Effects of Dietary Momordica Charantia Supplementations on Broiler Performance, Blood Parameters, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Morphology

Abstract

Momordica charantia (MC) is one of the most often used medicinal plants, a rich source of vitamins and minerals. This study aimed to assess the effects of a food supplementation of MC extract at various doses (0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 g kg-1) on the performance, carcass yield, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and some blood parameters in broilers. A total of 288 Ross 308 broiler chicks (1 day old) were used in the experiment. Animals were divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates. Feed intake (FI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion rate (FCR), and carcass yield were unaffected by MC extract supplementations. The group treated with a high dosage of MC extract had significantly lower serum phosphor (P) levels than the other groups (P<0.05). In the small intestine sections of the MC supplemented groups, goblet cell number (GCN), crypt depth (CD), villus length (VL), and epithelial height (EH) had significantly increased (P<0.05). Conversely, MC had a quite limited and variable effect on meat quality parameters. In conclusion, the MC extract doses studied in the study have no significant effect on the performance of the broiler. Furthermore, contrasting several dosages in different housing and health conditions plans can be essential.

Keywords

• Phytoextract
• Momordica Charantia
• Broiler
• Performance
• Intestinal Morphology

Kaynakça

1. Grover JK, Yadav SP. Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;93(1):123–32.
2. Sharma Y. A chemical and medicinal potency of Momordica charantia. 2019;8(6):531–6.
3. Miura T, Itoh C, Iwamoto N, Kato M, Kawai M, Park SR, et al. Hypoglycemic activity of the fruit of the Momordica charantia in type 2 diabetic mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2001;47(5):340–4.
4. Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay NG. Comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Jan 1;84(1):105–8.
5. Singh RK, Dhiman RC, Mittal PK. Mosquito larvicidal properties of Momordica charantia Linn (Family: Cucurbitaceae). J Vector Borne Dis. 2006;(June):88–91.
6. Jiratchariyakul W, Wiwat C, Vongsakul M, Somanabandhu A, Leelamanit W, Fujii I, et al. HIV Inhibitor from Thai Bitter Gourd. Planta Med. 2001;67(04):350–3.
7. Shahadat HM, Mostofa M, Mamun MAA, Hoque ME, Awal MA. Comparative efficacy of korolla (Momordica charantia) extract and Ivermec® pour on with their effects on certain blood parameters and body weight gain in indigenous chicken infected with Ascaridia galli. Bangladesh J Vet Med. 2008;6(2):153–8.
8. Sur S, Ray RB. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia), a nutraceutical approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(8):1–22.

9. Bortolotti M, Mercatelli D, Polito L. Momordica charantia, a nutraceutical approach for inflammatory related diseases. Vol. 10, Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2019.
10. Mahmood MS, Rafique A, Younas W, Aslam B. Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd) as a candidate for the control of bacterial and fungal growth. Pakistan J Agric Sci. 2019;56(4):1031–6.
11. Abdelkarim H, Rukayadi Y, Abdulkarim SM, Sulaiman R. Effect of dried and extrudate of bitter gourd fruit on epithelial microflora in raw chicken legs meat. Int Food Res J. 2017;24(5):2253–8.
12. Zuhra FT, Paul AK, Riad MM, Ahmed MS. Effects of Probiotics and Phytoextracts on Growth and Immunomodulating Performances of Broiler Chickens. Bangladesh J Vet Med. 2018;16(1):13–21.
13. NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. Nutr Requir Poult. 9th ed. 1994;1994.
14. Gökalp HY, Kaya M, Tülek Y, Zorba O. Guide for quality control and laboratory application of meat products. Erzurum: Atatürk Univ. Publ. (751); 2001.
15. Lemon D. An improved TBA test for rancidity new series circular, No: 51. Halifax, NS, Canada Halifax-Laboratory [Internet]. 1975;0–3. Available from: http://icnaf.nafo.int/docs/1974/res-07.pdf
16. Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia : Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2017;18(12):2555. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/12/2555/htm
17. Senanayake GVK, Maruyama M, Shibuya K, Sakono M, Fukuda N, Morishita T, et al. The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on serum and liver triglyceride levels in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;91(2–3):257–62.
18. Ng TB, Wong CM, Li WW, Yeung HW. A steryl glycoside fraction from Momordica charantia seeds with an inhibitory action on lipid metabolism in vitro. Biochem Cell Biol. 1986;64(8):766–71.
19. Kumar KPS, Bhowmik D. Traditional medicinal uses and therapeutic benefits of Momordica charantia Linn. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2010;4(3):23–8.
20. Xu B, Li Z, Zeng T, Zhan J, Wang S, Ho CT, et al. Bioactives of Momordica charantia as Potential Anti-Diabetic/Hypoglycemic Agents. Molecules. 2022;27(7):1–17.