Açık alan rekreasyonunun ontolojik iyi oluş ve okul bağlılığı üzerindeki rolü
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 272 - 285, 31.12.2025
Burçin Kırlar Can
,
Mehmet Ertaş
,
Hande Mutlu Öztürk
Öz
Otoetnografik yaklaşımın benimsendiği bu çalışmada açık alan rekreasyonu faaliyetlerinin üniversite öğrencilerinin ontolojik iyi oluşları ve okul bağlılıkları üzerindeki rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırmada etik ve emik yaklaşım bir arada ele alınmıştır. 2022-2024 yılları arasındaki eğitim-öğretim dönemlerini kapsayan çalışmanın ilk aşamasında yazarlar konu ile ilgili kendi gözlem notlarını tutmuş, ardından tam yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile görev yaptıkları fakültenin Rekreasyon Yönetimi Bölümü öğrencilerinden nitel veri toplamıştır. Üçüncü aşamada açık alan rekreasyonu dersini alan öğrencilerden oluşan bir örneklem grubu ile odak grup görüşmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda açık alan rekreasyonu etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin ontolojik iyi oluşlarını ve okul bağlılıklarını artırarak derse katılım ve akademik başarılarını olumlu yönde etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Aynı zamanda etkinlikler öğrencilerin sosyal ilişkilerini güçlendirip yeni arkadaşlıklar kurmalarını sağlamakta, özgüvenlerini artırmakta ve diğer öğrencilerle olan ilişkilerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışmada kullanılan veri toplama yöntemleri için Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’ndan 08/07/2024 tarihli ve 68282350/2024/12 no.lu toplantısında 12 sıra sayılı kararı ile izin alınmıştır. Aksi bir durumun tespiti halinde TO&RE Dergisinin hiçbir sorumluluğu olmayıp, tüm sorumluluk çalışmanın yazarlarına aittir.
Kaynakça
-
Adams, T. E., Jones, S. H. & Ellis, C. (2015). Autoethnography: Understanding Qualitative Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
Andre, E. K., Williams, N., Schwartz, F. & Bullard, C. (2017). Benefits of campus outdoor recreation programs: A review of the literature, Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 9(1), 15-25. Doi: 10.18666/JOREL-2017-V9-I1-7491
-
Arastaman, G. (2009). Lise birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okula bağlılık (school engagement) durumlarına ilişkin öğrenci, öğretmen ve yöneticilerin görüşleri, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 102-112.
-
Bailey, A. W. & Kang, H.-K. (2015). Modeling the impact of wilderness orientation programs on first-year academic success and life purpose, Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 15(3), 209-223. Doi:10.1080/14729679.2014.9
-
Bapoğlu-Dümenci, S. S. & Gürsoy, F. (2024). Açık alanda uygulanan matematik programının 54-66 yaş grubu çocukların matematiği sevmelerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi, Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 98, 208-222. E-ISSN:2148-0710-pISSN:1301-6229
-
Bond, M. & Bergdahl, N. (2022). Student Engagement in Open, Distance, and Digital Education, İçinde, O. Zawacki-Richter & I. Jung (Ed.), Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, ss. 1309-1324, Singapur: Springer.
-
Brewster, A. B. & Bowen, G. L. (2004). Teacher support and the school engagement of Latino middle and high school students at risk of school failure, Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(1), 47-67.
-
Brown, C. & Shay, M. (2021). From resilience to wellbeing: Identity‐building as an alternative framework for schools’ role in promoting children’s mental health, Review of Education, 9(2), 599-634. Doi: 10.1002/rev3.3264
-
Castells, M. (2008). Enformasyon Çağı: Ekonomi, Toplum ve Kültür, (Birinci Cilt) Ağ Toplumunun Yükselişi (Çeviren E. Kılıç). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
-
Civelek, P. & Özyılmaz-Akamca, G. (2018). Açık alan etkinliklerinin okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların bilimsel süreç becerilerine etkisi, Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(6), 2011-2020. Doi: 10.24106/kefdergi.2297
-
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being, Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. Doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
-
Diener, E., Heintzelman, S. J., Kushlev, K., Tay, L., Wirtz, D., Lutes, L. D. & Oishi, S. (2016). Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being, Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 58(2), 87-104. Doi: 10.1037/cap0000063
-
Diener, E., Napa Scollon, C. & Lucas, R. E. (2009). The Evolving Concept of Subjective Well-Being: The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness, İçinde, E. Diener (Ed.), Assessing Well-Being-The Collected Work of Ed Diener, ss. 67-100, Dordrecht: Springer.
-
Dilmaç, E. & Batman, O. (2024). Outdoor Recreation from Ontological and Phenomenological Perspectives, İçinde T. H. Göktuğ (Ed.), Architectural Sciences and Outdoor Recreation, ss. 1-26, Ankara: Iksad Publications.
-
Down, M., Picknoll, D., Hoyne, G., Piggott, B. & Bulsara, C. (2024). “When the real stuff happens”: A qualitative descriptive study of the psychosocial outcomes of outdoor adventure education for adolescents. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 1-21. Doi: 10.1007/s42322-023-00151-3
-
Ergün, U. & Satici, S. A. (2024). Social connectedness to ontological well-being: mediating role of loneliness and death anxiety, Current Psychology, 43(6), 5057-5064. Doi: 10.1007/s12144-023-04692-0.
-
Frauman, E. & Waryold, D. (2009). Impact of a wilderness orientation program on college student’s life effectiveness, Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 1(2), 191-209. Doi: 10.7768/1948-5123.1018
-
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C. & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence, Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109. Doi: 10.3102/00346543074001059
-
Gibbison, G. A., Tracyann, L. H. & Perkins-Brown, J. (2011). The chicken soup effect: The role of recreation and intramural participation in boosting freshman grade point average, Economics of Education Review, 30(2), 247-257. Doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.09.003
-
Godbey, G. (2009). Outdoor Recreation, Health, and Wellness: Understanding and Enhancing the Relationship. Washington: Resources for the Future.
-
Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries, Educational Communication and Technology, 29(2), 75-91. Doi: 10.1007/BF02766777
-
Holzer, B. M., Ramuz, O., Minder, C. E. & Zimmerli, L. (2022). Motivation and personality factors of Generation Z high school students aspiring to study human medicine, BMC Medical Education, 22(31), 1-10. Doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-03099-4
-
Kansagra, S. (2020). Sleep disorders in adolescents, Pediatrics, 145(S2), S204-S209. Doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-2056I
-
Kim, J., Park, C., Fish, M., Kim, Y. J. & Kim, B. (2024). Are certain types of leisure activities associated with happiness and life satisfaction among college students?. World Leisure Journal, 66(1), 12-25. Doi: 10.1080/16078055.2023.2222701
-
Kocayörük, E., Altıntaş, E., Şimşek, Ö. F., Bozanoğlu, İ. & Çelik, B. (2018). Ontological wellbeing of university students: A cluster-analysis approach, Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 33(3), 550-564. Doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2017032927
-
Litwiller, F., White, C., Hamilton-Hinch, B. & Gilbert, R. (2022). The impacts of recreation programs on the mental health of postsecondary students in North America: An integrative review, Leisure Sciences, 44(1), 96-120. Doi: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1483851
-
Lombardi, E., Traficante, D., Bettoni, R., Offredi, I., Giorgetti, M. & Vernice, M. (2019). The impact of school climate on well-being experience and school engagement: A study with high-school students, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2482. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02482
-
Mostowlansky, T. & Rota, A. (2020). Emic and Etic. İçinde F. Stein, S. Lazar, M. Candea, H. Diemberger, J. Robbins, A. Sanchez & R. Stasch (Ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology. http://doi.org/10.29164/20emicetic
-
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. California: Sage Publications.
-
Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D. & Connolly, H. (2020). Parents still matter: The influence of parental enforcement of bedtime on adolescents’ depressive symptoms, Sleepj, 43(5), 1-11. Doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz287
-
Puhakka, R. (2021). University students’ participation in outdoor recreation and the perceived well-being effects of nature, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 36, 1-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2021.100425
-
Perdue, N. H., Manzeske, D. P. & Estell, D. B. (2009). Early predictors of school engagement: Exploring the role of peer relationships, Psychology in the Schools, 46(10), 1084-1097. Doi: 10.1002/pits.20446
-
Reed, K. B., Hanna, S., Bai, S. & Agans, J. P. (2022). Outdoor recreation as an asset for youth development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 14(1), 62-77. Doi: 10.18666/JOREL-2022-V14-I1-11167
-
Rolling, H. J. (2013). Arts-Based Research. New York: Peter Lang Primer.
-
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
-
Schimmel, C. J., Daniels, J. A., Wassif J. & Jacobs, E. (2016). Learning the ropes: A creative orientation approach for counseling students, Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 11(1), 27-38. Doi: 10.1080/15401383.2015.1095663
-
Seemiller, C. & Grace, M. (2017). Generation Z: Educating and engaging the next generation of students, About Campus, 22(3), 21-26. Doi:10.1002/abc.21293
-
Seemiller, C. & Grace, M. (2019). Generation Z: A Century in the Making. Oxon: Routledge.
-
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. New York: Free Press.
-
Şener, S., Bahçeci, V., Doğru, H., Sel, Z. G., Ertaş, M., Songür, S. & Tütüncü, Ö. (2017). Turizm alanındaki nitel araştırmaların güvenirlik ve geçerlik ölçütleri kapsamında değerlendirilmesi, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 28(1), 7-26. Doi: 10.17123/atad.316083
-
Şimşek, Ö. F. & Kocayörük, E. (2013). Affective reactions to one’s whole life: Preliminary development and validation of the ontological well-being scale, Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 309-343. Doi: 10.1007/s10902-012-9333-7
-
Şimşek, Ö. F. (2009). Happiness revisited: Ontological well-being as a theory-based construct of subjective well-being, Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 505-522. Doi: 10.1007/s10902-008-9105-6
-
Temel-Mumcu, M. & Bozdoğan, A. E. (2024). Ses ve özellikleri konusunda okul dışı ortamlarda yapılan etkinliklerin ortaokul öğrencilerinin fen konularına olan ilgilerine ve fen öğrenme motivasyonlarına etkisi, Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 66-103. Doi: 10.30855/gjes.2024.10.01.003
-
Teuber, M., Leyhr, D. & Sudeck, G. (2024). Physical activity improves stress load, recovery, and academic performance-related parameters among university students: a longitudinal study on daily level, BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1-14. Doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18082-z
-
Torkildsen, G. (2005). Leisure and Recreation Management. Londra: Routledge.
-
Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest, The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113. Doi:10.1353/jip.2015.0021
-
Tütüncü, Ö., Aydın, İ., Küçükusta, D., Avcı, N. & Taş, İ. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin rekreasyon faaliyetlerine katılımını etkileyen unsurların analizi, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2), 69-83.
-
Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids are Growing up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy– And Completely Unprepared for Adulthood* *And What That Means for the Rest of Us. New York: Atria Books.
-
Wang, M. T. & Degol, J. (2014). Staying engaged: Knowledge and research needs in student engagement, Child Development Perspectives, 8(3), 137-143. Doi: 10.1111/cdep.12073
-
Wolfe, B. D. & Kay, G. (2011). Perceived impact of an outdoor orientation program for first-year university students, Journal of Experiential Education, 34(1), 19-34. Doi:10.1177/105382591103400103
-
Yerlisu Lapa, T. & Ardahan, F. (2009). Akdeniz Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin serbest zaman etkinliklerine katılım nedenleri ve değerlendirme biçimleri, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(4), 132-144.
-
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
-
Young, J., McGrath, R. & Adams, C. (2018). Fresh air, sunshine and happiness: Millennials building health (salutogenesis) in leisure and nature, Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 324-346. Doi: 10.1080/11745398.2018.1458634
-
Zhang, D., Li, T., Xie, Y., Tao, S., Yang, Y., Zou, L., Qu, Y., Zhai, S., Tao, F. & Wu, X. (2022). Interaction between physical activity and outdoor time on allostatic load in Chinese college students, BMC Public Health, 22(1), 187. Doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12518-0
The role of outdoor recreation on ontological well-being and school engagement
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 272 - 285, 31.12.2025
Burçin Kırlar Can
,
Mehmet Ertaş
,
Hande Mutlu Öztürk
Öz
This study, adopting an autoethnographic approach, investigates the role of outdoor recreation activities on the ontological well-being and school engagement of university students. The research incorporates both ethical and emic approaches. In the first phase of the study, which covers the 2022-2024 academic periods, the authors recorded their own observation notes related to the subject. Subsequently, qualitative data were collected from students of the Recreation Management Department at the faculty where the authors are affiliated, using a fully structured interview form. In the third phase, a focus group discussion was conducted with a sample group of students who had taken outdoor recreation courses. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis. The results of the study revealed that outdoor recreation activities have a positive impact on students' ontological well-being and school engagement, which in turn influence their class participation and academic success. Additionally, these activities enhance students' social relationships, facilitate the formation of new friendships, boost their self-confidence, and play a crucial role in their interactions with peers.
Etik Beyan
Permission for the data collection methods used in this study was obtained from the Pamukkale University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Board, with decision number 12, dated 08/07/2024 and numbered 68282350/2024/12. TO&RE Journal shall not be held responsible in case of any discrepancy; all responsibility rests with the authors of the study.
Kaynakça
-
Adams, T. E., Jones, S. H. & Ellis, C. (2015). Autoethnography: Understanding Qualitative Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
Andre, E. K., Williams, N., Schwartz, F. & Bullard, C. (2017). Benefits of campus outdoor recreation programs: A review of the literature, Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 9(1), 15-25. Doi: 10.18666/JOREL-2017-V9-I1-7491
-
Arastaman, G. (2009). Lise birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okula bağlılık (school engagement) durumlarına ilişkin öğrenci, öğretmen ve yöneticilerin görüşleri, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 102-112.
-
Bailey, A. W. & Kang, H.-K. (2015). Modeling the impact of wilderness orientation programs on first-year academic success and life purpose, Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 15(3), 209-223. Doi:10.1080/14729679.2014.9
-
Bapoğlu-Dümenci, S. S. & Gürsoy, F. (2024). Açık alanda uygulanan matematik programının 54-66 yaş grubu çocukların matematiği sevmelerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi, Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 98, 208-222. E-ISSN:2148-0710-pISSN:1301-6229
-
Bond, M. & Bergdahl, N. (2022). Student Engagement in Open, Distance, and Digital Education, İçinde, O. Zawacki-Richter & I. Jung (Ed.), Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, ss. 1309-1324, Singapur: Springer.
-
Brewster, A. B. & Bowen, G. L. (2004). Teacher support and the school engagement of Latino middle and high school students at risk of school failure, Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(1), 47-67.
-
Brown, C. & Shay, M. (2021). From resilience to wellbeing: Identity‐building as an alternative framework for schools’ role in promoting children’s mental health, Review of Education, 9(2), 599-634. Doi: 10.1002/rev3.3264
-
Castells, M. (2008). Enformasyon Çağı: Ekonomi, Toplum ve Kültür, (Birinci Cilt) Ağ Toplumunun Yükselişi (Çeviren E. Kılıç). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
-
Civelek, P. & Özyılmaz-Akamca, G. (2018). Açık alan etkinliklerinin okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların bilimsel süreç becerilerine etkisi, Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(6), 2011-2020. Doi: 10.24106/kefdergi.2297
-
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being, Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. Doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
-
Diener, E., Heintzelman, S. J., Kushlev, K., Tay, L., Wirtz, D., Lutes, L. D. & Oishi, S. (2016). Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being, Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 58(2), 87-104. Doi: 10.1037/cap0000063
-
Diener, E., Napa Scollon, C. & Lucas, R. E. (2009). The Evolving Concept of Subjective Well-Being: The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness, İçinde, E. Diener (Ed.), Assessing Well-Being-The Collected Work of Ed Diener, ss. 67-100, Dordrecht: Springer.
-
Dilmaç, E. & Batman, O. (2024). Outdoor Recreation from Ontological and Phenomenological Perspectives, İçinde T. H. Göktuğ (Ed.), Architectural Sciences and Outdoor Recreation, ss. 1-26, Ankara: Iksad Publications.
-
Down, M., Picknoll, D., Hoyne, G., Piggott, B. & Bulsara, C. (2024). “When the real stuff happens”: A qualitative descriptive study of the psychosocial outcomes of outdoor adventure education for adolescents. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 1-21. Doi: 10.1007/s42322-023-00151-3
-
Ergün, U. & Satici, S. A. (2024). Social connectedness to ontological well-being: mediating role of loneliness and death anxiety, Current Psychology, 43(6), 5057-5064. Doi: 10.1007/s12144-023-04692-0.
-
Frauman, E. & Waryold, D. (2009). Impact of a wilderness orientation program on college student’s life effectiveness, Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 1(2), 191-209. Doi: 10.7768/1948-5123.1018
-
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C. & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence, Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109. Doi: 10.3102/00346543074001059
-
Gibbison, G. A., Tracyann, L. H. & Perkins-Brown, J. (2011). The chicken soup effect: The role of recreation and intramural participation in boosting freshman grade point average, Economics of Education Review, 30(2), 247-257. Doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.09.003
-
Godbey, G. (2009). Outdoor Recreation, Health, and Wellness: Understanding and Enhancing the Relationship. Washington: Resources for the Future.
-
Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries, Educational Communication and Technology, 29(2), 75-91. Doi: 10.1007/BF02766777
-
Holzer, B. M., Ramuz, O., Minder, C. E. & Zimmerli, L. (2022). Motivation and personality factors of Generation Z high school students aspiring to study human medicine, BMC Medical Education, 22(31), 1-10. Doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-03099-4
-
Kansagra, S. (2020). Sleep disorders in adolescents, Pediatrics, 145(S2), S204-S209. Doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-2056I
-
Kim, J., Park, C., Fish, M., Kim, Y. J. & Kim, B. (2024). Are certain types of leisure activities associated with happiness and life satisfaction among college students?. World Leisure Journal, 66(1), 12-25. Doi: 10.1080/16078055.2023.2222701
-
Kocayörük, E., Altıntaş, E., Şimşek, Ö. F., Bozanoğlu, İ. & Çelik, B. (2018). Ontological wellbeing of university students: A cluster-analysis approach, Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 33(3), 550-564. Doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2017032927
-
Litwiller, F., White, C., Hamilton-Hinch, B. & Gilbert, R. (2022). The impacts of recreation programs on the mental health of postsecondary students in North America: An integrative review, Leisure Sciences, 44(1), 96-120. Doi: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1483851
-
Lombardi, E., Traficante, D., Bettoni, R., Offredi, I., Giorgetti, M. & Vernice, M. (2019). The impact of school climate on well-being experience and school engagement: A study with high-school students, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2482. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02482
-
Mostowlansky, T. & Rota, A. (2020). Emic and Etic. İçinde F. Stein, S. Lazar, M. Candea, H. Diemberger, J. Robbins, A. Sanchez & R. Stasch (Ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology. http://doi.org/10.29164/20emicetic
-
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. California: Sage Publications.
-
Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D. & Connolly, H. (2020). Parents still matter: The influence of parental enforcement of bedtime on adolescents’ depressive symptoms, Sleepj, 43(5), 1-11. Doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz287
-
Puhakka, R. (2021). University students’ participation in outdoor recreation and the perceived well-being effects of nature, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 36, 1-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2021.100425
-
Perdue, N. H., Manzeske, D. P. & Estell, D. B. (2009). Early predictors of school engagement: Exploring the role of peer relationships, Psychology in the Schools, 46(10), 1084-1097. Doi: 10.1002/pits.20446
-
Reed, K. B., Hanna, S., Bai, S. & Agans, J. P. (2022). Outdoor recreation as an asset for youth development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 14(1), 62-77. Doi: 10.18666/JOREL-2022-V14-I1-11167
-
Rolling, H. J. (2013). Arts-Based Research. New York: Peter Lang Primer.
-
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
-
Schimmel, C. J., Daniels, J. A., Wassif J. & Jacobs, E. (2016). Learning the ropes: A creative orientation approach for counseling students, Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 11(1), 27-38. Doi: 10.1080/15401383.2015.1095663
-
Seemiller, C. & Grace, M. (2017). Generation Z: Educating and engaging the next generation of students, About Campus, 22(3), 21-26. Doi:10.1002/abc.21293
-
Seemiller, C. & Grace, M. (2019). Generation Z: A Century in the Making. Oxon: Routledge.
-
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. New York: Free Press.
-
Şener, S., Bahçeci, V., Doğru, H., Sel, Z. G., Ertaş, M., Songür, S. & Tütüncü, Ö. (2017). Turizm alanındaki nitel araştırmaların güvenirlik ve geçerlik ölçütleri kapsamında değerlendirilmesi, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 28(1), 7-26. Doi: 10.17123/atad.316083
-
Şimşek, Ö. F. & Kocayörük, E. (2013). Affective reactions to one’s whole life: Preliminary development and validation of the ontological well-being scale, Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 309-343. Doi: 10.1007/s10902-012-9333-7
-
Şimşek, Ö. F. (2009). Happiness revisited: Ontological well-being as a theory-based construct of subjective well-being, Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 505-522. Doi: 10.1007/s10902-008-9105-6
-
Temel-Mumcu, M. & Bozdoğan, A. E. (2024). Ses ve özellikleri konusunda okul dışı ortamlarda yapılan etkinliklerin ortaokul öğrencilerinin fen konularına olan ilgilerine ve fen öğrenme motivasyonlarına etkisi, Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 66-103. Doi: 10.30855/gjes.2024.10.01.003
-
Teuber, M., Leyhr, D. & Sudeck, G. (2024). Physical activity improves stress load, recovery, and academic performance-related parameters among university students: a longitudinal study on daily level, BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1-14. Doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18082-z
-
Torkildsen, G. (2005). Leisure and Recreation Management. Londra: Routledge.
-
Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest, The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113. Doi:10.1353/jip.2015.0021
-
Tütüncü, Ö., Aydın, İ., Küçükusta, D., Avcı, N. & Taş, İ. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin rekreasyon faaliyetlerine katılımını etkileyen unsurların analizi, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2), 69-83.
-
Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids are Growing up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy– And Completely Unprepared for Adulthood* *And What That Means for the Rest of Us. New York: Atria Books.
-
Wang, M. T. & Degol, J. (2014). Staying engaged: Knowledge and research needs in student engagement, Child Development Perspectives, 8(3), 137-143. Doi: 10.1111/cdep.12073
-
Wolfe, B. D. & Kay, G. (2011). Perceived impact of an outdoor orientation program for first-year university students, Journal of Experiential Education, 34(1), 19-34. Doi:10.1177/105382591103400103
-
Yerlisu Lapa, T. & Ardahan, F. (2009). Akdeniz Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin serbest zaman etkinliklerine katılım nedenleri ve değerlendirme biçimleri, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(4), 132-144.
-
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
-
Young, J., McGrath, R. & Adams, C. (2018). Fresh air, sunshine and happiness: Millennials building health (salutogenesis) in leisure and nature, Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 324-346. Doi: 10.1080/11745398.2018.1458634
-
Zhang, D., Li, T., Xie, Y., Tao, S., Yang, Y., Zou, L., Qu, Y., Zhai, S., Tao, F. & Wu, X. (2022). Interaction between physical activity and outdoor time on allostatic load in Chinese college students, BMC Public Health, 22(1), 187. Doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12518-0