The anaerobic power output in the Wingate test: Effect of gender, load, and duration

Öz

The study aimed to investigate the effects of the interactions among the test durations, loads and gender on the anaerobic power in the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Thirty-three moderately active young adults (age; 20.9±1.8 years), 14of whom are women, participated in the study. The measurements were performed on seven separate visits at least two days apart. On the first visit, body composition measurements and a familiarization process were performed. In the next six visits, 15-s, 20-s and 30-s WAnT at both 8.5% of body mass and 11% of lean body mass were performed randomly. The effects of gender on power output changes in WAnT were examined with split-plot ANOVA. The significance level was set at p<0.05. The load of 11% of lean body mass provided greater peak power compared with a load of 8.5% of body weight (p= 0.03). The increases in mean power at the short duration WAnT were higher in men than in women (p=0.01). In 15-s and 20-s WAnT, high mean power outputs at a load of lean body mass were obtained in men, while the load did not affect the mean power in women (p=0.03). The short-duration WAnT versions led to lower heart rate (HR) and reduced rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (p<0.01). The load did not affect the RPE (p>0.05). The findings indicate that gender differences should be considered regarding the duration of the test and optimal load for WAnT.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anaerobic capacity
• test duration
• optimum load
• fat free mass

Wingate testinde anaerobik güç çıktıları: Cinsiyetin, yükün ve sürenin etkisi

Öz

Araştırmada Wingate anaerobik testinde (WAnT) yükün, test süresinin ve cinsiyetin güç çıktılarına etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya, 14’ü kadın 33 orta düzeyde aktif genç yetişkin (yaş; 20.9±1.8 yıl) katılmıştır. Katılımcılar laboratuvarı 7 kez ziyaret etmiştir. İlk ziyarette vücut kompozisyonu ölçümleri ve adaptasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Sonraki 6 ayrı ziyarette ise vücut ağırlıklarının % 8,5’ine ve yağsız vücut ağırlığının %11’ine göre verilen yüklerde en az 2 gün arayla sıra takip etmeksizin 15 sn, 20 sn ve 30 sn WAnT uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Cinsiyetin WAnT güç çıktılarına etkisi split-plot ANOVA ile incelenmiştir. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Erkeklerin; zirve, ortalama ve minimum güç çıktıları kadınlarınkinden yüksektir (p<0.01). Zirve güç, vücut ağırlığına göre verilen yükle kıyaslandığında yağsız vücut ağırlığına göre verilen yükte daha yüksektir (p=0.03). Kısa test sürelerinde ortalama güçteki artış erkeklerde kadınlara göre yüksektir (p=0.01). Yağsız vücut ağırlığına göre verilen yük erkeklerde 15 sn ve 20 sn WAnT uygulamalarında daha yüksek ortalama güç çıktıları ortaya çıkarken, kadınlarda yükün etkisi bulunmamıştır (p=0.03). Kısa test sürelerinde kalp atım hızı azalırken, algılanan zorluk derecesi (AZD) puanları da düşmüştür (p<0.01). Yük faktörü AZD’yi etkilememiştir (p>0.05). Araştırma bulguları, WAnT’la ilgili süre ve yük önerilerinde cinsiyet faktörünün göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anaerobik kapasite
• test süresi
• optimum yük
• yağsız vücut ağırlığı

Kaynakça

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