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A Preliminary Study on the Molecular Weight Profile of Soluble Protein in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass) Protein

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 249 - 254, 17.12.2021

Öz

In present study, ash, protein, and crude fiber contents of niger meal were higher than that of niger seed. However, niger seed had higher lipid levels than that of niger meal (p<0.05). The ash, lipid, protein and crude fiber values of niger meal were found as 7.31 %, 7.16 %, 28.80 % and 20.02 %, respectively. The ash, lipid, protein and crude fiber values of niger seed were determined as 4.89 %, 20.61%, 19.63% and 18.96 %, respectively. The saturated and unsaturated FAs were determined as 20.52% and 45.23% in niger meal, 18.78% and 53.1% in seed, 25.35% and 52.05% in oil, respectively. The linoleic acid levels of niger meal, seed and oil were 37.49%, 41.76% and 41.61%, as highest FAs respectively. Amongst the saturated FAs, palmitic and stearic acids are found at higher levels with palmitic ranging from 9.85% (niger seed) to 15.76% (oil), and stearic ranging from 3.5% (oil) to 5.48% (seed). α-linolenic acid (ALA) levels of niger seed and niger oil were found as 0.85% and 1.2%, respectively. The MWPs of niger meal and seed were found as 48.74 % and 42.92 % in 2532 Da ≥ group by followed 34.46 % and 38.72 % in 67000 Da ≤ group, 14.18 % and 15.76 % in 13700-67000 Da group, 2.72 % and 2.62 % in 2532-13700 Da group, respectively. Considering taking into account protein, FA and MWPs, except for the high levels of crude fiber it could be suggested to use at moderate levels of niger meal remaining after the extraction of niger seed and seed oil in aquaculture feeds.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous (2018) . AOCS Approved Procedure Ba 6a-05 ANKOM Technology Method 10 12-06-06 Crude Fiber Analysis in Feeds By Filter Bag Technique (For A2000,A2000I)
  • AOAC (2000). Official methods of analysis of Association of Analytical Chemist. 15th Edn. Washington DC.
  • Bhatnagar AS and Gopala Krishna AG (2014). Lipid classes and subclasses of cold- pressed and solvent-extracted oils from commercial İndian niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) seed. Journal of American oil Chemists Society, 91: 1205-1216.
  • Bligh EG and Dyer WJ (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37: 911–917.
  • Boza JJ, Jimenez J, Martínez O, Suarez MD and Gil A (1994). Nutritional value and antigenicity of two milk protein hydrolysates in rats and guinea Pigs. The Journal of Nutritional, 124: 1978–1986.
  • Cahu CL and Zambonino Infante JL (1995a). Effect of the molecular form of dietary nitrogen supply in sea bass larvae: response of pancreatic enzymes and intestinal peptidases. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Journal, 14: 209–214.
  • Cahu CL and Zambonino Infante JL (1995b). Maturation of the pancreatic and intestinal digestive functions in sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax): effect of weaning with different protein sources. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Journal, 14: 431–437.
  • Cahu, CL, Zambonino Infante JL, Quazuguel P and Le Gass M.M (1999). Protein hydrolysate vs. fish meal in compound diets for 10–day old sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Aquaculture, 171: 109–119.
  • Carvalho AP, Escaffre AM, Oliva-Teles A and Bergot P (1997). First feeding of common carp larvae on diets with high level of protein hydrolysates. Aquaculture International, 5: 361-367.
  • Carvalho, AP, Oliva–Teles A and Bergot P (2003). A preliminary study on the molecular weight profile of soluble protein nitrogen in live food organisms for fish larvae. Aquaculture 225: 445–449.
  • Dagne K and Jonsson A (1997). Oil content and fatty acid composition of seeds of Guizotia abyssinica Cass. (Compositae). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 73: 274-278.
  • Dalbir SP, Roopma G, Ritu K, Vaini G and Shivalika R (2015). Effect of fish oil substitution with sunflower oil in diet of juvenile Catla catla (Ham) on growth performance and feed utilization. Journal of Fisheries & Livestock Production 3:144. doi:10.4172/2332-2608.1000144.
  • Deme T, Haki GD, Retta N, Woldegiorgis A and Geleta M (2017). Mineral and anti-nutritional contents of niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties grown in Ethiopia. Foods, 6(4): 27.
  • Dutta PC, Helmersson S, Kebedu E, and Appelqvist LA (1994). Variation in lipid composition of niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) samples collected from different regions in Ethiopia. The Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 71: 839-843.
  • El-Sayed, AFM (2004). Protein nutrition of farmed tilapia: searching for unconventional sources. In New dimensions in farmed tilapia: proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Tilapia Aquaculture, 364-378.
  • Fontagne S, Pruszynski T, Corraze G and Bergot P (1999). Effect of coconut oil and tricaprylin vs. triolein on survival, growth and fatty acid composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, 179: 241-252.
  • Garcés R and Mancha M (1993). One–step lipid extraction and fatty acid methyl esters preperation from fresh plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry, 211, 139–143.
  • Geremew A, Getahun A and Rana K (2015). Digestibility of Soybean Cake, Niger Seed Cake and Linseed Cake in Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 6: 333. doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000333
  • Getinet A and Sharma SM (1996). Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 5. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome
  • Hardy RW (2010). Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets: effects of global demand and supplies of fishmeal. Aquaculture Research, 41: 770-776.
  • Holt GJ (2000). Symposium on recent advances in larval fish nutrition. Aquaculture Nutrition, 6: 141.
  • Kandel H and Porter P (2002). Niger: Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. production in northwest Minnesota. University of Minnesota extension service.
  • Kiralan M, Gokpınar A, Ipek A, Bayrak A, Arslan N and Kok MS (2010). Variability of fatty acid and mineral content in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) l,nes from a range of European sources. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(4): 1068-1073.
  • López–Alvarado L and Kanazawa A (1995). Optimum levels of crystalline amino acids in diets for larval red Sea Bream (Pagrus major). ICES Marine Science Symposia, 201: 100–105.
  • Lovell T (1998). Nutrition and feeding of fish. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts Martins DA, Valente LMP and Lall SP (2009) Apparent digestibility of lipid and fatty acids in fish oil, poultry fat and vegetable oil diets by Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus. L. Aquaculture, 294: 132-137.
  • Menoy D, Lopez-Bote CJ, Diez A, Obach A and Bautista JM (2007). Impact of n-3 fatty acid chain length and n3/n6 ratio in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diets. Aquaculture, 267: 248-259.
  • Naylor RL, Hardy RW, Bureau DP, Chiu A, Elliott M, Farrell AP, Forster I, Gatlin DM, Goldburg RJ, Hua K, and Nichols PD (2009). Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106: 15103-15110.
  • Naz M (2007). The changes in digestive enzymes and hormones of gilthead seabream larvae (Sparus aurata, L 1758) fed on Artemia nauplii enriched with different amino acids. PhD Thesis, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
  • Ng WK and Romano N (2013). A review of the nutrition and feeding management of farmed tilapia throughout the culture cycle. Reviews in Aquaculture, 5: 220-254.
  • Olurin KB, Akınyemi Y, Obe OY and OLOJO EAA (2004). Use of palm oil in the diet of the African mudfish, Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(8): 418-420.
  • Ramadan MF and Morsel JT (2003). Determination of the lipid classes and fatty acid profile of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.). seed oil. Phytochemical Analysis, 14: 366-370.
  • Ronnestad I, Conceicao LEC, Arago C and Dinis MT (2000). Free amino acids are absorbed faster and assimilated more efficiently than protein in postlarval Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis). The Journal of Nutrition, 130: 2809-2812.
  • Sener E and Yıldız Mustafa (2003). Effect of the different oil on growth performance and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykis W., 1792) juveniles. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 3: 111-116.
  • SPSS (1993) SPSS for windows base system user’s guide, release 8.0.2.Chicago USA
  • Syume M and Chandravanshi BS (2015). Nutrient composition of niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) cultivated in different parts of Ethiopia. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 29: 341-355.
  • Szlaminska M, Escaffre AM, Charlon N and Bergot P (1993). Preliminary data on semi synthetic diets for goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) larvae. In:Kaushik, S.J., Luquet, P. (Eds.). Fish Nutrition in Practice. INRA, Paris, 607-612.Les colloques, 61.
  • Tacon AGJ (1997). Fishmeal replacers: review of antinutrients within oilseeds and pulses a limiting factor for the aquafeed Green Revolution? In Tacon A.G.J. (ed.), Basurco B. (ed.). Feeding tomorrow's fish. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, 153-182.
  • Turchini GM, Torstensen BE and Ng WK (2009). Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition. Rev Aquacult.1, 01-57.
  • Vles RO and Gottenboss JJ (1989). Nutritional characteristics and food uses of vegetable oils, in oil crops of the world, McGraw Hill: Newyork.
  • Zambonino Infante JL, Cahu CL and Peres A (1997). Partial substitution of di-and tripeptides for native proteins in sea bass diet improves Dicentrarchus labrax larval development. The Journal of Nutrition, 127: 608-614.

Nijerin ((Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass)) Çözülebilir Proteininin Moleküler Ağırlık Profili Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 249 - 254, 17.12.2021

Öz

Mevcut çalışmada, soğuk ekstrakte nijer ununun kül, protein ve ham selüloz içeriklerinin, Nijer tohumundan daha yüksek olduğu, buna karşılık, nijer tohumunun, unundan daha yüksek lipit seviyelerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p <0.05). Nijer ununun % olarak kül, lipit, protein ve ham selüloz değerleri sırasıyla 7.31, 7.16, 28.80 ve 20.02, tohumunun ise 4.89, 20.61, 19.63 ve 18.96 olarak belirlenmiştir. Doymuş ve doymamış yağ asitleri sırasıyla nijer unu % 20.52 ve % 45.23, tohumunda % 18.78 ve % 53.1, yağında % 25.35 ve % 52.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Nijer unu, tohumu ve yağının linoleik asit seviyeleri sırasıyla % 37.49, % 41.76 ve % 41.61 olarak en yüksek yağ asidi içeriği olduğu bulunmuştur. Doymuş yağ asitleri arasında, % 9.85 (tohum) ile % 15.76 (yağı) arasında değişen palmitik ve % 3.5 (yağı) ile % 5.48 (tohumu) arasında değişen stearik ile daha yüksek seviyelerde bulunmuştur. Nijer unu ve tohumunun moleküler ağırlık dağılımları 2532 Da ≥ grubunda % 48.74 ve % 42,92 olarak bulunurken, bunu sırasıyla 67000 Da≤ grubunda % 34.46 ve % 38.72, 13700-67000 Da grubunda % 14.18 ve % 15.76, 2532-13700 Da grubunda % 2.72 ve % 2.62 değerleri izlemiştir. Sonuç olarak, yüksek ham selüloz değerleri dışında protein, yağ asidi ve moleküler ağırlık profilleri dikkate alındığında su ürünleri yemlerinde soğuk eksrakte nijer ununun ve tohum yağının orta seviyelerde kullanılması önerilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous (2018) . AOCS Approved Procedure Ba 6a-05 ANKOM Technology Method 10 12-06-06 Crude Fiber Analysis in Feeds By Filter Bag Technique (For A2000,A2000I)
  • AOAC (2000). Official methods of analysis of Association of Analytical Chemist. 15th Edn. Washington DC.
  • Bhatnagar AS and Gopala Krishna AG (2014). Lipid classes and subclasses of cold- pressed and solvent-extracted oils from commercial İndian niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) seed. Journal of American oil Chemists Society, 91: 1205-1216.
  • Bligh EG and Dyer WJ (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37: 911–917.
  • Boza JJ, Jimenez J, Martínez O, Suarez MD and Gil A (1994). Nutritional value and antigenicity of two milk protein hydrolysates in rats and guinea Pigs. The Journal of Nutritional, 124: 1978–1986.
  • Cahu CL and Zambonino Infante JL (1995a). Effect of the molecular form of dietary nitrogen supply in sea bass larvae: response of pancreatic enzymes and intestinal peptidases. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Journal, 14: 209–214.
  • Cahu CL and Zambonino Infante JL (1995b). Maturation of the pancreatic and intestinal digestive functions in sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax): effect of weaning with different protein sources. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Journal, 14: 431–437.
  • Cahu, CL, Zambonino Infante JL, Quazuguel P and Le Gass M.M (1999). Protein hydrolysate vs. fish meal in compound diets for 10–day old sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Aquaculture, 171: 109–119.
  • Carvalho AP, Escaffre AM, Oliva-Teles A and Bergot P (1997). First feeding of common carp larvae on diets with high level of protein hydrolysates. Aquaculture International, 5: 361-367.
  • Carvalho, AP, Oliva–Teles A and Bergot P (2003). A preliminary study on the molecular weight profile of soluble protein nitrogen in live food organisms for fish larvae. Aquaculture 225: 445–449.
  • Dagne K and Jonsson A (1997). Oil content and fatty acid composition of seeds of Guizotia abyssinica Cass. (Compositae). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 73: 274-278.
  • Dalbir SP, Roopma G, Ritu K, Vaini G and Shivalika R (2015). Effect of fish oil substitution with sunflower oil in diet of juvenile Catla catla (Ham) on growth performance and feed utilization. Journal of Fisheries & Livestock Production 3:144. doi:10.4172/2332-2608.1000144.
  • Deme T, Haki GD, Retta N, Woldegiorgis A and Geleta M (2017). Mineral and anti-nutritional contents of niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties grown in Ethiopia. Foods, 6(4): 27.
  • Dutta PC, Helmersson S, Kebedu E, and Appelqvist LA (1994). Variation in lipid composition of niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) samples collected from different regions in Ethiopia. The Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 71: 839-843.
  • El-Sayed, AFM (2004). Protein nutrition of farmed tilapia: searching for unconventional sources. In New dimensions in farmed tilapia: proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Tilapia Aquaculture, 364-378.
  • Fontagne S, Pruszynski T, Corraze G and Bergot P (1999). Effect of coconut oil and tricaprylin vs. triolein on survival, growth and fatty acid composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, 179: 241-252.
  • Garcés R and Mancha M (1993). One–step lipid extraction and fatty acid methyl esters preperation from fresh plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry, 211, 139–143.
  • Geremew A, Getahun A and Rana K (2015). Digestibility of Soybean Cake, Niger Seed Cake and Linseed Cake in Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 6: 333. doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000333
  • Getinet A and Sharma SM (1996). Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 5. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome
  • Hardy RW (2010). Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets: effects of global demand and supplies of fishmeal. Aquaculture Research, 41: 770-776.
  • Holt GJ (2000). Symposium on recent advances in larval fish nutrition. Aquaculture Nutrition, 6: 141.
  • Kandel H and Porter P (2002). Niger: Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. production in northwest Minnesota. University of Minnesota extension service.
  • Kiralan M, Gokpınar A, Ipek A, Bayrak A, Arslan N and Kok MS (2010). Variability of fatty acid and mineral content in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) l,nes from a range of European sources. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(4): 1068-1073.
  • López–Alvarado L and Kanazawa A (1995). Optimum levels of crystalline amino acids in diets for larval red Sea Bream (Pagrus major). ICES Marine Science Symposia, 201: 100–105.
  • Lovell T (1998). Nutrition and feeding of fish. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts Martins DA, Valente LMP and Lall SP (2009) Apparent digestibility of lipid and fatty acids in fish oil, poultry fat and vegetable oil diets by Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus. L. Aquaculture, 294: 132-137.
  • Menoy D, Lopez-Bote CJ, Diez A, Obach A and Bautista JM (2007). Impact of n-3 fatty acid chain length and n3/n6 ratio in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diets. Aquaculture, 267: 248-259.
  • Naylor RL, Hardy RW, Bureau DP, Chiu A, Elliott M, Farrell AP, Forster I, Gatlin DM, Goldburg RJ, Hua K, and Nichols PD (2009). Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106: 15103-15110.
  • Naz M (2007). The changes in digestive enzymes and hormones of gilthead seabream larvae (Sparus aurata, L 1758) fed on Artemia nauplii enriched with different amino acids. PhD Thesis, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
  • Ng WK and Romano N (2013). A review of the nutrition and feeding management of farmed tilapia throughout the culture cycle. Reviews in Aquaculture, 5: 220-254.
  • Olurin KB, Akınyemi Y, Obe OY and OLOJO EAA (2004). Use of palm oil in the diet of the African mudfish, Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(8): 418-420.
  • Ramadan MF and Morsel JT (2003). Determination of the lipid classes and fatty acid profile of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.). seed oil. Phytochemical Analysis, 14: 366-370.
  • Ronnestad I, Conceicao LEC, Arago C and Dinis MT (2000). Free amino acids are absorbed faster and assimilated more efficiently than protein in postlarval Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis). The Journal of Nutrition, 130: 2809-2812.
  • Sener E and Yıldız Mustafa (2003). Effect of the different oil on growth performance and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykis W., 1792) juveniles. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 3: 111-116.
  • SPSS (1993) SPSS for windows base system user’s guide, release 8.0.2.Chicago USA
  • Syume M and Chandravanshi BS (2015). Nutrient composition of niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) cultivated in different parts of Ethiopia. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 29: 341-355.
  • Szlaminska M, Escaffre AM, Charlon N and Bergot P (1993). Preliminary data on semi synthetic diets for goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) larvae. In:Kaushik, S.J., Luquet, P. (Eds.). Fish Nutrition in Practice. INRA, Paris, 607-612.Les colloques, 61.
  • Tacon AGJ (1997). Fishmeal replacers: review of antinutrients within oilseeds and pulses a limiting factor for the aquafeed Green Revolution? In Tacon A.G.J. (ed.), Basurco B. (ed.). Feeding tomorrow's fish. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, 153-182.
  • Turchini GM, Torstensen BE and Ng WK (2009). Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition. Rev Aquacult.1, 01-57.
  • Vles RO and Gottenboss JJ (1989). Nutritional characteristics and food uses of vegetable oils, in oil crops of the world, McGraw Hill: Newyork.
  • Zambonino Infante JL, Cahu CL and Peres A (1997). Partial substitution of di-and tripeptides for native proteins in sea bass diet improves Dicentrarchus labrax larval development. The Journal of Nutrition, 127: 608-614.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Mehmet Naz 0000-0002-5129-8498

Seval Bahadır Koca 0000-0002-7507-3816

Nalan Özgür Yigit 0000-0002-6109-9425

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Nisan 2021
Kabul Tarihi 21 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Naz, M., Bahadır Koca, S., & Yigit, N. Ö. (2021). A Preliminary Study on the Molecular Weight Profile of Soluble Protein in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass) Protein. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 249-254.