AN OVERVIEW OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

Öz

Increasingly, in this century that we have evolved into a risk society, disasters negatively affect them in many ways and weaken their resilience. Consequently, in recent years, the global focus has been on developing disaster resilience. Because increasing the resilience of the society means reducing the effects of the disaster. Therefore, creating disaster-resilient communities is the most effective way to protect a community's future. This study aims to discuss the concept of disaster resilience, the place and importance of disaster resilience in disaster management, and the steps taken in the international context in a broader framework. Accordingly, building disaster-resilient societies is crucial for successful and integrated disaster management and sustainable development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster
• Disaster Management
• Resilience
• Disaster Resilience
• Disaster-resilient society.

Kaynakça

1. 1. EM-DAT,2020. Disaster Year in Review 2019. (Cited:13/05/2020). Available from: https://www.emdat.be/publications.
2. 2. EM-DAT, 2021.Disaster Year in Review 2020 Global Trends and Perspectives. (Cited: 20/05/2021.). Available from: https://www.emdat.be/publications.
3. 3. Day SJ, Forster T, Himmelsbach J, Korte L, Mucke P, Radtke K, Thielbörger P, Weller D. World risk report 2019—focus: Water supply. Berlin, Germany: Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft; 2019.
4. 4. IPCC. AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland; 2014.
5. 5. Karapınar B, Özertan G, Tanaka T, An N, Turp MT. (2020). İklim Değişikliği Etkisi Altında Tarımsal Ürün Arzının Sürdürülebilirliği. TÜSİAD, İstanbul; 2020.
6. 6. Mayunga JS. Understanding and applying the concept of community disaster resilience: a capital-based approach. Summer Academy For Social Vulnerability And Resilience Building. 2007; 1(1): 1-16.
7. 7. Colten CE, Kates RW, Laska SB. Community resilience: lessons from new orleans and hurricane katrina. CARRI Report, 3; 2008.
8. 8. Klein, RJ, Nicholls, RJ, Thomalla, F. Resilience to natural hazards: how useful is this concept?. Environmental Hazards.2003; 5(1): 35-45.

9. 9. Kafle, SK. Measuring disaster-resilient communities: a case study of coastal communities in Indonesia. Journal Of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning. 2012; 5(4): 315-325.
10. 10. Manyena, B, O'Brien, G, O'Keefe, P, Rose, J.Disaster resilience: a bounce back or bounce forward ability?. Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability. 2011; 16(5): 417-424.
11. 11. Zobel, CW. Representing perceived tradeoffs in defining disaster resilience. Decision Support Systems. 2011; 50(2): 394-403.
12. 12. Tulane University,2012. Haiti humanitarian assistance evaluation: from a resilience perspective. Tulane University’s Disaster Resilience Leadership Academy. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/haiti-humanitarian-assistance-evaluation-resilience-perspective.
13. 13. Varol, N, Kırıkkaya, EB. Afetler karşısında toplum dirençliliği. Resilience, 2017; 1(1), 1-9.
14. 14. Lucini, B. Disaster resilience from a sociological perspective, exploring three Italian earthquakes as models for disaster resilience planning. Humanitarian Solutions in the 21st Century, Springer International Publishing, Cham; 2014.
15. 15. Mayunga JS. Measuring the measure: a multi-dimensional scale model to measure community disaster resilience in the us gulf coast region. Texas A&M Universit;2009.
16. 16. Ahsan, MM, Mahmood, SS, Varol, N. Assessment of climate disaster resilience ın dhaka city: a case study of Ward No. 28 Of Dhaka South City corporation. Journal of Disaster and Risk. 2018;1(2): 81-92.
17. 17. Cutter, SL, Barnes, L, Berry, M, Burton, C, Evans, E, Tate, E, Webb, J. A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change. 2008;18(4): 598-606.
18. 18. Bruneau, M, Chang, SE, Eguchi, RT, Lee, GC, O'Rourke, TD, Reinhorn, AM., ... ,Von Winterfeldt, D. A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake Spectra. 2003;19(4): 733-752.
19. 19. Parsons M, Glavac S, Hastings P, Marshall G, McGregor J, McNeill J, Morley P, Stayner R. Top-down assessment of disaster resilience: a conceptual framework using coping and adaptive capacities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2016;19: 1-11.
20. 20. Amaratunga D, Faber M, Haigh R, Indirli M, Kaklauskas A, Lill I, Perdikou S, Rochas C, Sparf J, Perera S, Thayaparan M, Velazquez, J. ANDROID report: disaster resilience education and research roadmap for Europe 2030. Disaster Resilience Network, 2015. Available from: www.disaster-resilience.net.
21. 21. Pasteur K. from vulnerability to resilience, a framework for analysis and action to build community resilience. Practical Action Publishing,UK; 2011.
22. 22. First J. The Development And Validation Of The Disaster Adaptation And Resilience Scale. (Doctoral Dissertation, The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri, USA); 2019.
23. 23. UNISDR, 2009. UNISDR Terminology On Disaster Risk Reduction. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Genova. Available from: http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology.
24. 24. Gall M. From Social Vulnerability To Resilience: Measuring Progress Toward Disaster Risk Reduction. Interdisciplinary Security ConnecTions’ Publication Series of UNU-EHS, No. 13; 2013.
25. 25. Adger WN. Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change. 2006; 16(3): 268-281.
26. 26. UNDP, 2014. Disaster resilience measurements stocktaking of ongoing efforts in developing systems for measuring resilience. Available from: https://www.preventionweb.net/publications/view/37916.
27. 27. Twigg J. Characteristics of a disaster-resilient community: a guidance note. Department for International Development (DFID), London; 2007. Available from: http://lib.riskreductionafrica.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/623/characteristics%20of%20a.pdf?sequence=1.
28. 28. Godschalk DR. Urban hazard mitigation: creating resilient cities. Natural Hazards Review, 2003; 4(3), 136-143.
29. 29. Özer YE. Risk azaltma yaklaşımı çerçevesinde dirençli kentler. Bursa: Ekin; 2018.
30. 30. Karaman ZT. Afet yönetimine giriş ve Türkiye’de örgütlenme. Bütünleşik Afet Yönetimi (Ed: Zerrin Toprak Karaman, Asuman Altay). Ss: 1-38. İlkem, İzmir; 2017.
31. 31. Karaman ZT. Risk toplumunda afetlerde erken uyarı, mukavemetli toplum ve kamu yönetiminin ikna kapasitesi. BEÜ SBE Derg. 2019;8(1), 185-212.
32. 32. Beck U. Critical theory of world risk society: a cosmopolitan vision. Constellations, 2009;16(1), 3-22.
33. 33. Koçak H, Memiş K. Ulrich beck'in risk toplum teorisi bağlamında güvenlik ve özgürlük ikilemi. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences. 2017;19(2): 251-265.
34. 34. Arbon P, Gebbie K, Cusack L, Perera S, Verdonk S. Developing a model and tool to measure community disaster resilience. Torrens Resilience Institute, 28; 2012.
35. 35. Arbon P, Gebbie K, Cusack L, Perera S, Verdonk S. Developing a model and tool to measure community disaster resilience. Torrens Resilience Institute, 28; 2012.
36. 36. Arbon P, Steenkamp M, Cornell V, Cusack L, Gebbie K. Measuring disaster resilience in communities and households. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment. 2016; 7 (2): 201- 215.
37. 37. Tierney K, BruneauM. Conceptualizing and measuring resilience: a key to disaster loss reduction. TR News, 250 (pp: 14-18); 2007.
38. 38. Yokohama Strategy. Plan of action for a safer world-guidelines for natural disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation. In World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction. Yokohama, Japan; 1994, May.
39. 39. WHO, 2020. Millennium development goals (MDGs) https://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/about/en/, Available from: 06/04/2020.
40. 40. Yılmazer M, Onay M. Bölgesel kuruluşların liderliğinde binyıl kalkınma hedeflerinin başarısı: İZTO, İzka Projeleri. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi. 2014;6(1): 1-16.
41. 41. Özbakır SN. Birleşmiş milletler binyıl kalkınma hedefleri ve 2030 sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri. İzmir Ticaret Odası, İzmir; 2016. Available from: http://izto.org.tr/demo_betanix/uploads/cms/yonetim.ieu.edu.tr/6360_1470056885.pdf.
42. 42. UNISDR, 2005. Hyogo framework for action 2005–2015: building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. World Conference on Disaster Reduction (A/CONF. 206/6). Geneva: The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
43. 43. Pradhan C, Chauhan R. Disaster resilience for sustainable development in Nepal. Disaster Risk Reduction Methods, Approaches and Practice-An Interdisciplinary Approach for Disaster Resilience and Sustainability (pp. 21-33). Edt. Indrajit Pal, Jason von Meding, Sangam Shrestha, Iftekhar Ahmed, Thayaparan Gajendran. Springer, Singapore; 2020.
44. 44. Keating A, Campbell K, Szoenyi M, McQuistan C, Nash D, Burer M. Development and testing of a community flood resilience measurement tool. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 2017;17(1): 77-101.
45. 45. UNISDR, 2015. Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland, https://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf, Available from: 25.03.2020.
46. 46. Pal I, Von Meding J, Klinmalai C. Regional perspectives on disaster resilience and sustainable development. Disaster Risk Reduction Methods, Approaches and Practice-An Interdisciplinary Approach for Disaster Resilience and Sustainability (pp. 3-20). Edt. Indrajit Pal, Jason von Meding, Sangam Shrestha, Iftekhar Ahmed, Thayaparan Gajendran. Springer, Singapore; 2020.
47. 47. UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015. Disaster risk reduction and resilience in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://www.unisdr.org/files/46052_disasterriskreductioninthe2030agend.pdf, Available from: 25.03.2020.
48. 48. UNFCCC,2015. Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Report No. FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1, Available from: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf.
49. 49.Habitat III-Yeni Kentsel Gündem, 2020. https://habitat.csb.gov.tr/. Available from: 31.05.2020.