GÖÇMEN KİMLİKLERİNİN İNŞASI: BİR ÇOKKÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE TANINMA TEORİSİ ELEŞTİRİSİ

Öz

Bu makalede ilk olarak çokkültürlü politikalar hakkındaki tartışmaların ve Honneth’in tanınmaya dayalı eleştirel teorisinin kısa bir özeti verilecektir. İkinci olarak Honneth’in teorisine iki açıdan eleştiri getirilecektir. İlk eleştiri, Honneth’in Meadçi sosyopsikolojik öz-oluşum analizinin, ev sahibi ülkelerdeki yeni gelen göçmenlerin saygısızlık ve yanlış tanınma deneyimlerini anlamamız için gerekli teorik yapı açısından eksik olduğudur. İkinci temel eleştiri, Honneth’in tanınma teorisini pratik sosyolojik bir bakış açısıyla uygulanabilir kılmak için siyasi kurumların bireysel kendini gerçekleştirme ve tanınma üzerindeki etkilerini göz ardı ettiğidir. Hegel’in etik düzen fikrini kullanmasına rağmen Honneth’in teorisi bireysel veya grup mücadelelerinin özgürleşme potansiyeli üzerinde siyasi kurumların rolüne vurgu yapmak konusunda yetersiz kalmaktadır. Farklı göçmen deneyimlerine referanslar verilerek bu eleştirilerin temel aldığı esas noktalar gösterilecektir. Son olarak göçmenlerin özgürleştirici potansiyelini veya topluma dâhil edilme süreçlerini daha iyi anlamak için tanınma teorisinin birkaç temel değişiklikle birlikte liberal veya komünitaryan teorilerden daha iyi bir teorik açıklama sağladığı savunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• tanınma teorisi
• göçmen kimliği
• Axel Honneth
• çokkültürlülük
• komünitaryanism

The Construction of Immigrant Identity: A Criticism of Multiculturalism and Recognition Theory

Öz

In this paper, first I will give a brief outline of Honneth’s recognition-based critical theory and debate on multicultural policies. Second, I will challenge Honneth’s theory from two perspectives. First, I will claim that Honneth’s Meadian socio-psychological analysis of self-formation lacks the necessary theoretical construct for us to understand newcomer immigrant experiences of disrespect and misrecognition in the host countries. Second, I will point out the fact that while trying so hard to make his theory applicable from a practical sociological point of view, Honneth dismisses the effects of political institutions on individual self-realization and recognition. Even though Honneth uses Hegel’s basic idea of ethical life, his theory falls short to incorporate the role of political institutions on the emancipation potential of the individual or group struggles. By giving empirical references to different immigrant experiences, I will show the basic tenants of my criticisms. In the end, I will briefly review the alternatives to recognition theory for a better understanding of the emancipatory potential of or inclusion of new immigrants into the host society. I will claim that with basic modifications, Honneth’s recognition theory still provides a better theoretical and analytical explanation for the case of immigrants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• recognition theory
• immigrant identity
• Axel Honneth
• multiculturalism
• communitarianism

Kaynakça

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