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TÜRKİYE’DE BENZİNLERİN SIVI SİNTİLASYON TEKNİĞİ İLE 14C AKTİVİTESİNİN BELİRLENEREK BİYOETANOL ORANLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 49 - 59, 26.06.2019

Öz


Benzin-biyoetanol
karışım oranının deneysel olarak tespit edilmesinde Sıvı Sintilasyon Sayım
Tekniği (LSC) yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tekniğin ana prensibi atmosferde
doğal yollarla oluşan ve zamanla bütün canlıların vücudunda bir dengeye gelen
ve yarı ömrü 5730 yıl olan 14C izotopunun radyoaktivite seviyesinin
ölçülmesidir. Benzin, milyonlarca yıl önce ölüp toprak altında kalmış olan
canlıların ısı ve basınç etkisiyle dönüşmüş olduğu petrolden üretilmektedir.
Biyoetanol ise şeker pancarı, şeker kamışı, mısır, tatlı sorgum gibi bitkilerin
fermente edilmesi ile üretilen bir çeşit biyoyakıttır. Benzinde bulunan 14C
radyoaktivite seviyesinin milyonlarca yıl içerisinde yarılanarak ölçülemeyecek
seviyelere gerilemesi, biyoetanolün ise atmosferle denge halinde 14C
seviyesine sahip olması benzin-biyoetanol karışım oranlarının belirlenmesine
olanak sağlamaktadır.


Bu çalışmada
sıvı sintilasyon sayımı ile ticari olarak temin edilebilen benzin ve biyoetanol
karışımLarının karışım oranları belirlenmiştir.




Kaynakça

  • 1) https://unfccc.int/documents
  • 2) Yunoki, S., Saito, M., 2009, A simple method to determine bioethanol content in gasoline using two-step extraction and liquid scintillation counting, Bioresource Technology, 100, 6125-6128.
  • 3) Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 On the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, 2009 Off J Eur Commun, L140 (2009), pp. 16-62
  • 4) https://www.iea.org/tcep/transport/biofuels/
  • 5) R. Idoeta, E. Pérez, M. Herranz, F. Legarda, 2014, Characteristic parameters in the measurement of 14C of biobased diesel fuels by liquid scintillation Appl Radiat Isot, 93, pp. 110-113.
  • 6) Dijs, I.J., Van Der Windt, E., Kaihola, E., Van Der Borg, E., 2006, Quantitative determination by 14C analysis of the biological component in fuels Radiocarbon, 48 (3), pp. 315-323.
  • 7) Edler, R., Kaihola, L., 2010, Differentiation between fossil and biofuels by liquid scintillation beta spectrometry-direct method, Nukleonika, 55 (1), pp. 127-131.
  • 8) Norton, G.A., Cline, A.M., Thompson, G.C., 2012, Use of radiocarbon analyses for determining levels of biodiesel in fuel blend – comparison with ASTM method D7371 for FAME, Fuel, 96, pp. 284-290.
  • 9) Kristof, R., Logar, J.K., 2013, Direct LSC method for measurements of biofuels in fuel, Talanta, 111, pp. 183-188
  • 10) Kristof, R., Hirsch, M., Logar, J.K., 2014, Implementation of direct LSC method for diesel samples on the fuel market Appl Radiat Isot, 93, pp. 101-105.
  • 11) Bronić, I.A., Barešić, J., Horvatinčić, N., Sironić, A., 2016, Determination of biogenic component in liquid fuels by the 14C direct LSC method by using quenching properties of modern liquids for calibration Radiat Phys Chem, 137, 248-253.
  • 12) http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/07/20120707-35.htm
  • 13) https://www.perkinelmer.com.cn/CMSResources/Images/46-73870SPC_1220Quantulus.pdf

DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 49 - 59, 26.06.2019

Öz



Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) technique is commonly applied in
determining the fraction of bioethanol-gasoline blending. The basic principle
of the technique is to measure the radioactivity level of 14C
isotope with the half-life of 5730 years, which is formed naturally and reaches
to equilibrium in the bodies of all the living organisms. Gasoline is produced
from petroleum, which is formed by the organisms that had died millions years
ago and exposed to pressure and heat under the ground. In addition, bioethanol
is a type of biofuel, obtained from fermentation of such crops like sugar beet,
sugar cane, corn and sweet sorghum. Owing to the fact that the 14C radioactivity
level in gasoline becomes to the unmeasurable levels within millions years and
the bioethanol has 14C level in equilibrium with the atmosphere, it
is possible to determine the blending ratios of gasoline and bioethanol.


In this study, the applicability of the determination
of the ratio of biological additives in gasoline by the liquid scintillation
counting technique was investigated. Gasoline-bioethanol mixture ratios were
determined successfully in the commercially available gasoline and bioethanol
mixtures.

Kaynakça

  • 1) https://unfccc.int/documents
  • 2) Yunoki, S., Saito, M., 2009, A simple method to determine bioethanol content in gasoline using two-step extraction and liquid scintillation counting, Bioresource Technology, 100, 6125-6128.
  • 3) Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 On the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, 2009 Off J Eur Commun, L140 (2009), pp. 16-62
  • 4) https://www.iea.org/tcep/transport/biofuels/
  • 5) R. Idoeta, E. Pérez, M. Herranz, F. Legarda, 2014, Characteristic parameters in the measurement of 14C of biobased diesel fuels by liquid scintillation Appl Radiat Isot, 93, pp. 110-113.
  • 6) Dijs, I.J., Van Der Windt, E., Kaihola, E., Van Der Borg, E., 2006, Quantitative determination by 14C analysis of the biological component in fuels Radiocarbon, 48 (3), pp. 315-323.
  • 7) Edler, R., Kaihola, L., 2010, Differentiation between fossil and biofuels by liquid scintillation beta spectrometry-direct method, Nukleonika, 55 (1), pp. 127-131.
  • 8) Norton, G.A., Cline, A.M., Thompson, G.C., 2012, Use of radiocarbon analyses for determining levels of biodiesel in fuel blend – comparison with ASTM method D7371 for FAME, Fuel, 96, pp. 284-290.
  • 9) Kristof, R., Logar, J.K., 2013, Direct LSC method for measurements of biofuels in fuel, Talanta, 111, pp. 183-188
  • 10) Kristof, R., Hirsch, M., Logar, J.K., 2014, Implementation of direct LSC method for diesel samples on the fuel market Appl Radiat Isot, 93, pp. 101-105.
  • 11) Bronić, I.A., Barešić, J., Horvatinčić, N., Sironić, A., 2016, Determination of biogenic component in liquid fuels by the 14C direct LSC method by using quenching properties of modern liquids for calibration Radiat Phys Chem, 137, 248-253.
  • 12) http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/07/20120707-35.htm
  • 13) https://www.perkinelmer.com.cn/CMSResources/Images/46-73870SPC_1220Quantulus.pdf
Toplam 13 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Metroloji,Uygulamalı ve Endüstriyel Fizik
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

İbrahim Tükenmez

Gençay Gündoğdu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tükenmez, İ., & Gündoğdu, G. (2019). DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences, 31(1), 49-59.
AMA Tükenmez İ, Gündoğdu G. DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences. Haziran 2019;31(1):49-59.
Chicago Tükenmez, İbrahim, ve Gençay Gündoğdu. “DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY”. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences 31, sy. 1 (Haziran 2019): 49-59.
EndNote Tükenmez İ, Gündoğdu G (01 Haziran 2019) DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences 31 1 49–59.
IEEE İ. Tükenmez ve G. Gündoğdu, “DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY”, Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences, c. 31, sy. 1, ss. 49–59, 2019.
ISNAD Tükenmez, İbrahim - Gündoğdu, Gençay. “DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY”. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences 31/1 (Haziran 2019), 49-59.
JAMA Tükenmez İ, Gündoğdu G. DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences. 2019;31:49–59.
MLA Tükenmez, İbrahim ve Gençay Gündoğdu. “DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY”. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences, c. 31, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 49-59.
Vancouver Tükenmez İ, Gündoğdu G. DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences. 2019;31(1):49-5.