DÜNYA MİRASI ALANINDA KÜLTÜREL DENEYİMLER: "ANİ" ZİYARETÇİLERİNİN ANLATILARINA DAYALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Günümüzde insanlar, turizm deneyimlerini kullanıcı tabanlı dijital ağlarda paylaşarak yoğun bir etkileşim oluşturmaktadır. Bu turistik anlatılar hem turizm bölgelerinin üstünlük ve zayıflıklarının tespitine hem de turistik deneyimlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesi’nde yer alan Ani, önemli bir kültürel miras destinasyonu olmasına rağmen ziyaretçilerinin görüşleri hakkındaki bilgi sınırlıdır. Dahası, literatürde kültürel miras deneyimleri bir bütün olarak ele alınmaktadır ve hangi aşamada hangi unsurların öne çıktığı yeterince bilinmemektedir. Bu boşluklar doğrultusunda araştırmanın amacı, kültürel turistlerin deneyimleri üzerinde etkili olan unsurları aşamalarına göre incelemektir. Veriler, doküman analizi tekniğinden yararlanılarak TripAdvisor platformunda Ani deneyimlerini paylaşan 225 yabancı turistten elde edilmiştir. MAXQDA üzerinden içerik analizi ve kodlama işlemleri gerçekleştirilerek nihai bulgular elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kültürel miras deneyimlerinin farklı aşamalarında farklı etmenlerin belirleyici olduğunu ve bu aşamalar arasında karşılıklı etkileşimin söz konusu olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla turizm yöneticilerinin, destinasyonların etki üreten faktörlerini belirlemeleri ve buna bağlı olarak etkileşim odaklı deneyim tasarımında bulunmaları daha rekabetçi bir strateji olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kültürel Miras
• Kültürel Turizm
• Miras Turizmi
• Turistik Anlatı
• Turistik Deneyim

An Analysis of Cultural Experiences at a World Heritage Site: A Study Based on the Narratives of Visitors to “Ani”

Öz

Today, people share their tourism experiences on user-based digital networks, generating intense interaction. These tourism narratives contribute both to the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of tourism regions and to a deeper understanding of tourist experiences. Although Ani, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an important cultural heritage destination, information on the views of its visitors is limited. Moreover, in the literature, cultural heritage experiences are considered as a whole and it is not sufficiently known which elements stand out at which stage. In line with these gaps, the aim of this study is to examine the elements that influence the experiences of cultural tourists according to their stages. Data were collected from 225 foreign tourists who shared their Ani experiences on TripAdvisor. Content analysis and coding processes were performed through MAXQDA and the final findings were obtained. The results show that different factors are decisive at different stages of cultural heritage experiences, and that there is an interaction between these stages. Therefore, it may be a more competitive strategy for tourism managers to identify the impact-generating factors of their destinations and design interaction-oriented experiences accordingly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cultural Heritage
• Cultural Tourism
• Heritage Tourism
• Tourist Narrative
• Tourist Experience

Kaynakça

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