Küresel sağlıktan sağlık turizmine COVID-19

Yıl 2020, , 107 - 114, 31.12.2020

Semra Günay Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.816615

Cited By: 2

Öz

Günümüzde nüfusun artış hızı sınırlı kaynaklar üzerindeki baskıyı arttırmış, doğal ve sosyal çevrelerin kalitesini de değiştirmiştir. Küresel turizm sisteminin gelişimi küresel kaynak kullanımını doğurmuştur. COVID-19 salgını gezegensel zaman ve mekân sıkıştırmasının bir sonucudur. Küresel olarak sürdürülebilirlik yönünde sistemsel anlamlı değişim olmaması sonucunda zoonoz salgınlarla karşı karşıya kalınmıştır. Küreselleşme süreçlerinin hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkilerinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan seyahat ve turizm endüstrisinin COVID- 19 salgınından etkilenme düzeyi yüksek olmuştur. Bu makalede Covid-19 salgını öncesi turizmin küresel yapısına ve salgının turizm üzerindeki etkilerine kısaca bakılarak, salgın sonrasında turizmin beklenen dönüşümüne ilişkin çerçeve oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu makale kaleme alındığı sırada Türkiye’ye yönelik turist akışına ilişkin veriler yayımlanmadığı için salgın sürecinde iç turizm hareketliliğinden yola çıkılarak salgın ve sağlık turizminin geleceğine ilişkin öngörüler paylaşılmıştır. Son olarak da turizmin dönüşüm sürecinde Türkiye’nin konumlandırılmasına ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, salgın hastalıklar, küresel değişim, sürdürülebilirlik, salgının turizme yansımaları

COVID-19 from global health to health tourism

Öz

Today, the population growth rate has increased the pressure on limited resources and has changed the quality of natural and social environments. In addition, as in other sectors, the development of a global tourism system has led to the use of global resources. New zoonotic epidemics have been faced as a result of the absence of a systemic change, that is, the world has progressed very slowly towards global sustainability. The emergence of COVID-19 in 2019 and 2020 has significantly affected the tourism industry as it has affected other sectors. In this article, it is aimed to create a framework for the expected transformation of tourism after the Covid-19 epidemic by briefly looking at the global structure of tourism and the effects of the epidemic on tourism. This article penned at the time of the outbreak has not been released to process data on the flow of tourists to Turkey starting from domestic tourism mobility epidemic and projections regarding the future of health tourism are shared. Finally, proposals have been made for positioning in the transformation process of Turkey’s tourism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Epidemics, Global change, Sustainability, Reflections of the epidemic on tourism

Kaynakça

• Becker, E. (2020). How hard will the coronavirus hit the travel industry? https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/2020/04/ how-coronavirus-is-impacting-thetravel-industry/ Son erişim 6 Mayıs 2020
• Benjamin, S., Dillette, A., & Alderman, D. H. (2020). “We can’t return to normal”: Committing to tourism equity in the post-pandemic age. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/1 4616688.2020.1759130
• Berry, M., Gamieldien, J., & Fielding, B. C. (2015). Identification of new respiratory viruses in the new millennium. Viruses, 7(3), 996-1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7030996
• Brouder, P. (2020). Reset redux: Possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a COVID-19 world. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 1-7. https://doi:10.1080/14616688.2020. 1760928
• Crossley, É. (2020). Ecological grief generates desire for environmental healing in tourism after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759133
• Devaux, C. A., Mediannikov, O., Medkour, H., & Raoult, D. (2019). Infectious disease risk across the growing human-non human primate interface: A review of the evidence. Frontiers in Public Health, 7, 1-22.
• Everingham, P., & Chassagne, N. (2020). Post COVID-19 ecological and social reset: Moving away from capitalist growth models towards tourism as Buen Vivir. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 555- 566. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1762119
• Falk, J. H., Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Benckendorff, P. (2012). Travel and learning: A neglected tourism research area. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 908–927.
• Galvani, A., Lew, A. A., & Perez, M. S. (2020). COVID-19 is expanding global consciousness and the sustainability of travel and tourism. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 567-576. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/14616688.2020.1760924
• Gossling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/096695 82.2020.1758708
• Gossling, S., & Peeters, P. (2015). Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 1900-2050. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 639–659.
• Hall, M.C, Scott, D., & Gössling, S. (2020) Pandemics, transformations and tourism: Be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 577-598. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131
• Harvey, D. (1990). The condition of postmodernity. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Ioannides, D., & Gyimóthy, S. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity for escaping the unsustainable global tourism path. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 624-632. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14616688.2020.1763445
• Lew, A. A. (2018). Why travel?–travel, tourism, and global consciousness. Tourism Geographies, 20(4), 742-749.
• Mostafanezhad, M. (2020). Covid-19 is an unnatural disaster: Hope in revelatory moments of crisis. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 639-645. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1763446
• Niewiadomski, P. (2020). COVID-19: From temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of tourism?. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 651-656. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1757749
• Romagosa, F. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis: Opportunities for sustainable and proximity tourism. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 690- 694. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1763447
• Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity, 109, 102433, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jaut.2020.102433
• Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 Salgın Yönetimi ve Çalışma Rehberi. Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ Eklenti/39058/0/covid-19salginyonetimivecalismarehberipdf. pdf Son erişim 1 Ekim 2020
• Stankov, U., Filimonau, V., & Vujičić, M. D. (2020). A mindful shift: An opportunity for mindfulness-driven tourism in a post-pandemic world. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 703-712. https://doi.org/10 .1080/14616688.2020.1768432
• Tremblay-Huet, S. (2020). COVID-19 leads to a new context for the “right to tourism”: A reset of tourists’ perspectives on space appropriation is needed. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 720-723. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759136
• TÜRSAB, 2020. Sağlık turizmi raporu http://www.tursab.org.tr/dosya/ 12186/saglikturizmiraporu_12186_5485299.pdf Son erişim 1 Ekim 2020
• Yu, M., Li, Z., Yu, Z., He, J., & Zhou, J. (2020). Communication related health crisis on social media: a case of COVID-19 outbreak. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500. 2020.1752632
• Zeng, B., Carter, R. W., & De Lacy, T. (2005). Short-term perturbations and tourism effects: The case of SARS in China. Current Issues in Tourism, 8(4), 306-322. https://doi. org/10.1080/13683500508668220
• Warf, B. (2011). Teaching time–space compression. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 35(2), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1 080/03098265.2010.523681
• https://data.tuik.gov.tr/tr/display-bulletin/?bulletin=hanehalki- yurt-ici-turizm-ii-ceyrek-nisan-haziran-2020-33666# Son erişim 1 Ekim 2020