İnsanlık Dışı Suçlarda Ahlaki Uzaklaşma

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 48, 361 - 384, 25.12.2022

Albert Bandura Çevirmen: Ali Koçak

https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1218622

Öz

Ahlaki faillik hem insanlık dışı davranmaktan kaçınma gücünde hem
de insanca davranmaya yönelik proaktif güçte kendini gösterir. Ahlaki
faillik kendi kendini organize eden, proaktif, kendini yansıtan ve öz yaptırımlarla ilgili kişisel standartlara dayanan öz-düzenleyici
mekanizmaları kapsayan geniş bir sosyobilişsel benlik teorisiyle
ilişkilidir. Ahlaki davranışı kontrol eden öz-düzenleyici mekanizmalar,
aktive edilmedikçe devreye girmezler ve ahlaki öz-yaptırımların
insanlık dışı davranışlardan seçici olarak ayrıldığı birçok psikososyal
manevra vardır. Ahlaki uzaklaşma2 ahlaki gerekçelendirme, aklayıcı bir
dil ve avantajlı karşılaştırma aracılığıyla insanlık dışı bir davranışın
değerli bir davranış ya da durum olarak bilişsel yeniden
yapılandırılması; sorumluluğun dağıtılması veya üstlenilmemesi
yoluyla bireysel faillik duygusunun benimsenmemesi; kişinin
davranışlarından doğan zararlı sonuçların etkilerinin önemsenmemesi
veya en aza indirgenmesi; suçun mağdurlara yüklenmesi ve
mağdurların insandışılaştırılması üzerine kuruludur. Birçok insanlık
dışı eylem, sorumluluğun dağıtılması ve işlevlerin bağlantısız alt
bölümlerinin üstlenilmesi yoluyla zararlı faaliyetlere katkı sağlayan
normalde düzgün insanların yürüttüğü meşru girişimlerden oluşan
birbirini destekleyici bir ağ vasıtasıyla işler. Ahlaki kontrolü devre dışı
bırakan birçok mekanizma göz önüne alındığında, medenice bir yaşam
kişisel insani standartlara ek olarak, şefkatli davranışı destekleyen ve
gaddarlığı reddeden, sosyal sistemlere yerleşik güvenceler gerektirir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

insanlık, dışı, suçlarda, ahlaki, uzlaşma

Kaynakça

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