (4), 161-174. November 25, 2025 tarihinde file:///C:/Users/yusuf/Downloads/Mittelalterlich_fruhneuzeitliches_Handwe.pdf
30. Möller, G. (2000). Mittelalterlich-frühneuzeitliches Handwerk in der Hansestadt Stralsund Anmerkungen an Hand archäologischer und schriftlicher Quellen. Greifswalder Mitteilungen, (4), 161-174. November 25, 2025 tarihinde file:///C:/Users/yusuf/Downloads/Mittelalterlich_fruhneuzeitliches_Handwe.pdf
31. Nora , P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les lieux de mémoire. Representations, 26, 7-24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520
32. Nora , P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les lieux de mémoire. Representations, 26, 7-24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520
33. Otero, J. (2022). Heritage Conservation Future: Where We Stand, Challenges Ahead, and a Paradigm Shift. Global Challenges, 6(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202100084
34. Otero, J. (2022). Heritage Conservation Future: Where We Stand, Challenges Ahead, and a Paradigm Shift. Global Challenges, 6(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202100084
35. Poulios, İ. (2014). The past in the present: A living heritage approach – Meteora, Greece. London: Ubiquity Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bak
36. Poulios, İ. (2014). The past in the present: A living heritage approach – Meteora, Greece. London: Ubiquity Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bak
37. Rappoport, P. (2015, March 13). Conservation means “minimum intervention. Heritage 21.: https://www.heritage21.com.au/heritage-practice/conservation-means-minimum-intervention/ adresinden alındı
38. Rappoport, P. (2015, March 13). Conservation means “minimum intervention. Heritage 21.: https://www.heritage21.com.au/heritage-practice/conservation-means-minimum-intervention/ adresinden alındı
39. Rodwell, D. (2007). Conservation and sustainability in historic cities. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470759547
40. Rodwell, D. (2007). Conservation and sustainability in historic cities. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470759547
41. Ruskin, J. (1849/2015). The Seven Lamps of Architecture. Smith, Elder & Co (2015 Wentworth Press).
42. Ruskin, J. (1849/2015). The Seven Lamps of Architecture. Smith, Elder & Co (2015 Wentworth Press).
43. Santana Quintero, M., Blake, B., & Eppich, R. (2007, June 16). Conservation of Architectural Heritage:The Role of Digital Documentation Tools:The Need for Appropriate Teaching Material. İnternational journal of architectural computing, 4, 240-255. https://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/ijac20075204.content.pdf
44. Santana Quintero, M., Blake, B., & Eppich, R. (2007, June 16). Conservation of Architectural Heritage:The Role of Digital Documentation Tools:The Need for Appropriate Teaching Material. İnternational journal of architectural computing, 4, 240-255. https://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/ijac20075204.content.pdf
45. Stralsund Museum. (2024). Museumshaus Mönchstraße 38. (Hansestadt Strasund, Dü.) November 2025, 2025 tarihinde https://www.stralsund-museum.de/standorte/museumshaus adresinden alındı
46. Stralsund Museum. (2024). Museumshaus Mönchstraße 38. (Hansestadt Strasund, Dü.) November 2025, 2025 tarihinde https://www.stralsund-museum.de/standorte/museumshaus adresinden alındı
47. UNESCO, ICOMOS, & ICCROM. (1994). The Nara document on authenticity. Nara Conference on Authenticity in Relation to the World Heritage Convention (Nara, Japan, 1–6 November 1994). Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
48. UNESCO, ICOMOS, & ICCROM. (1994). The Nara document on authenticity. Nara Conference on Authenticity in Relation to the World Heritage Convention (Nara, Japan, 1–6 November 1994). Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
49. Vinken, G. (2016). Das Digitale und die Denkmalpflege Bestandserfassung. Arbeitskreis Theorie und Lehre der Denkmalpflege (Dü.), Jahrestagung 2016 içinde, (s. 12-19). Weimar. https://www.archernet.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Das-Digitale-und-die-Denkmalpflege.pdf
50. Vinken, G. (2016). Das Digitale und die Denkmalpflege Bestandserfassung. Arbeitskreis Theorie und Lehre der Denkmalpflege (Dü.), Jahrestagung 2016 içinde, (s. 12-19). Weimar. https://www.archernet.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Das-Digitale-und-die-Denkmalpflege.pdf