Genji'nin Hikâyesi ve Üç İngilizce Yeniden Çevirisi

Öz

Genji’nin Hikâyesi, (Genji Monogatari), aristokrat bir aileden gelen Japon kadın yazar Murasaki Shikibu tarafından 11. yüzyılın başında kaleme alınmış bir kurgu eseri olup günümüzde hâlâ bir şaheser olarak yaşayan dünyanın en eski romanıdır. Genji’nin Hikâyesi’ndeki olaylar, bir yüzyılın neredeyse dörtte üçünü kapsar. Japon bir siyasetçi tarafından 1882 yılında İngilizceye kısmi çevirisi yapılan bu eserin (1974) daha sonra, Arthur Waley (1937), Edward G. Seidensticker (1976), Royall Tyler (2001) gibi anadili İngilizce olan üç çevirmen tarafından İngilizceye üç tam çevirisi yapılmıştır. Bu üç çeviri, yeniden–çevirinin dinamiklerini gözlemlemek açısından çeviribilim çalışmalarına çekici bir malzeme oluşturur. Bu nedenle araştırmamız, ağırlıklı olarak çoğuldizge, yan metinler ve yeniden–çeviri gibi çeviribilimin çeşitli kavram ve kuramları çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür. Söz konusu erek metinlerin küresel ve yerel stratejilerini karşılaştırmak için makalede yazar, kaynak metin, İngilizce çeviriler ve çevirmenleri ayrı ayrı ele alınır. Seçilen örnekler ve yürütülen tartışmalar yoluyla, çeviri stratejilerinin erek metinlere yüklediği anlam değerlendirilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genji”nin Hikâyesi
• (küresel ve yerel) çeviri stratejileri
• yeniden– çeviri

Three English Retranslations of The Tale of Genji

Abstract

The Tale of Genji, (Genji Monogatari) is a written by a Japanese noble woman, Murasaki Shikibu, and is the perhaps the earliest novel ever which is revered today as a chef-d'oeuvre in the world, even though it dates back to early eleventh century. The Tale of Genji covers almost three quarters of a century. This work, which was partially translated into English by a Japanese politician, Suematsu Kenchō, in 1882 (1974) was later translated into English by three native speakers of English: Arthur Waley (1937), Edward G. Seidensticker (1976), and Royall Tyler (2001). The retranslations of The Tale of Genji provide attractive material for Translation Studies, enabling scholars to observe the dynamics of literary translation. This study was conducted within the structure of certain fields such as polysystem theories, paratexts, retranslations hypotheses and translation strategies in the domain of Translation Studies. The article focuses on the global and local translation strategies of the three English translators and compares them in order to show how these strategies affect the target text.

Keywords

• The Tale of Genji
• (global and local) translation strategies
• retranslations

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