Gönüllü coğrafi bilgi kullanılarak Dilek Yarımadası’ndaki doğa temelli rekreasyonel aktivitelerin haritalanması
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 66 - 78, 31.12.2023
Ahmet Uslu
Öz
Korunan alanlar, açık hava rekreasyonu ve doğaya dayalı turizm için başlıca destinasyonlar haline gelmiştir. Korunan alanların sürdürülebilir ve etkin yönetimi için rekreasyonel aktivitelerin konumsal ve zamansal verilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Günümüzde kitle kaynaklı platformlardan elde edilen gönüllü coğrafi bilgi, doğa temelli rekreasyonel aktivitelerin zamansal ve konumsal analizi için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Küresel Navigasyon Uydu Sistemleri (GNSS) tabanlı gönüllü coğrafi bilgiler aracılığıyla Dilek Yarımadası’ndaki doğa temelli rekreasyonel aktivitelerin konumsal modellerinin haritalanması amaçlanmıştır. Wikiloc’tan elde edilen 653 adet doğa yürüyüşü, 59 adet dağ bisikleti ve 22 adet yol bisikleti aktivitesinin GNSS izleri kullanılarak Dilek Yarımadası’nın rekreasyonel kullanımı analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, GNSS tabanlı gönüllü coğrafi bilgilerin, doğa temelli rekreasyonel aktivitelerin haritalanmasında etkili bir araç olduğunu ve geleneksel veri kaynaklarına alternatif veya tamamlayıcı bir kaynak olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışmada kullanılan konumsal analiz yöntemi için etik kurul iznine ihtiyaç yoktur. Aksi bir durumun tespiti halinde TO&RE Dergisinin hiçbir sorumluluğu olmayıp, tüm sorumluluk çalışmanın yazarına aittir.
Kaynakça
- Anderson, L., Schleien, S., McAvoy, L., Lais, G. & Seligmann, D. (1997). Creating Positive Change Throughan Integrated Outdoor Adventure Program. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 31(4), 214-229. Retrieved from https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?id=4291
- Anderson, T. K. (2009). Kernel Density Estimation and K-Means Clustering to Profile Road Accident Hotspots. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(3), 359-364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.12.014
- Barros, C., Moya-Gómez, B. & García-Palomares, J. C. (2019). Identifying Temporal Patterns of Visitors to National Parks through Geotagged Photographs. Sustainability, 11(24), 6983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11246983
- Barros, C., Moya-Gómez, B. & Gutiérrez, J. (2020). Using Geotagged Photographs and GPS Tracks from Social Networks to Analyse Visitor Behaviour in National Parks. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(10), 1291-1310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1619674
- Bekdemir, Ü., Elmacı, S. & Sezer, İ. (2010). Turizmin Kıskacında Bir Doğa Koruma Alanı: Dilek Yarımadası–Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı. Turkish Studies, 5(4), 890–913. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.1598
- Bekdemir, Ü. & Sezer, İ. (2008). Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı ve Yöre Ekonomik Faaliyetleri İlişkisi. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 13(19), 325–346. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunidcd/issue/2429/30883
- Bingöl, B. (2011). Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı’nın Koruma ve Kullanım İlkeleri Açısından Rekreasyon Planlaması Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
- Bingöl, B. & Arslan, M. (2021). Dilek Yarımadası Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı’nın Rekreasyon Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Humanities Sciences, 16(3):177-186. DOI:10.12739/NWSA.2021.16.3.4C0250
- Ciesielski, M. & Stereńczak, K. (2021). Using Flickr Data and Selected Environmental Characteristics to Analyse the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Activities in Forest Areas. Forest Policy and Economics, 129, 102509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102509
- Cui, N., Malleson, N., Houlden, V. & Comber, A. (2021). Using VGI and Social Media Data to Understand Urban Green Space: A Narrative Literature Review. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(7), 425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070425
- Da Mota, V. T. & Pickering, C. (2020). Using Social Media to Assess Nature-Based Tourism: Current Research and Future Trends. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 30, 100295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100295
- Fialová, J., Březina, D., Žižlavská, N., Michal, J. & Machar, I. (2019). Assessment of Visitor Preferences and Attendance to Singletrails in the Moravian Karst for the Sustainable Development Proposals. Sustainability, 11(13), 3560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133560
- Fisher, D. M., Wood, S. A., White, E. M., Blahna, D. J., Lange, S., Weinberg, A. & Lia, E. (2018). Recreational Use in Dispersed Public Lands Measured Using Social Media Data and On-Site Counts. Journal of Environmental Management, 222, 465-474. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.045
- Goodchild, M. F. (2007). Citizens as Sensors: The World of Volunteered Geography. GeoJournal, 69, 211-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y
- Hausmann, A., Toivonen, T., Slotow, R., Tenkanen, H., Moilanen, A., Heikinheimo, V. & Di Minin, E. (2018). Social Media Data Can Be Used to Understand Tourists’ Preferences for Nature-Based Experiences in Protected Areas. Conservation Letters, 11(1), e12343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12343
- Havinga, I., Bogaart, P. W., Hein, L. & Tuia, D. (2020). Defining and Spatially Modelling Cultural Ecosystem Services Using Crowdsourced Data. Ecosystem Services, 43, 101091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101091
- Heikinheimo, V., Di Minin, E., Tenkanen, H., Hausmann, A., Erkkonen, J. & Toivonen, T. (2017). User-generated Geographic Information for Visitor Monitoring in a National Park: A Comparison of Social Media Data and Visitor Survey. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(3), 85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030085
- Heikinheimo, V., Tenkanen, H., Bergroth, C., Järv, O., Hiippala, T. & Toivonen, T. (2020). Understanding the Use of Urban Green Spaces from User-generated Geographic Information. Landscape and Urban Planning, 201, 103845. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103845
- Huang, R. (2023). Analyzing National Parks Visitor Activities Using Geotagged Social Media Photos. Journal of Environmental Management, 330, 117191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117191
- Horst, L., Taczanowska, K., Porst, F. & Arnberger, A. (2023). Evaluation of GNSS-Based Volunteered Geographic Information for Assessing Visitor Spatial Distribution within Protected Areas: A Case Study of the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Applied Geography, 150, 102825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102825
- Jurado Rota, J., Perez Albert, M. Y. & Serrano Gine, D. (2019). Visitor Monitoring in Protected Areas: An Approach to Natura 2000 Sites Using Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 119(1), 69-83. DOI: DOI:10.1080/00167223.2019.1573409
- Mancini, F., Coghill, G. M. & Lusseau, D. (2018). Using Social Media to Quantify Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Nature-Based Recreational Activities. PloS one, 13(7), e0200565. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200565
- Mendes, R. M. N., Farías-Torbidoni, E. I. & da Silva, C. P. (2023). Squeezing the Most from Volunteered Geographic Information to Monitor Mountain Biking in Peri-Urban Protected and Recreational Areas at a Metropolitan Scale. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100624
- Newsome, D., Moore, S.A. & Dowling, R.K. (2012). Natural Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts and Management, Channel View Publications, Bristol, UK.
- Norman, P. & Pickering, C. M. (2017). Using Volunteered Geographic Information to Assess Park Visitation: Comparing Three on-line Platforms. Applied Geography, 89, 163-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.11.001
- Norman, P. & Pickering, C. M. (2019). Factors Influencing Park Popularity for Mountain Bikers, Walkers and Runners as Indicated by Social Media Route Data. Journal of Environmental Management, 249, 109413.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109413
- OSM, (Ağustos 2023). OpenStreetMap Dilek Yarımadası Veri Kümesi, https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=dilek%20yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1#map=11/37.5927/27.1218, Erişim Tarihi: 17.08.2023.
- Orsi, F. & Geneletti, D. (2013). Using Geotagged Photographs and GIS Analysis to Estimate Visitor Flows in Batural Areas. Journal for Nature Conservation, 21(5), 359-368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.03.001
- Öztürk, S. & Kalaycı, M. (2018). Dilek Yarımadası Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı Ekoturizm Potansiyeli. T. Birişçi & A. K. Önaç (Ed.), Kuşadası Peyzaj Değerleri ss. 110–119. İzmir: TMMOB Peyzaj Mimarları Odası Yayınları, İzmir.
- Santos, T., Mendes, R. N. & Vasco, A. (2016). Recreational Activities in Urban Parks: Spatial Interactions Among Users. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 15, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2016.06.001
- Santos, T., Nogueira Mendes, R., Farías-Torbidoni, E. I., Julião, R. P. & Pereira da Silva, C. (2022). Volunteered Geographical Information and Recreational Uses within Metropolitan and Rural Contexts. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(2), 144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11020144
- Schirck-Matthews, A., Hochmair, H. & Paulus, G. (2023). Comparison of Reported Outdoor Activities in Florida State Parks Among Three Fitness Tracker Apps. Journal of Leisure Research, 54(1), 46-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2153097
- Schirpke, U., Scolozzi, R., Da Re, R., Masiero, M., Pellegrino, D. & Marino, D. (2018). Recreational Ecosystem Services in Protected Areas: A Survey of Visitors to Natura 2000 Sites in Italy. Journal of Outdoor Eecreation and Tourism, 21, 39-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2018.01.003
- Sinclair, M., Ghermandi, A. & Sheela, A. M. (2018). A Crowdsourced Valuation of Recreational Ecosystem Services Using Social Media Data: An Application to a Tropical Wetland in India. Science of The Total Environment, 642, 356-365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.056
- Smith, I., Velasquez, E., Norman, P. & Pickering, C. (2023). Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Popularity of Protected Areas for Mountain Biking and Hiking in Australia: Insights from Volunteered Geographic Information. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 41, 100588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100588
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Mapping nature-based recreational activities in the Dilek Peninsula using volunteered geographic information
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 66 - 78, 31.12.2023
Ahmet Uslu
Öz
Protected areas have become prime destinations for outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism. Spatial and temporal data of recreational activities are needed for sustainable and effective management of protected areas. Today, voluntary geographical information obtained from crowdsourcing platforms is used for temporal and spatial analysis of nature-based recreational activities. The aim of this study is to map the spatial patterns of nature-based recreational activities in the Dilek Peninsula through Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS based voluntary geographical information. The recreational use of Dilek Peninsula was analyzed using GNSS traces of 653 hiking, 59 mountain biking and 22 road cycling activities obtained from the Wikiloc. The results of the study showed that GNSS-based voluntary geographic information is an effective tool for mapping nature-based recreational activities and can be used as an alternative or complementary source to traditional data sources.
Kaynakça
- Anderson, L., Schleien, S., McAvoy, L., Lais, G. & Seligmann, D. (1997). Creating Positive Change Throughan Integrated Outdoor Adventure Program. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 31(4), 214-229. Retrieved from https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?id=4291
- Anderson, T. K. (2009). Kernel Density Estimation and K-Means Clustering to Profile Road Accident Hotspots. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(3), 359-364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.12.014
- Barros, C., Moya-Gómez, B. & García-Palomares, J. C. (2019). Identifying Temporal Patterns of Visitors to National Parks through Geotagged Photographs. Sustainability, 11(24), 6983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11246983
- Barros, C., Moya-Gómez, B. & Gutiérrez, J. (2020). Using Geotagged Photographs and GPS Tracks from Social Networks to Analyse Visitor Behaviour in National Parks. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(10), 1291-1310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1619674
- Bekdemir, Ü., Elmacı, S. & Sezer, İ. (2010). Turizmin Kıskacında Bir Doğa Koruma Alanı: Dilek Yarımadası–Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı. Turkish Studies, 5(4), 890–913. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.1598
- Bekdemir, Ü. & Sezer, İ. (2008). Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı ve Yöre Ekonomik Faaliyetleri İlişkisi. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 13(19), 325–346. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunidcd/issue/2429/30883
- Bingöl, B. (2011). Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı’nın Koruma ve Kullanım İlkeleri Açısından Rekreasyon Planlaması Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
- Bingöl, B. & Arslan, M. (2021). Dilek Yarımadası Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı’nın Rekreasyon Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Humanities Sciences, 16(3):177-186. DOI:10.12739/NWSA.2021.16.3.4C0250
- Ciesielski, M. & Stereńczak, K. (2021). Using Flickr Data and Selected Environmental Characteristics to Analyse the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Activities in Forest Areas. Forest Policy and Economics, 129, 102509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102509
- Cui, N., Malleson, N., Houlden, V. & Comber, A. (2021). Using VGI and Social Media Data to Understand Urban Green Space: A Narrative Literature Review. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(7), 425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070425
- Da Mota, V. T. & Pickering, C. (2020). Using Social Media to Assess Nature-Based Tourism: Current Research and Future Trends. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 30, 100295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100295
- Fialová, J., Březina, D., Žižlavská, N., Michal, J. & Machar, I. (2019). Assessment of Visitor Preferences and Attendance to Singletrails in the Moravian Karst for the Sustainable Development Proposals. Sustainability, 11(13), 3560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133560
- Fisher, D. M., Wood, S. A., White, E. M., Blahna, D. J., Lange, S., Weinberg, A. & Lia, E. (2018). Recreational Use in Dispersed Public Lands Measured Using Social Media Data and On-Site Counts. Journal of Environmental Management, 222, 465-474. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.045
- Goodchild, M. F. (2007). Citizens as Sensors: The World of Volunteered Geography. GeoJournal, 69, 211-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y
- Hausmann, A., Toivonen, T., Slotow, R., Tenkanen, H., Moilanen, A., Heikinheimo, V. & Di Minin, E. (2018). Social Media Data Can Be Used to Understand Tourists’ Preferences for Nature-Based Experiences in Protected Areas. Conservation Letters, 11(1), e12343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12343
- Havinga, I., Bogaart, P. W., Hein, L. & Tuia, D. (2020). Defining and Spatially Modelling Cultural Ecosystem Services Using Crowdsourced Data. Ecosystem Services, 43, 101091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101091
- Heikinheimo, V., Di Minin, E., Tenkanen, H., Hausmann, A., Erkkonen, J. & Toivonen, T. (2017). User-generated Geographic Information for Visitor Monitoring in a National Park: A Comparison of Social Media Data and Visitor Survey. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(3), 85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030085
- Heikinheimo, V., Tenkanen, H., Bergroth, C., Järv, O., Hiippala, T. & Toivonen, T. (2020). Understanding the Use of Urban Green Spaces from User-generated Geographic Information. Landscape and Urban Planning, 201, 103845. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103845
- Huang, R. (2023). Analyzing National Parks Visitor Activities Using Geotagged Social Media Photos. Journal of Environmental Management, 330, 117191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117191
- Horst, L., Taczanowska, K., Porst, F. & Arnberger, A. (2023). Evaluation of GNSS-Based Volunteered Geographic Information for Assessing Visitor Spatial Distribution within Protected Areas: A Case Study of the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Applied Geography, 150, 102825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102825
- Jurado Rota, J., Perez Albert, M. Y. & Serrano Gine, D. (2019). Visitor Monitoring in Protected Areas: An Approach to Natura 2000 Sites Using Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 119(1), 69-83. DOI: DOI:10.1080/00167223.2019.1573409
- Mancini, F., Coghill, G. M. & Lusseau, D. (2018). Using Social Media to Quantify Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Nature-Based Recreational Activities. PloS one, 13(7), e0200565. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200565
- Mendes, R. M. N., Farías-Torbidoni, E. I. & da Silva, C. P. (2023). Squeezing the Most from Volunteered Geographic Information to Monitor Mountain Biking in Peri-Urban Protected and Recreational Areas at a Metropolitan Scale. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100624
- Newsome, D., Moore, S.A. & Dowling, R.K. (2012). Natural Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts and Management, Channel View Publications, Bristol, UK.
- Norman, P. & Pickering, C. M. (2017). Using Volunteered Geographic Information to Assess Park Visitation: Comparing Three on-line Platforms. Applied Geography, 89, 163-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.11.001
- Norman, P. & Pickering, C. M. (2019). Factors Influencing Park Popularity for Mountain Bikers, Walkers and Runners as Indicated by Social Media Route Data. Journal of Environmental Management, 249, 109413.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109413
- OSM, (Ağustos 2023). OpenStreetMap Dilek Yarımadası Veri Kümesi, https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=dilek%20yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1#map=11/37.5927/27.1218, Erişim Tarihi: 17.08.2023.
- Orsi, F. & Geneletti, D. (2013). Using Geotagged Photographs and GIS Analysis to Estimate Visitor Flows in Batural Areas. Journal for Nature Conservation, 21(5), 359-368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.03.001
- Öztürk, S. & Kalaycı, M. (2018). Dilek Yarımadası Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı Ekoturizm Potansiyeli. T. Birişçi & A. K. Önaç (Ed.), Kuşadası Peyzaj Değerleri ss. 110–119. İzmir: TMMOB Peyzaj Mimarları Odası Yayınları, İzmir.
- Santos, T., Mendes, R. N. & Vasco, A. (2016). Recreational Activities in Urban Parks: Spatial Interactions Among Users. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 15, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2016.06.001
- Santos, T., Nogueira Mendes, R., Farías-Torbidoni, E. I., Julião, R. P. & Pereira da Silva, C. (2022). Volunteered Geographical Information and Recreational Uses within Metropolitan and Rural Contexts. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(2), 144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11020144
- Schirck-Matthews, A., Hochmair, H. & Paulus, G. (2023). Comparison of Reported Outdoor Activities in Florida State Parks Among Three Fitness Tracker Apps. Journal of Leisure Research, 54(1), 46-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2153097
- Schirpke, U., Scolozzi, R., Da Re, R., Masiero, M., Pellegrino, D. & Marino, D. (2018). Recreational Ecosystem Services in Protected Areas: A Survey of Visitors to Natura 2000 Sites in Italy. Journal of Outdoor Eecreation and Tourism, 21, 39-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2018.01.003
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