Yeşil İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamalarının Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin işletmeler için stratejik bir yönetim önceliğine dönüşmesi, insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarının çevre odaklı bir bakış açısıyla yeniden yapılandırılmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Yeşil İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi (YİKY), çevresel hedeflerin işe alım, eğitim, performans yönetimi, ücretlendirme, iş tasarımı, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile çalışan ilişkileri gibi temel insan kaynakları işlevlerine entegre edilmesini ifade etmektedir. YİKY uygulamaları, çalışanların çevreye duyarlı tutum ve davranışlarını desteklemenin yanında, örgütün sosyal işleyişini güçlendiren gönüllü katkı davranışlarını da teşvik edebilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Ordu, Amasya ve Samsun illerindeki 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otellerin yiyecek-içecek departmanlarında görev yapan çalışanların YİKY algıları ile Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı (ÖVD) düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Nicel araştırma yaklaşımı ve ilişkisel tarama deseni doğrultusunda yürütülen çalışmada, 324 çalışandan anket tekniğiyle veri toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş; güvenilirlik, normallik, Pearson korelasyon ve doğrusal regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, YİKY ile ÖVD arasında yüksek düzeyde, pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, konaklama işletmelerinde çevre odaklı insan kaynakları politikalarının çalışanların rol ötesi gönüllü katkılarını güçlendirebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, otelcilik sektöründe sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerinin çalışan davranışlarıyla bütünleştirilmesine ilişkin ampirik kanıt sunmakta ve insan kaynakları yöneticilerine çevreci uygulamaları günlük iş süreçleriyle ilişkilendirme konusunda uygulanabilir öneriler sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeşil İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi
• Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Otelcilik Sektörü
• Yiyecek ve İçecek Departmanı

The Effect of Green Human Resource Management Practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Öz

The transformation of environmental sustainability into a strategic management priority for businesses has made it necessary to restructure human resource management practices from an environmentally oriented perspective. In this context, Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) refers to the integration of environmental objectives into core human resource functions such as recruitment, training, performance management, compensation, job design, occupational health and safety, and employee relations. In addition to supporting employees’ environmentally responsible attitudes and behaviors, GHRM practices may also encourage voluntary contribution behaviors that strengthen the social functioning of the organization. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between employees’ perceptions of GHRM and their levels of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among food and beverage department employees working in four- and five-star hotels located in the provinces of Ordu, Amasya, and Samsun in the Black Sea Region of Türkiye. Conducted in line with a quantitative research approach and a correlational survey design, the study collected data from 324 employees through the questionnaire technique. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software package, and reliability, normality, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analyses were performed.The findings indicate a high-level, positive, and significant relationship between GHRM and OCB. The results of the study reveal that environmentally oriented human resource policies in accommodation businesses may strengthen employees’ extra-role voluntary contributions. In this respect, the study provides empirical evidence regarding the integration of sustainability goals with employee behaviors in the hotel sector and offers practical recommendations for human resource managers on associating green practices with daily work processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Green Human Resource Management
• Organizational Citizenship Behavior
• Sustainability
• Hospitality Industry
• Food and Beverage Department

Kaynakça

1. Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya Kitabevi.
2. Basım, H. N., & Şeşen, H. (2006). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ölçeği uyarlama ve karşılaştırma çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(4), 83–101.
3. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
4. Bolino, M. C. (1999). Citizenship and impression management: Good soldiers or good actors? Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 82–98.
5. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
6. Chaudhary, R. (2019). Green human resource management and job pursuit intention: Examining the underlying processes. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(4), 929–937.
7. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
8. Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386–400.

9. Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900.
10. Desivilya, H. S., Sabag, Y., & Ashton, E. (2006). Prosocial tendencies in organizations: The role of attachment styles and organizational justice in shaping organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 14(1), 22–42.
11. Dilchert, S., & Ones, D. S. (2012). Environmental sustainability in and of organizations. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(4), 503–511.
12. Dilchert, S., & Ones, D. S. (2015). Environmental sustainability at work: A call to action. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8(4), 444–466.
13. DuBois, C. L. Z., & Dubois, D. A. (2012). Strategic human resource management as social design for environmental sustainability in organizations. Human Resource Management, 51(6), 799–826.
14. Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.
15. Ercantan, O., & Eyupoglu, Ş. (2022). How do green human resource management practices encourage employees to engage in green behavior? Perceptions of university students as prospective employees. Sustainability, 14(3), Article 1718.
16. Farzana, K. (2020). Green human resource management: Sustainable practices to promote employment. Journal of Business Management, 22, 1–6.
17. Gómez, S., Olivas-Luján, M. R., Rubio Leal, Y. L., & Yusliza, M. Y. (2022). Sustainable human resource management: Practitioners’ perspectives. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 20(2), 111–128.
18. Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader- member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219–247.
19. Grego-Planer, D. (2019). The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors in the public and private sectors. Sustainability, 11(22), Article 6395.
20. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2013). Multivariate data analysis (7.bs.). Pearson.
21. Hosain, M. S., & Rahman, M. S. (2016). Green human resource management: A theoretical overview. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 18(6), 54–59.
22. Jackson, S. E., Renwick, D. W. S., Jabbour, C. J. C., & Muller-Camen, M. (2011). State-of-the-art and future directions for green human resource management: Introduction to the special issue. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(2), 99–116.
23. Jiao, C., Richards, D. A., & Zhang, K. (2011). Leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: OCB-specific meanings as mediators. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(1), 11–25.
24. Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (23. baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
25. Katz, I. M., Rauvola, R. S., Rudolph, C. W., & Zacher, H. (2022). Employee green behavior: A meta-analysis. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(5), 1146–1157.
26. Kesen, M., & Öselmiş, M. (2021). Yeşil insan kaynakları yönetimi ölçeği (YİKYÖ): Türkçe’ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 17(4), 1231–1256.
27. LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 52–65.
28. Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845–855.
29. Mwita, K. (2019). A conceptual review of green human resource management practices. East African Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 1, 13–20.
30. Opatha, H. H. D. N. P., & Hewapathirana, R. A. (2019). Defining green and green human resource management: A conceptual study. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 8(5), 1–10.
31. Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It’s construct clean-up time. Human Performance, 10(2), 85–97.
32. Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2005). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Sage.
33. Paillé, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O., & Jin, J. (2014). The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study. Journal of Business Ethics, 121(3), 451–466.
34. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107–142.
35. Renwick, D. W. S., Redman, T., & Maguire, S. (2013). Green human resource management: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(1), 1–14.
36. Rezaei-Moghaddam, K. (2016). Green management of human resources in organizations: An approach to the sustainable environmental management. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 12(3), 509–522.
37. Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714.
38. Rioux, S. M., & Penner, L. A. (2001). The causes of organizational citizenship behavior: A motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1306–1314.
39. Saeed, B. B., Afsar, B., Hafeez, S., Khan, I., Tahir, M., & Afridi, M. A. (2019). Promoting employee pro-environmental behavior through green human resource management practices. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(2), 424–438.
40. Shah, M. (2019). Green human resource management: Development of a valid measurement scale. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(5), 771–785.
41. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
42. Tang, G., Chen, Y., Jiang, Y., Paillé, P., & Jia, J. (2018). Green human resource management practices: Scale development and validity. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 56(1), 31–55.
43. Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi (5. baskı). Detay Yayıncılık.
44. Uslu, Y. D., & Kedikli, E. (2017). Sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında yeşil insan kaynakları yönetimine genel bir bakış. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 52(3), 694–711.
45. Vey, M. A., & Campbell, J. P. (2004). In-role or extra-role organizational citizenship behavior: Which are we measuring? Human Performance, 17(1), 119–135.
46. Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship behavior and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617.
47. Williams, S., & Shiaw, W. T. (1999). Mood and organizational citizenship behavior: The effects of positive affect on employee OCB intentions. The Journal of Psychology, 133(6), 656–668.
48. Zacher, H., Rudolph, C. W., & Katz, I. M. (2023). Employee green behavior as the core of environmentally sustainable organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 465– 494.
49. Zahrani, A. A. (2024). The influence of green human resource management practices on environmental performance. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2387378.
50. Zoogah, D. B. (2011). The dynamics of green HRM behaviors: A cognitive social information processing approach. Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, 25, 117–139.