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The effect of environmental culture, corporate social responsibility and green image on environmental performance

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 419 - 429, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1652859

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of environmental culture, corporate social responsibility and green image on environmental performance. The population of the study consists of 439 managers working in various departments in green star hotels and partial least squares based structural equation modeling was used in data analysis. The results show that environmental culture, corporate social responsibility and green image have a significant positive effect on environmental performance. Hotels that attach importance to developing environmental culture and actively engage in corporate social responsibility practices exhibit a more positive and trustworthy green image. This creates a strong impact on environmentally conscious consumers. Furthermore, the study confirms that a positive green image plays a key role in achieving impressive environmental performance. When businesses are perceived positively for their environmental efforts, they are more successful in environmental management, paving the way for sustainable, responsible business practices.

Etik Beyan

For the survey method used in this study, permission was obtained from the Ethics Committee for Scientific Research in Social and Human Sciences of the Rectorate of Aydın Adnan Menderes University, as per the decision of the meeting dated 16/08/2024, decision number 16/07. Should any contrary situation be detected, TO&RE Journal shall bear no responsibility, and all responsibility rests with the author of the study.

Kaynakça

  • Alam, S. M., & Islam, K. M. (2021). Examining the role of environmental corporate social responsibility in building green corporate image and green competitive advantage. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 6(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-021-00062-w
  • Amoako, G. K., Doe, J. K., & Dzogbenuku, R. K. (2021). Perceived firm ethicality and brand loyalty: the mediating role of corporate social responsibility and perceived green marketing. Society and Business Review, 16(3), 398-419. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-05-2020-0076
  • Amor-Esteban, V., Galindo-Villardón, M. P., & David, F. (2018). Study of the importance of national identity in the development of corporate social responsibility practices: A multivariate vision. Administrative Sciences, 8(3), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8030050
  • Asiaei, K., Bontis, N., Alizadeh, R., & Yaghoubi, M. (2022). Green intellectual capital and environmental management accounting: Natural resource orchestration in favor of environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(1), 76-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2875
  • Aslaksen, H. M., Hildebrandt, C., & Johnsen, H. C. (2021). The long-term transformation of the concept of CSR: towards a more comprehensive emphasis on sustainability. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 6(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-021-00063-9
  • Azeem, M., Ahmed, M., Haider, S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). Expanding competitive advantage through organizational culture, knowledge sharing and organizational innovation. Technology in Society, 66, 101635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101635
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
  • Banerjee, S. B. (2002). Corporate environmentalism: The construct and its measurement. Journal of Business Research, 55(3), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00135-1
  • Banerjee, S. B., Iyer, E. S., & Kashyap, R. K. (2003). Corporate environmentalism: Antecedents and influence of industry type. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.2.106.18604
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Biggemann, S., Williams, M., & Kro, G. (2014). Building in sustainability, social responsibility and value co-creation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 29(4), 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-08-2013-0161
  • Buckingham, J., & Nilakant, V. (2016). Introduction: Globalizing Corporate Social Responsibility–Challenging Western Neo-liberal Management Theory. In Managing Responsibly (pp. 1-18). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315593630-1
  • Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.2307/257850
  • Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(91)90005-G
  • Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.) (1998). Modern Methods for Business Research. London: Psyhocology Press, 295-336.
  • Chuang, S. P., & Huang, S. J. (2018). The effect of environmental corporate social responsibility on environmental performance and business competitiveness: The mediation of green information technology capital. Journal of business ethics, 150(4), 991-1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3167-x
  • Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Cretu, A. E., & Brodie, R. J. (2007). The influence of brand image and company reputation where manufacturers market to small firms: A customer value perspective. Industrial marketing management, 36(2), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.08.013
  • Dartey-Baah, K., & Amoako, G. K. (2021). Global CSR, drivers and consequences: a systematic review. Journal of Global Responsibility, 12(4), 416-434. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-12-2020-0103
  • De Simone, L., & Pezoa, M. (2021). Urban Shopping Malls and Sustainability Approaches in Chilean Cities: Relations between Environmental Impacts of Buildings and Greenwashing Branding Discourses. Sustainability, 13(13), 7228. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137228
  • Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297-316. https://doi.org/10.25300/misq/2015/39.2.02
  • Durán, A. P., Kuiper, J. J., Aguiar, A. P. D., Cheung, W. W., Diaw, M. C., Halouani, G., & Pereira, L. M. (2023). Bringing the Nature Futures Framework to life: creating a set of illustrative narratives of nature futures. Sustainability Science, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-023-01316-1
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  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
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  • Fraj, E., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2013). Green marketing in B2B organisations: an empirical analysis from the natural‐resource‐based view of the firm. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 28(5), 396-410. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858621311330245
  • Fuller, C. M., Simmering, M. J., Atinc, G., Atinc, Y., & Babin, B. J. (2016). Common methods variance detection in business research. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3192-3198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008
  • Giantari, I. & Sukaatmadja, I. (2021). Effects of environmental orientation, green marketing mix and social capital on the competitive advantage of real estate developers in Bali. Property Management, 39(2), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-01-2020-0005
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L. & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmda.2017.10008574
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  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
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  • Hwang, J., & Lyu, S. O. (2020). Relationships among green image, consumer attitudes, desire, and customer citizenship behavior in the airline industry. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 14(6), 437-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2019.1573280
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Çevresel kültür, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve yeşil imajın çevresel performansa etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 419 - 429, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1652859

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çevresel kültür, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve yeşil imajın çevresel performans üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın evrenini yeşil yıldızlı otellerde çeşitli departmanlarda görev yapan 439 yönetici oluşturmakta olup veri analizinde kısmi en küçük kareler temelli yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, işletmelerin çevresel kültür, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve yeşil imajının çevresel performans üzerinde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çevre kültürünü geliştirmeye önem veren ve aktif olarak kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk uygulamaları yürüten oteller, daha olumlu ve güvenilir bir yeşil imaj sergilemektedir. Bu durum, çevreye duyarlı tüketicilerde güçlü bir etki yaratmaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma olumlu bir yeşil imajın etkileyici çevresel performans elde edilmesinde kilit rol oynadığını doğrulamaktadır. İşletmeler, çevresel çabalarıyla olumlu algılandıklarında, çevre yönetiminde daha başarılı olmakta ve bu durum sürdürülebilir, sorumlu iş uygulamalarının önünü açmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada kullanılan anket yöntemi için, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Etik Kurulu'nun 16/08/2024 tarihli ve 16/07 numaralı kararı uyarınca izin alınmıştır. Herhangi bir aksi durum tespit edilirse, TO&RE Dergisi hiçbir sorumluluk taşımayacak olup, tüm sorumluluk çalışmanın yazarına aittir.

Kaynakça

  • Alam, S. M., & Islam, K. M. (2021). Examining the role of environmental corporate social responsibility in building green corporate image and green competitive advantage. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 6(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-021-00062-w
  • Amoako, G. K., Doe, J. K., & Dzogbenuku, R. K. (2021). Perceived firm ethicality and brand loyalty: the mediating role of corporate social responsibility and perceived green marketing. Society and Business Review, 16(3), 398-419. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-05-2020-0076
  • Amor-Esteban, V., Galindo-Villardón, M. P., & David, F. (2018). Study of the importance of national identity in the development of corporate social responsibility practices: A multivariate vision. Administrative Sciences, 8(3), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8030050
  • Asiaei, K., Bontis, N., Alizadeh, R., & Yaghoubi, M. (2022). Green intellectual capital and environmental management accounting: Natural resource orchestration in favor of environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(1), 76-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2875
  • Aslaksen, H. M., Hildebrandt, C., & Johnsen, H. C. (2021). The long-term transformation of the concept of CSR: towards a more comprehensive emphasis on sustainability. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 6(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-021-00063-9
  • Azeem, M., Ahmed, M., Haider, S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). Expanding competitive advantage through organizational culture, knowledge sharing and organizational innovation. Technology in Society, 66, 101635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101635
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
  • Banerjee, S. B. (2002). Corporate environmentalism: The construct and its measurement. Journal of Business Research, 55(3), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00135-1
  • Banerjee, S. B., Iyer, E. S., & Kashyap, R. K. (2003). Corporate environmentalism: Antecedents and influence of industry type. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.2.106.18604
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Biggemann, S., Williams, M., & Kro, G. (2014). Building in sustainability, social responsibility and value co-creation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 29(4), 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-08-2013-0161
  • Buckingham, J., & Nilakant, V. (2016). Introduction: Globalizing Corporate Social Responsibility–Challenging Western Neo-liberal Management Theory. In Managing Responsibly (pp. 1-18). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315593630-1
  • Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.2307/257850
  • Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(91)90005-G
  • Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.) (1998). Modern Methods for Business Research. London: Psyhocology Press, 295-336.
  • Chuang, S. P., & Huang, S. J. (2018). The effect of environmental corporate social responsibility on environmental performance and business competitiveness: The mediation of green information technology capital. Journal of business ethics, 150(4), 991-1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3167-x
  • Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Cretu, A. E., & Brodie, R. J. (2007). The influence of brand image and company reputation where manufacturers market to small firms: A customer value perspective. Industrial marketing management, 36(2), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.08.013
  • Dartey-Baah, K., & Amoako, G. K. (2021). Global CSR, drivers and consequences: a systematic review. Journal of Global Responsibility, 12(4), 416-434. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-12-2020-0103
  • De Simone, L., & Pezoa, M. (2021). Urban Shopping Malls and Sustainability Approaches in Chilean Cities: Relations between Environmental Impacts of Buildings and Greenwashing Branding Discourses. Sustainability, 13(13), 7228. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137228
  • Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297-316. https://doi.org/10.25300/misq/2015/39.2.02
  • Durán, A. P., Kuiper, J. J., Aguiar, A. P. D., Cheung, W. W., Diaw, M. C., Halouani, G., & Pereira, L. M. (2023). Bringing the Nature Futures Framework to life: creating a set of illustrative narratives of nature futures. Sustainability Science, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-023-01316-1
  • Fatima, T., & Elbanna, S. (2023). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation: A review and a research agenda towards an integrative framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 183(1), 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05047-8
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Font, X., Walmsley, A., Cogotti, S., McCombes, L., & Häusler, N. (2012). Corporate social responsibility: The disclosure–performance gap. Tourism management, 33(6), 1544-1553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.012
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics 18(3), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
  • Fraj, E., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2011). Green marketing strategy and the firm's performance: the moderating role of environmental culture. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 19(4), 339-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2011.581382
  • Fraj, E., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2013). Green marketing in B2B organisations: an empirical analysis from the natural‐resource‐based view of the firm. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 28(5), 396-410. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858621311330245
  • Fuller, C. M., Simmering, M. J., Atinc, G., Atinc, Y., & Babin, B. J. (2016). Common methods variance detection in business research. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3192-3198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008
  • Giantari, I. & Sukaatmadja, I. (2021). Effects of environmental orientation, green marketing mix and social capital on the competitive advantage of real estate developers in Bali. Property Management, 39(2), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-01-2020-0005
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L. & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmda.2017.10008574
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Henri, J. F., & Journeault, M. (2010). Eco-control: The influence of management control systems on environmental and economic performance. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2009.02.001
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Hwang, J., & Lyu, S. O. (2020). Relationships among green image, consumer attitudes, desire, and customer citizenship behavior in the airline industry. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 14(6), 437-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2019.1573280
  • Kim, Y. J., Kim, W. G., Choi, H. M., & Phetvaroon, K. (2019). The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees’ eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance. International journal of hospitality management, 76, 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
  • Lăzăroiu, G., Ionescu, L., Andronie, M., & Dijmărescu, I. (2020). Sustainability management and performance in the urban corporate economy: a systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12(18), 7705. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187705
  • Lee, Y. (2020). A situational perspective on employee communicative behaviors in a crisis: The role of relationship and symmetrical communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 14(2), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2020.1720691
  • Leonidou, L. C., Leonidou, C. N., & Kvasova, O. (2010). Antecedents and outcomes of consumer environmentally friendly attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Marketing Management, 26(13-14), 1319-1344. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2010.523710
  • Lisi, I. E. (2015). Translating environmental motivations into performance: The role of environmental performance measurement systems. Management Accounting Research, 29, 27-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2015.06.001
  • Lohmöller, J. B., & Lohmöller, J. B. (1989). Predictive vs. structural modeling: Pls vs. ml. Latent variable path modeling with partial least squares, 199-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52512-4_5
  • Lyulyov, O., Chygryn, O., Pimonenko, T., & Kwilinski, A. (2023). Stakeholders’ Engagement in the Company’s Management as a Driver of Green Competitiveness within Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 15(9), 7249. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097249
  • Martín‐de Castro, G., Amores‐Salvadó, J., & Navas‐López, J. E. (2016). Environmental management systems and firm performance: Improving firm environmental policy through stakeholder engagement. Corporate social responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(4), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1377
  • Nadalipour, Z., Imani Khoshkhoo, M. H., & Eftekhari, A. R. (2019). An integrated model of destination sustainable competitiveness. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 29(4), 314-335. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-12-2017-0086
  • Pan, C., Abbas, J., Álvarez-Otero, S., Khan, H., & Cai, C. (2022). Interplay between corporate social responsibility and organizational green culture and their role in employees’ responsible behavior towards the environment and society. Journal of Cleaner Production, 366, 132878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132878
  • Peloza, J., & Shang, J. (2011). How can corporate social responsibility activities create value for stakeholders? A systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(1), 117-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-010-0213-6
  • Phan, T. N., Baird, K., & Su, S. (2018). Environmental activity management: its use and impact on environmental performance. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 31(2), 651-673. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2016-2686
  • Pickett-Baker, J., & Ozaki, R. (2008). Pro-Environmental Products: Marketing Influence on Consumer Purchase Decision. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(5), 281-293. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760810890516
  • Polonsky, M. J. (1994). An introduction to green marketing. Electronic Green Journal, 1(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5070/G31210177
  • Pratt, M. G., & Hedden, L. N. (2023). Accounts and accountability: On organizational purpose, organizational identity, and meaningful work. Strategy Science. 8(2), 121-321. https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2023.0189
  • Roscoe, S., Subramanian, N., Jabbour, C. J., & Chong, T. (2019). Green human resource management and the enablers of green organisational culture: Enhancing a firm's environmental performance for sustainable development. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(5), 737-749. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2019.1573280
  • Schwartz, M. S. (2013). Corporate social responsibility. Routledge.
  • Shanti, J., & Joshi, G. (2022). Examining the impact of environmentally sustainable practices on hotel brand equity: a case of Bangalore hotels. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(4), 5764-5782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01682-9
  • Skarmeas, D., & Leonidou, C. N. (2013). When consumers doubt, watch out! The role of CSR skepticism. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 1831-1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.004
  • Tregear, A. (2011). Sustainable Marketing. Pearson Education Limited.
  • Virvilaite, R., & Daubaraite, U. (2011). Corporate social responsibility in forming corporate image. Inžinerinė ekonomika, 22(5), 534-543. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.22.5.972
  • Wong, K. K. K. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques using SmartPLS. Marketing bulletin, 24(1), 1-32.
  • Yusoff, Y. M., Nejati, M., Kee, D. M. H., & Amran, A. (2020). Linking green human resource management practices to environmental performance in hotel industry. Global Business Review, 21(3), 663-680. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918779294
  • Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of consumer research, 37(2), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm Politikası
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erdem Baydeniz 0000-0003-1003-0521

Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Baydeniz, E. (2025). The effect of environmental culture, corporate social responsibility and green image on environmental performance. Tourism and Recreation, 7(2), 419-429. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1652859