Organik tarım üzerinde konvansiyonelleşme ve kırsal kalkınma tartışmaları

Öz

Küresel iklim değişikliğinin en somut sonuçlarından biri olan kuraklığın, geleceğin tarım anlayışını
köklü bir şekilde değiştireceği açıktır. Kuraklığa dayanıklı ve girdi maliyeti düşük olan ürünler
daha yaygın yetiştirilecektir. Dolayısıyla organik tarım uygulamaları ve bu konuda geliştirilen politikaların
önemi giderek artacaktır. Bununla birlikte organik tarımın ortaya çıkışı konvansiyonel
tarımın felsefesine bir karşı çıkıştır. Organik tarımda konvansiyonelleşme tartışmaları 1990’lardan
beri devam etmektedir. Aynı şekilde organik tarımda konvansiyonelleşme tartışmalarının
bundan sonra da artacağı düşünülmektedir. Konvansiyonelleşme sürecinde organik üreticilerin
temel motivasyonu kârı maksimize etmektir. Böylece bu sürecin kırsal kalkınmaya katkı sağlaması
beklenmektedir. Dahası küresel göçü azaltabilmenin alternatiflerinden birisi de değişen
küresel dinamiklere uyumlu kırsal kalkınma stratejilerinin izlenmesidir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın
amacı, organik tarım sektöründe yoğun bir şekilde tartışılan konvansiyonelleşme ve kırsal
kalkınma argümanlarının nasıl irdelendiğini ortaya koymaktır. Teorik tartışmalardan oluşan bu
araştırmada ortaya konan bazı sonuçlar bulunmaktadır. Bunların başında organik tarımda konvansiyonelleşme
ve kırsal kalkınma olguları arasında derin bir bağlantının olduğu sonucu ortaya
çıkmıştır. Konvansiyonelleşme kriterleri kırsal kalkınmayı tesis etmede önemli argümanlardan
biridir. Bu çalışma organik tarım ekseninde kırsal kalkınma ve konvansiyonelleşme argümanlarını
birbiriyle ilişkilendiren ilk araştırma olmasından dolayı literatürde önemli bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organik tarım
• konvansiyonelleşme
• kırsal kalkınma.

Conventionalization and rural development critics on organic farming ıssues

Öz

Drought, as an unavoidable result of global climate change, will undoubtedly have a negative
impact on farming in the future. Drought-resistant and low-cost products will be commonly
grown in the future. As a result, the importance of organic farming practices and policies will
grow significantly over time. Indeed, emergence of organic farming is an objection to the
philosophy of conventional farming. Conventionalisation critics in organic farming have continued
since the 1990s. Similarly, conventionalization critics in organic farming are expected
to increase in the future. The basic motivation of organic farmers in the conventionalization
process is to maximize their profits. So, this process also contributes to rural development.
Furthermore, one option for reducing international human migration is to pursue rural development
strategies that are compatible with ever-changing global dynamics. In this sense,
the purpose of this study is to understand how conventionalization and rural development
arguments are examined. According to theoretical critics, this study addresses a few issues.
In organic farming, there is a strong link between conventionalization and rural development
phenomena. Furthermore, conventionalization criteria are critical arguments for bolstering
rural development. The research fills literature gap in view that it creates a leader perspective
attaching conventionalization and rural development to the organic farming axis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organic agriculture
• conventionalisation
• rural development.

Kaynakça

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