İran’da iklim değişikliğinin, klimatolojik, meteorolojik ve hidrolojik afetlere etkisi

Öz

İklim değişikliği, çevreyi ve insan yaşamını pek çok bakımdan olumsuz etkilemektedir. Yerkürede
iklim değişikliğinin kanıtları yeterince kuvvetli ve ikna edicidir. Deniz seviyelerinin yükselmesi,
buzulların erimesi ve buzul alanlarının gerilemesi, yıllık yağış düzenlerinde ciddi değişimlerin
görülmesi ve küresel ısınmadaki artışlar belli başlı belirtilerdir. Araştırma bulguları ve tespitler
20. yüzyılın ortalarından bu yana değişimlerin temel nedeninin insan etkileri olduğunu ortaya
koymaktadır. Fosil yakıtların orantısız kullanımı atmosferdeki sera gazlarının hızlı artışına neden
olmuştur. Sera gazı seviyelerinde düşüş olmaz ise 2100 yılına kadar Dünya’nın ortalama sıcaklık
artışının 6.4 °C’ye ulaşabileceği ve ilişkili afet tehlikelerinin giderek artacağı yönünde sonuçlar
belirtilmektedir. İran, iklim değişikliğinin çevre ve toplum üzerindeki etkilerini ciddi artışlarla yaşayan
ülkeler arasındadır. 1900-1980 yılları arasında yılda gerçekleşen afet sayısı 100’ün altında
rapor edilmişken, 2000-2019 yılları arasında afet olayı sayısı yılda 400’e ulaşmıştır. Araştırmalar,
İran’da meydana gelen sel, fırtına, kuraklık, yer çökmesi ve orman yangınları gibi afet olaylarının
temel nedeninin iklim değişikliği olduğunu göstermektedir. İran, yaklaşık 687 milyon ton CO2
üretimi ile Orta Doğu’da iklim değişikliğinden sorumlu birinci, Dünya’da ise altıncı ülke sıralamasında
yer almaktadır. Gereken önlemlerin alınmaması durumunda önümüzdeki on yıl içerisinde
iklim ile ilişkili afetlerdeki artışın çok daha yüksek olacağına dikkat çekilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küresel Isınma
• Sera Gazları
• Doğal Afetler
• İklim Değişikliği
• İran

The impact of climate change on climatological, meteorological, and hydrological disasters in Iran

Öz

Climate change adversely affects the environment and human life in many respects. The evidence
for climate change on earth is quite solid and convincing. Observable rises in sea levels,
melting of a glacier’s ice, the regression of the glacial areas, critical changes in annual precipitation
patterns, and global warming increases are specific evidence of climate change. Scientific
studies and experimental findings indicate the role of human effects as a primary reason
for the changes since the middle of the 20th century. The disproportionate use of fossil fuels
resulted in the rapid increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Without a significant
decrease in greenhouse gas levels, predictions demonstrate that the World’s average temperature
increase may reach 6.4 °C by 2100, and the associated disaster hazards will gradually
increase. Iran is among the countries that experience significant increases in climate change
effects on the environment and society. Between 1900-and 1980, the number of reported
disasters per year was below 100, whereas the annual number of disasters reached 400 between
2000 and 2019. Studies show that climate change is the main reason for disasters such
as floods, storms, droughts, land subsidence, and wildfires in Iran. With approximately 687
million tons of CO2 production, Iran ranks first country responsible for climate change in the
Middle East and the sixth country in the World. It is noted that without necessary precautions,
the increase in climate-related disasters will be much higher in the next ten years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Global Warming
• Greenhouse Gases
• Natural Disasters
• Climate Change
• Iran

Kaynakça

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