Yabani nohut genotiplerinin yüksek buhar basıncı açıklığında stoma iletkenlik indeksi değişimleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 128 - 136, 30.12.2020

Fatma Başdemir Mehmet Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.789236

Öz

Yaygın olarak yetiştirilen kültür nohutları içerisinde kurağa ve sıcağa dayanım yönünden genetik varyasyon çok geniş değildir. Bu nedenle nohutta yabani türlerden dayanıklılık kaynaklarının ortaya çıkarılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada yabani nohut genotiplerinin yüksek buhar basıncı açıklığı (VPD) koşullarında stoma iletkenlik indeksi değişimleri yüksek sıcaklık stresine tepki yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Deneme materyali 26 yabani nohut genotipi ve 4 nohut çeşidinden oluşmaktadır. 26 yabani nohut genotipinin 20 tanesi Cicer reticulatum, 6 tanesi Cicer echinospermum türü içinde yer almaktadır. Bitkiler ölçüm zamanına kadar Dicle
Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi sera koşullarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak yetiştirilmiştir. Ölçümler kontrollü koşullarda sıcaklık ve nem ayarlanarak oluşturulan yüksek VPD stresi altında çiçeklenme öncesi ve bakla dolum döneminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki dönemde genotipler arasında bitki sıcaklığı ve stoma iletkenlik indeksi (lg) yönünden önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Genel anlamda yüksek genotipik varyasyona sahip yabani nohut genotiplerinde bitki sıcaklığı ve stoma iletkenliği yönünden değişim sınırları çok geniş bulunmuştur. Yabani türlerde çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde ortalama lg kültür enotiplerinden
yüksekken, generatif dönemde düşük bulunmuştur. Yüksek lg değeri genotiplerde bitki serinleme yeteneği ve yüksek transpirasyonun göstergesi olmuştur. Çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde 11, bakla dolum döneminde ise 5 yabani nohut genotipinde lg değeri kültür çeşitleri ortalamasından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Yabani türlerden C. reticulatum’da lg değeri her iki dönemde de C. echinospermum genotip ortalamalarından yüksek bulunmuştur. Eğil-073 ve Sırnak 060 yabani genotipleri her iki dönemde kültür genotiplerinden yüksek lg’ye
sahip olarak, sıcaklık stresine karşı stabil dayanım göstermiştir. Sonuçlar mevcut genotiplerin nohutta sıcağa ve kurağa dayanıklılık ıslah programlarında başlangıç materyali olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stoma İletkelik İndeksi (lg), Yabani nohut, Yüksek buhar basınç açıklığı, Sıcaklık stressi

Destekleyen Kurum

Dicle Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

DÜPAP ZİRAAT.17.026

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından DÜPAP ZİRAAT.17.026 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Stomatal conductance index changes in wild cicer genotypes at high vapor pressure deficit

Öz

Genetic variation in resistance to drought and heat stress is not very large among cultivated chickpeas. Hence, revealing the sources of resilience from wild species in chickpea is important. In this study, changes in the stomatal conductance index of wild chickpea genotypes were evaluated in terms of response to high temperature stress under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) conditions. The research material is composed of 26 genotypes of wild chickpea and 4 varieties of cultivated chickpea. The Cicer reticulatum contains 20 of the 26 wild chickpea genotypes, and the Cicer echinospermum genus contains 6. Before the plants were easured, in the Dicle University Faculty of Agriculture were grown to the randomized complete bloc design with 4 replications in the greenhouse conditions. The measures were performed before flowering and pod filling in controlled conditions, generating high VPD stress through temperature and humidity adjustment. In general, the limits of change in plant temperature and stomatal conductivity were found very broad in wild chickpea genotypes with high genotypic variation. While the average lg was higher than the cultivar genotypes in the wild species during the pre-flowering period, it was found lower in the generative period. The high lg value suggested plant cooling capability and high transpiration in genotypes. 11 wild chickpea genotypes in the vegetative period and 5 wild chickpea genotypes in the generative period had a higher lg value than the average cultivar value. lg in C. reticulatum was found to be higher than C. echinospermum genotype in both periods of the wild species. In both periods, the w i l d genotypes of Eğil-073 and Sırnak 060 have a higher lg than the cultivar genotypes and showed stable resistance to heat stress. The findings show that existing genotypes could be used as pre-breeding material in chickpea breeding programs for heat and drought resistance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stomatal Conductance Index (lg), Wild Cicer, High Vapor Pressure Deficit, Heat Stress.

Proje Numarası

DÜPAP ZİRAAT.17.026

Kaynakça

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