Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

ACELE DENEYİMLERİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ (RUSH EXPERIENCES SCALE-RES): TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜ İÇİN GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 81 - 92, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1660137

Öz

Öz: Acele deneyimi kavramı ilk olarak macera turizmi alanına (Buckley, 2012) yakın zamanda (Tez, 2023) ise ciddi serbest zaman literatürüne dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada, ciddi serbest zaman katılımcılarının “acele deneyimlerini” değerlendirebilecek kısa bir psikometrik ölçüm aracının Türk kültürü için adaptasyon çalışmasını gerçekleştirmektir. Bu bağlamda, araştırma ciddi serbest zaman katılımına ilişkin katılımcılarının acele deneyimlerini değerlendirebilecek ulusal alanda ilk nicel ölçüm aracını sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın evren ve örneklemini Türkiye’de yer alan ciddi serbest zaman katılımcıları (macera-yüksek riskli sporcular ve ekstrem sporcular) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler çevrimiçi oluşturulan “Google Form” aracılığıyla ve kartopu yöntemi ile katılımcılara ulaşılarak toplanmıştır. Ciddi serbest zaman katılımcılarından toplanan veriler ile katılımcılara ilişkin “tanımlayıcı istatistiksel analizler”, verilerin dağılımına ilişkin normal varsayımına ilişkin analizler”, yapının Türk kültürü için doğrulanmasına ilişkin AFA ve Birinci Düzey DFA”, yapıya ilişkin ek güvenirlik ve geçerlilik analizi olan “birleşim ve ayrışım geçerliliği (AVE-CR), ölçüm güvenirliğine ilişkin Cronbach Alpha, katılımcıların verdikleri cevaplara ilişkin taban ve tavan etkileri analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapı güvenirliği için AFA ve DFA gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bu kapsamda Türk kültürü için Acele Deneyimi Ölçeği’nin tek faktörlü ve 13 maddelik faktör yapısı ile geçerli ve güvenilir ölçmeler yapabilen bir ölçüm aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Bandalos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2010). Factor analysis: Exploratory and confirmatory. In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Eds.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences (pp. 93–114). Routledge.
  • Bandalos, D. L., Finney, S. J., Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (2010). The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences. Routledge.
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Brymer, E., & Gray, T. (2009). Dancing with nature: Rhythm and harmony in extreme sport participation. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 9(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670902856617
  • Brymer, E., & Schweitzer, R. (2013). Extreme sports are good for your health: A phenomenological understanding of fear and anxiety in extreme sport. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(4), 477–487. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312446770
  • Buckley, R. (2012). Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: Resolving the risk recreation paradox. Tourism Management, 33(4), 961–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.10.002
  • Buckley, R. C. (2016). Qualitative analysis of emotions: Fear and thrill. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1187. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01187
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma tasarımı, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorumlama. Pegem.
  • Cattell, R. B. (1978). The scientific use of factor analysis. Plenum Press.
  • Celsi, R. L., Rose, R. L., & Leigh, T. W. (1993). An exploration of high-risk leisure consumption through skydiving. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1086/209336
  • Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Davis, J. (1998). The transpersonal dimensions of ecopsychology: Nature, nonduality, and spiritual practice. The Humanistic Psychologist, 26(1–3), 69–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/08873267.1998.9976972
  • Fisher, A. (2003). Radical ecopsychology: Psychology in the service of life. Human Ecology Review, 10(2), 187–196.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
  • Güvendir, M. A., & Özkan, Y. Ö. (2015). Türkiye'deki eğitim alanında yayımlanan bilimsel dergilerde ölçek geliştirme ve uyarlama konulu makalelerin incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(52), 23–33.
  • Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1998). Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures. Social Indicators Research, 45, 153–171. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006941729637
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.
  • Hornby, O., Roderique-Davies, G., Heirene, R., Thorkildsen, E., Bradbury, S., Rowlands, I., & Shearer, D. (2024). What factors explain extreme sport participation? A systematic review. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, 1403499. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsal.2024.1403499
  • Humberstone, B. (2009). Inside/outside the Western 'bubble': The nexus of adventure, adventure sports and perceptions of risk in UK and Mauritius. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 9(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670902816691
  • Kerr, J. H., & Mackenzie, S. H. (2012). Multiple motives for participating in adventure sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(5), 649–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.04.002
  • Kline, P. (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Musumeci, G. (2021). Why would you choose to do an extreme sport? Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(3), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6030065
  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.006
  • Preacher, K. J., & MacCallum, R. C. (2002). Exploratory factor analysis in behavior genetics research: Factor recovery with small sample sizes. Behavior Genetics, 32(2), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015210026192
  • Price, I. R., & Bundesen, C. (2005). Emotional changes in skydivers in relation to experience. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(5), 1203–1211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.002
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2007). Serious leisure: A perspective for our time. Transaction Publishers.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Pearson.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Pearson.
  • Tez, Ö. (2023). Measuring the rush experiences: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100590
  • Terwee, C. B., Bot, S. D., de Boer, M. R., van der Windt, D. A., Knol, D. L., Dekker, J., & de Vet, H. C. (2007).
  • Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012
  • Tofler, I. R., Hyatt, B. M., & Tofler, D. S. (2018). Psychiatric aspects of extreme sports: Three case studies. The Permanente Journal, 22, 17-071. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/17-071
  • Van de Vijver, F., & Tanzer, N. K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: An overview. European Review of Applied Psychology, 54(2), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2003.12.004
  • Werner, O., & Campbell, D. T. (1970). Translating, working through interpreters, and the problem of decentering. In R. Naroll & R. Cohen (Eds.), A handbook of method in cultural anthropology (pp. 398–420). Natural History Press.
  • Willig, C. (2008). A phenomenological investigation of the experience of taking part in extreme sports. Journal of Health Psychology, 13(5), 690–702. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105307082459
  • Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006288127

MEASURING THE RUSH EXPERIENCES (RUSH EXPERIENCES SCALE-RES): VALİDİTY AND RELIABILITY STUDY FOR TURKISH CULTURE

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 81 - 92, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1660137

Öz

Abstract: The concept of "rush experience" was initially introduced in the context of adventure tourism (Buckley, 2012) and has recently been integrated into the serious leisure literature (Tez, 2023). This study aims to adapt a short psychometric measurement tool, capable of assessing the "rush experiences" of serious leisure participants, for Turkish culture. In this context, the research presents the first quantitative measurement tool in the national literature to evaluate the rush experiences of participants engaged in serious leisure activities. The population and sample of the study consist of serious leisure participants in Turkey, including adventure-high-risk athletes and extreme sports enthusiasts. The criterion sampling method was employed in the research. Data were collected through an online "Google Form" and by reaching participants using the snowball sampling technique. The data collected from serious leisure participants were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses, tests for normality assumptions, EFA and First-Order CFA to validate the structure for Turkish culture, as well as additional reliability and validity analyses such as convergent and discriminant validity (AVE-CR), Cronbach's Alpha for measurement reliability, and analyses of floor and ceiling effects in participants' responses. For structural reliability, both EFA and CFA were conducted. The findings indicate that the Rush Experience Scale, with its single-factor and 13-item structure, is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish culture.

Kaynakça

  • Bandalos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2010). Factor analysis: Exploratory and confirmatory. In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Eds.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences (pp. 93–114). Routledge.
  • Bandalos, D. L., Finney, S. J., Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (2010). The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences. Routledge.
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Brymer, E., & Gray, T. (2009). Dancing with nature: Rhythm and harmony in extreme sport participation. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 9(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670902856617
  • Brymer, E., & Schweitzer, R. (2013). Extreme sports are good for your health: A phenomenological understanding of fear and anxiety in extreme sport. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(4), 477–487. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312446770
  • Buckley, R. (2012). Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: Resolving the risk recreation paradox. Tourism Management, 33(4), 961–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.10.002
  • Buckley, R. C. (2016). Qualitative analysis of emotions: Fear and thrill. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1187. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01187
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma tasarımı, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorumlama. Pegem.
  • Cattell, R. B. (1978). The scientific use of factor analysis. Plenum Press.
  • Celsi, R. L., Rose, R. L., & Leigh, T. W. (1993). An exploration of high-risk leisure consumption through skydiving. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1086/209336
  • Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Davis, J. (1998). The transpersonal dimensions of ecopsychology: Nature, nonduality, and spiritual practice. The Humanistic Psychologist, 26(1–3), 69–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/08873267.1998.9976972
  • Fisher, A. (2003). Radical ecopsychology: Psychology in the service of life. Human Ecology Review, 10(2), 187–196.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
  • Güvendir, M. A., & Özkan, Y. Ö. (2015). Türkiye'deki eğitim alanında yayımlanan bilimsel dergilerde ölçek geliştirme ve uyarlama konulu makalelerin incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(52), 23–33.
  • Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1998). Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures. Social Indicators Research, 45, 153–171. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006941729637
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.
  • Hornby, O., Roderique-Davies, G., Heirene, R., Thorkildsen, E., Bradbury, S., Rowlands, I., & Shearer, D. (2024). What factors explain extreme sport participation? A systematic review. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, 1403499. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsal.2024.1403499
  • Humberstone, B. (2009). Inside/outside the Western 'bubble': The nexus of adventure, adventure sports and perceptions of risk in UK and Mauritius. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 9(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670902816691
  • Kerr, J. H., & Mackenzie, S. H. (2012). Multiple motives for participating in adventure sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(5), 649–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.04.002
  • Kline, P. (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Musumeci, G. (2021). Why would you choose to do an extreme sport? Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(3), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6030065
  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.006
  • Preacher, K. J., & MacCallum, R. C. (2002). Exploratory factor analysis in behavior genetics research: Factor recovery with small sample sizes. Behavior Genetics, 32(2), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015210026192
  • Price, I. R., & Bundesen, C. (2005). Emotional changes in skydivers in relation to experience. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(5), 1203–1211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.002
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2007). Serious leisure: A perspective for our time. Transaction Publishers.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Pearson.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Pearson.
  • Tez, Ö. (2023). Measuring the rush experiences: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100590
  • Terwee, C. B., Bot, S. D., de Boer, M. R., van der Windt, D. A., Knol, D. L., Dekker, J., & de Vet, H. C. (2007).
  • Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012
  • Tofler, I. R., Hyatt, B. M., & Tofler, D. S. (2018). Psychiatric aspects of extreme sports: Three case studies. The Permanente Journal, 22, 17-071. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/17-071
  • Van de Vijver, F., & Tanzer, N. K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: An overview. European Review of Applied Psychology, 54(2), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2003.12.004
  • Werner, O., & Campbell, D. T. (1970). Translating, working through interpreters, and the problem of decentering. In R. Naroll & R. Cohen (Eds.), A handbook of method in cultural anthropology (pp. 398–420). Natural History Press.
  • Willig, C. (2008). A phenomenological investigation of the experience of taking part in extreme sports. Journal of Health Psychology, 13(5), 690–702. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105307082459
  • Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006288127
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor ve Rekreasyon
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Özge Yavaş 0000-0002-1948-1620

İzzet Karakulak 0000-0003-0673-4796

Ender Eyuboğlu 0000-0002-0196-1853

Murat Çelebi 0000-0001-6891-9804

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavaş, Ö., Karakulak, İ., Eyuboğlu, E., Çelebi, M. (2025). ACELE DENEYİMLERİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ (RUSH EXPERIENCES SCALE-RES): TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜ İÇİN GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(3), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1660137
Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Non-Derivatives 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

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