Classifying Apis mellifera Breeds Using Data Mining Techniques Based on Morphological Traits

Öz

The classification of bee breeds is significant for breeding, maintaining genetic diversity, increasing productivity and protecting the health of the bee colonies. Therefore, this study aims to classify different honeybee breeds based on their morphological traits using data mining techniques, which are cost-effective and straightforward. It were used a total of 35 colonies from a private bee farm for morphometric analysis in the study, which included seven different bee breeds and 404 bee samples. A range of data mining techniques (Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Naive Bayes (NB) and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)), and model fit criteria were used for the classification of bee breeds. Overall, the study shows significant differences in the morphological traits of different bee breeds, highlighting the diversity and different traits of each bee breed. In addition, the study shows that the RF model is superior in all criteria and therefore the most effective for classifying honeybee breeds. In contrast, the NB model consistently performs the worst, as evidenced by the consistently minimum values of all metrics. In conclusion, RF model exhibiting a 99.8% success rate, stands out as highly effective in the classification of bee breeds based on the morphological traits, supporting its applicability in future classification research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bee breeds
• classification
• data mining
• morphological traits
• performance metrics

Classifying Apis mellifera Breeds Using Data Mining Techniques Based on Morphological Traits

Öz

Arı ırklarının sınıflandırılması, genetik çeşitliliğin sürdürülmesi, üretkenliğin artırılması ve arı kolonilerinin sağlığını korumak için önemlidir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, maliyet etkin ve basit olan veri madenciliği tekniklerini kullanarak farklı arı ırklarını morfolojik özelliklerine dayalı olarak sınıflandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. 2020 yılında, çalışma, morfometrik analiz için özel bir arı çiftliğinden toplamda 35 koloniyi içeren yedi farklı arı ırkı ve 404 arı örneği içermektedir. Arı ırklarının sınıflandırılması için çeşitli veri madenciliği teknikleri (Destek Vektör Makineleri (DVM), Rastgele Orman (RO), Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA), Naive Bayes (NB) ve k-En Yakın Komşular (k-EYK)) ve model uyum kriterleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma genel olarak farklı arı ırklarının morfolojik özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koyarak, her arı ırkının çeşitliliğini ve farklı özelliklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, çalışma RF modelinin tüm kriterlerde üstün olduğunu ve bu nedenle bal arıları ırklarını sınıflandırmak için en etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, NB modeli sürekli olarak en kötü performansı sergilemektedir, tüm metriklerin sürekli minimum değerleri ile kanıtlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, morfolojik özelliklere dayalı olarak arı ırklarının sınıflandırılmasında %99,8 başarı oranı gösteren RO modeli, gelecekteki sınıflandırma araştırmalarında kullanılabilirliğini destekleyerek ön plana çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arı ırkları
• Sınıflandırma
• Veri madenciliği
• Morfolojik özellikler

Kaynakça

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