Avrupa Birliği Üye Devletlerinin Feminist Dış Politika Yaklaşımları: Bir Endeks Önerisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 91 - 100, 03.01.2021

Adviye Damla Ünlü

Öz

Son yıllarda birçok ülke toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini bir dış politika önceliği haline getirmiş ve dış ilişkilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin anaakımlaştırılmasını hedeflemiştir. İsveç, Kanada, Fransa ve Meksika gibi ülkelerin yanı sıra, Avrupa Birliği (AB), dış eylemleri kapsamında bir cinsiyet perspektifi içeren veya aktif olarak cinsiyet eşitliğini teşvik etmeyi amaçlayan çeşitli girişimler, politikalar ve stratejiler geliştirmiştir. Bununla birlikte, üye ülkeler, başta güvenlik ve savunma olmak üzere, dış eylemler üzerinde yüksek düzeyde kontrol sahibidir. Bu durum, AB feminist dış politikasının geliştirilmesi için bir öncelik olarak üye ülkelerin feminist dış politikaya daha fazla katılımını gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, feminist dış politika göstergeleri üzerinden AB üye ülkelerinin feminist dış politika yaklaşımını incelemektedir. Çalışma, feminist dış politikanın kavramsal gelişimi, tanımı ve göstergeleri üzerine gerçekleştirilen tartışma ve feminist dış politikanın teorik arka planı ve göstergelerine dayalı olarak AB üye ülkelerinin değerlendirilmesi şeklinde yapılandırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, farklı ülkelerin feminist dış politika yaklaşımlarını ve feminist dış politikanın alt boyutlarındaki güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini değerlendirmek için işlevsel bir çerçeve sağlamıştır. Bu bulguların, dış politikayı toplumsal cinsiyet temelinde şekillendirmeyi hedefleyen ülkeler için yol gösterici olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, Feminist Dış Politika, Toplumsal Cinsiyeti Anaakımlaştırma, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği

Feminist Foreign Policy Approaches of the European Union Member States: An Index Proposal

Öz

Many countries have made gender equality a foreign policy priority and have aimed gender mainstreaming in their external affairs in recent years. Along with individual states like Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico, the European Union (EU) has also developed a variety of initiatives, policies, and strategies within its external action that either incorporate a gender perspective or that actively aim at fostering gender equality as the strategic approach. However, member states retain a high level of control over external action, mainly security and defense. This requires further member state engagement to feminist foreign policy as a priority to develop the EU feminist foreign policy. In this context, this study investigates the feminist foreign policy approach of the EU member states through indicators of feminist foreign policy. The study is structured as follows: discussion on the conceptual development, definition, and indicators of feminist foreign policy, evaluation of EU member states based on the theoretical background, and indicators of the feminist foreign policy. The results provided a functional framework to evaluate feminist foreign policy approaches of different states and their strengths and weaknesses in different sub-dimensions of feminist foreign policy. These findings may guide states which have the aim of gendering their foreign policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, Feminist Foreign Policy, Gender Mainstreaming, Gender Equality

Kaynakça

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