Yangın sonrası Akdeniz kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanlarında toprak element konsantrasyonlarındaki değişimler

Öz

Orman yangınları, Akdeniz ekosistemlerinde vejetasyon yapısını, besin döngülerini, erozyon süreçlerini, su kalitesini ve toprakların fiziksel ile kimyasal özelliklerini önemli ölçüde etkileyen doğal bozulma olaylarıdır. Bu çalışma, Antalya ili Serik ilçesi Gebiz yöresinde, yarı kurak Akdeniz iklim koşullarında yer alan kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanlarında, yangından bir yıl sonra üst toprakta (0–5 cm) meydana gelen kimyasal değişimleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yangın geçirmiş ve kontrol alanlarından alınan toplam 12 toprak örneğinde toplam azot (TN), fosfor (P), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), potasyum (K), sodyum (Na), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn), manganez (Mn), organik karbon (OC), pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) ve kalsiyum karbonat (CaCO₃) analiz edilmiştir. Veriler, dağılım özelliklerine göre eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-testi veya Wilcoxon testiyle değerlendirilmiş; ayrıca yangın kaynaklı zenginleşme faktörü (EFWF) hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular, yangın sonrası Zn (3,45), K (2,83), Ca (2,22), Mn (1,52) ve P (1,17) elementlerinde belirgin artışlar olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna karşın Fe (1,00) ve Cu (1,01) değerleri benzer kalmış, Mg (0,64) ve Na (0,85) azalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yangından bir yıl sonra dahi toprak kimyasında anlamlı değişimlerin sürdüğü ve bu etkinin yangın sonrası toprak yönetimi ile rehabilitasyon planlamasında dikkate alınması gerektiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orman yangını
• toprak kimyası
• makro ve mikro elementler
• zenginleşme faktörü
• Akdeniz ekosistemi

Post-fire changes in soil element concentrations of Mediterranean Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests

Abstract

Forest fires are major disturbance events that significantly affect vegetation structure, nutrient cycling, erosion processes, water quality, and the physical and chemical properties of soils in Mediterranean ecosystems. This study aims to examine the changes in surface soil (0–5 cm) chemical properties one year after a wildfire in Pinus brutia Ten. forests located in the Gebiz region of Serik district, Antalya, under semi-arid Mediterranean climatic conditions. A total of 12 soil samples collected from burned and unburned (control) areas were analyzed for total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), organic carbon (OC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Data were statistically evaluated using the paired-sample t-test or Wilcoxon test depending on distribution characteristics, and the fire-related enrichment factor (EFWF) was calculated. The results indicated significant increases in Zn (3.45), K (2.83), Ca (2.22), Mn (1.52), and P (1.17) after the fire, while Fe (1.00) and Cu (1.01) remained similar and Mg (0.64) and Na (0.85) decreased. Overall, the findings demonstrate that substantial alterations in soil chemistry persist even one year after the fire, highlighting the need to consider these effects in post-fire soil management and rehabilitation planning.

Keywords

• Wildfire
• soil chemistry
• macro and micro elements
• enrichment factor
• Mediterranean ecosystem

Kaynakça

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