SOSYOTROPİK VE OTONOMİK KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE DUYGUSAL ZEKÂNIN ARACILIK ROLÜ
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 222 - 241, 31.12.2020
Sema Polatcı
,
Fatih Sobacı
,
Hande Ünüvar
Öz
Kişilik özellikleri girişimcilik açısından önemli faktörlerin başında gelmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin sosyotropik ve otonomik kişilik özellikleri ile girişimcilik niyetleri arasındaki etkileşimi incelemek ayrıca bu etkileşimde duygusal zekânın aracılık rolünü belirlemektir. Araştırmaya Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi'ne (TOGÜ) bağlı beş farklı meslek yüksekokulunda eğitim gören 380 (221 kız, 159 erkek) öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, sosyotropik ve otonomik kişiliğin girişimcilik niyetini pozitif yönde etkilediğini ve duygusal zekânın bu etkide kısmi bir aracı rol üstlendiğini göstermiştir.
Kaynakça
- Acar, S. ve Uslu, D. (2018). Duygusal zekâ ile girişimcilik niyeti arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(4), 16-32.
- Akpınar, F., ve Alkış, H. (2019). Duygusal zeka ve girişimcilik eğilimi: Adıyaman üniversitesi öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (32), 341-379.
- Ann, Bao-Yi, ve Yang, Chun-Chi (2012). The Moderating role of personality Traits on emotional intelligence and conflict management styles, Psychological Reports, 110 (3), 1021-1025.
- Bahadori, M. (2012). The effect of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial behavior: A case study in a medical science üniversity. Asian Journal of Business Management, 4 (1), 81-85.
- Baron, R. M., ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51 (6),1173-1182.
- Beck, Aaron T. (1983), Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives. In P.J. Clayton & J.E. Barrett (Eds.), Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches, New York: Raven Press, 265- 290.
- Bieling, Peter J., Aaron T. Beck, ve Gregory K. Brown (2000), The sociotropy–autonomy scale: Structure and implications. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), pp. 763-780.
- Botha, M., Fourie, W., Wasserman, D.W. (2020). The relationship between entrepreneurial intention, the big five personality traits and emotional Intelligence. Proceedings of the 28th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Vision 2020: Innovation Management, Development Sustainability, and Competitive Economic Growth2016, Pages 889-907.
- Bozoğlan, B. (2013). Stress coping approaches in terms of sociotropic and autonomous personalities: A cross-sectional study among turkish university students. Mevlana International Journal of Education, 3 (4), 200-206.
- Böheim, R., Alfred S., ve Rudolf W.-E.(2009). On the persistence of job creation in old and new firms. Economics Letters, 105(1), 17-19.
- Brandstätter, H. (2011), Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51 (3), 222-230.
- Büyükbayram, A, Baysan Arabacı, L., Taş, G. Ve Varol D. (2016). Öğrenci hemşirelerin duygusal zekâ ve sosyotropi-otonomi kişilik özellikleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişki. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(3), 29-37.
- Can, H., Aşan Azizoğlu, Ö. ve Miski Aydın, E. (2015). Örgüsel davranış. Ankara, Siyasal Kitapevi.
- Caird, S. (1991). The enterprising tendency of occupational groups, International Small Business Journal, 9 (4), 75–81.
- Chan, David W. (2006). Emotional intelligence and components of burnout among chinese secondary school teachers in Hong Kong, Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 1042-1054.
- Çalık, A., Gümüş, A., ve Oğrak, A. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyotropik-otonom kişilik özellikleri ile girişimcilik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki: İibf öğrencileri üzerine bir uygulama. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(6), 35-47.
- Davidsson, Per (2013). ACE research vignette: Is entrepreneurship a matter of personality?. The Australıan Centre for Entrepreneurship Reserch, 1-2.
- Dehkordi, A. M., Sasani, A., Fathi, M. R. ve Khanmohammadi, E. (2012). Investigating the effect of emotional intelligence and personality traits on entrepreneurial intention using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(13), 286-296.
- Didişen Akçay, N., Gerçeker Özalp, G., Bolışık Bahire, Z., Baş Bakkal, D. Z. ve Gürkan, A. (2015). Pediyatri hemşirelerinin sosyotropik-otonomik kişilik özellikleri ve depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi, 5(1), 14-21.
- Eren, Erol (2015). Örgütsel davranış ve yönetim psikolojisi. Ankara, Beta Yayıncılık.
- Fairlie, R. W., ve William H. (2012). Entrepreneurship training, risk aversion and other personality traits: Evidence from a random experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 1-36.
- Freeland, E. M. (2007). A Comparison of Emotional Intelligence and Personality Factors: Two Concepts or One, University of Oklahoma.
- Goleman, D. (2007). Emotional intelligence. Bloomsbury Business Library – Manegement Library.
- Ibaishwa, R. L., Abege,T. ve Terwase, J. (2014). Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Entrepreneurial Behaviour among Students of Benue State University. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(7), 587-598.
- Javadi, M. H. M., Mehrabi, J., Jankhaneh, H. B., ve Samangooei, B. (2012). Studying the impact of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on organizational entrepreneurship. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(9), 378-384.
- Kao, Raymond WY. (1993). Defining entrepreneurship: Past, present and?. Creativity and Innovation Management, 2(1), 69-70.
- Karimi, M. ve Besharat, M. A.(2010). Comparison of hardiness, sociotropy and autonomy in team and individual sports and investigating the impact of these personality characteristics on sport achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 855-858.
- Kaya, N., Aştı, T., Acaroğlu, R., Kaya, H., ve Şendir, M. (2006). Hemşire öğrencilerin sosyotropik-otonomik kişilik özellikleri ve ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi. CÜ Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10(3), 1-11.
- Kirby, D. A. (2005). Entrepreneurship education: Can business schools meet the challenge?. Proceedings of the 2005 San Francisco-Silicon Valley, Global Entrepreneurship Research Conference, March 9 – 12, 2005 San Francisco, California. pp. 173-190.
- Kolts, R. L., April M. R., ve Jessica J. T. (2004). The relationship of sociotropy and autonomy to posttraumatic cognitions and PTSD symptomatology in trauma survivors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(1), 53-63.
- Leary, M. M., Reilly ,M. D. ve Brown, F. W. (2009). A study of personality preferences and emotional intelligence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(5), 421-434.
- Liñán, F. ve Yi–Wen C. (2009). Development and cross‐cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 593-617.
- López-Núñez, M. I., Rubio-Valdehita, S., Aparicio-García, M. E., ve Díaz-Ramiro, E. M. (2020). Are entrepreneurs born or made? The influence of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109699.
- Mortan, R. A., Ripoll, P., Carvalho, C. ve Bernal, M. C. (2014). Effects of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 30(3), 97-104.
- Noori, F. (2015). Components of emotional intelligence in Iranian entrepreneurs. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 9(4), 1309-1312.
- Obschonka, M., Rainer K. S. ve Eva S.‐R.(2012a). Explaining entrepreneurial behavior: Dispositional personality traits, growth of personal entrepreneurial resources, and business idea generation. The Career Development Quarterly, 60(2), 178-190.
- Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., ve Goethner, M. (2012b). An entrepreneurial big five profile matters, but why?. Paper presented at the European Association of Work and Organisational Psychology (EAWOP) Small Group Meeting “Advances in the Psychology of Entrepreneurship”, Sheffield, UK.
- Otacıoğlu, S. G. (2008). Müzik öğretmenlerinin sosyotropik ve otonom kişilik özellikleri ile depresyon düzeyleri üzerine ilişkisel bir araştırma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 35-50.
- Özdemir, L.(2015), “Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin sosyotropik- otonom kişilik özellikleri ile girişimcilik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(25), 115-139.
- Papis, K. G. (2015). Emotional intelligence and sociotropy-autonomy in young women with DSM-IV-TR hypochondriasis: A mixed-method study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wolverhampton.
- Polat, S. ve Aktop, E. (2010), Öğretmenlerin duygusal zeka ve örgütsel destek algılarının girişimcilik davranışlarına etkisi. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, (22), 1-20.
- Polatcı, S. ve Sobacı, F. (2014), Öğrencilerin öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeyleri üzerinde kişilik özellikleri ve duygusal zekâ düzeylerinin etkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(4), 50-71.
- Post, J (2017). What is entrepreneurship?. Business News Daily Contributor, June 22, 2017.
- Pradhan, R. K.. ve Papri, N. (2012), Perception of entrepreneurial orientation and emotional intelligence: A study on India’s future techno-managers. Global Business Review, 13 (1), 89-108.
- Rauch, A. ve Frese, M. (2007). Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16( 4), 353-385.
- Robbins, S.P. ve Judge, T. A. (2012), Örgütsel davranış. Çev. Edt.,İnci Erdem, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 14.Baskı, Ankara.
- Salman, Dlofan. A. (2017), Investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial behaviour. Journal of Duhok University, 20(2), 29-42.
- Salovey, P. ve Mayer, J. D. (1990), Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
- Schulte, Melanie J., Malcolm James Ree, ve Thomas R. Carretta (2004), “Emotional Intelligence: Not Much More than g and Personality”. Personality and Individual Differences, No: 37, pp. 1059–1068.
- Schutte, Nicola S., Malouff John M., Hall, Lena E., Haggerty, Donald J., Cooper, Joan T., Golden, Charles J., ve Dornheim, L. (1998). Developing and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, (25), 167-177.
- Serinkan, C. ve Barutçu, E. (2006), Pamukkale üniversitesi iibf öğrencilerinin kariyer planları ve sosyotropik-otonomi kişilik özelliklerine ilişkin bir araştırma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi,8 (2), 317-339.
- Suleiman, A. M. ve Hanane, K. A. (2012). Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation: The moderating role of organizational climate and employees' creativity. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 115-136.
- Şahin, N. H., Güler, M. ve Basım, H. N. (2009). A tipi kişilik örüntüsünde bilişsel ve duygusal zekanın stresle başa çıkma ve stres belirtileri ile ilişkisi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(3), 243-254.
- Uğurlu, N. ve Pako, Y. (2016). Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyotropik-otonomik kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 19 (2), 122-127.
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- http://www.pace.edu/faculty/bruce-bachenheimer-mba
EFFECTS OF SOCIOTROPIC AND AUTONOMIC PERSONALITY TRAITS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: MEDIATING ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 222 - 241, 31.12.2020
Sema Polatcı
,
Fatih Sobacı
,
Hande Ünüvar
Öz
Personality traits are among the important factors for entrepreneurship. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between sociotropic and autonomic personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions of vocational school students and the mediating role of emotional intelligence in this relationship. 380 students (221 girls, 159 boys) from five different vocational schools in Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University (TOGU) participated in the study. Research results showed that sociotropic and autonomic personalities positively affect entrepreneurial intention and emotional intelligence plays a partial mediating role on this relationship.
Kaynakça
- Acar, S. ve Uslu, D. (2018). Duygusal zekâ ile girişimcilik niyeti arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(4), 16-32.
- Akpınar, F., ve Alkış, H. (2019). Duygusal zeka ve girişimcilik eğilimi: Adıyaman üniversitesi öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (32), 341-379.
- Ann, Bao-Yi, ve Yang, Chun-Chi (2012). The Moderating role of personality Traits on emotional intelligence and conflict management styles, Psychological Reports, 110 (3), 1021-1025.
- Bahadori, M. (2012). The effect of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial behavior: A case study in a medical science üniversity. Asian Journal of Business Management, 4 (1), 81-85.
- Baron, R. M., ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51 (6),1173-1182.
- Beck, Aaron T. (1983), Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives. In P.J. Clayton & J.E. Barrett (Eds.), Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches, New York: Raven Press, 265- 290.
- Bieling, Peter J., Aaron T. Beck, ve Gregory K. Brown (2000), The sociotropy–autonomy scale: Structure and implications. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), pp. 763-780.
- Botha, M., Fourie, W., Wasserman, D.W. (2020). The relationship between entrepreneurial intention, the big five personality traits and emotional Intelligence. Proceedings of the 28th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Vision 2020: Innovation Management, Development Sustainability, and Competitive Economic Growth2016, Pages 889-907.
- Bozoğlan, B. (2013). Stress coping approaches in terms of sociotropic and autonomous personalities: A cross-sectional study among turkish university students. Mevlana International Journal of Education, 3 (4), 200-206.
- Böheim, R., Alfred S., ve Rudolf W.-E.(2009). On the persistence of job creation in old and new firms. Economics Letters, 105(1), 17-19.
- Brandstätter, H. (2011), Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51 (3), 222-230.
- Büyükbayram, A, Baysan Arabacı, L., Taş, G. Ve Varol D. (2016). Öğrenci hemşirelerin duygusal zekâ ve sosyotropi-otonomi kişilik özellikleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişki. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(3), 29-37.
- Can, H., Aşan Azizoğlu, Ö. ve Miski Aydın, E. (2015). Örgüsel davranış. Ankara, Siyasal Kitapevi.
- Caird, S. (1991). The enterprising tendency of occupational groups, International Small Business Journal, 9 (4), 75–81.
- Chan, David W. (2006). Emotional intelligence and components of burnout among chinese secondary school teachers in Hong Kong, Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 1042-1054.
- Çalık, A., Gümüş, A., ve Oğrak, A. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyotropik-otonom kişilik özellikleri ile girişimcilik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki: İibf öğrencileri üzerine bir uygulama. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(6), 35-47.
- Davidsson, Per (2013). ACE research vignette: Is entrepreneurship a matter of personality?. The Australıan Centre for Entrepreneurship Reserch, 1-2.
- Dehkordi, A. M., Sasani, A., Fathi, M. R. ve Khanmohammadi, E. (2012). Investigating the effect of emotional intelligence and personality traits on entrepreneurial intention using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(13), 286-296.
- Didişen Akçay, N., Gerçeker Özalp, G., Bolışık Bahire, Z., Baş Bakkal, D. Z. ve Gürkan, A. (2015). Pediyatri hemşirelerinin sosyotropik-otonomik kişilik özellikleri ve depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi, 5(1), 14-21.
- Eren, Erol (2015). Örgütsel davranış ve yönetim psikolojisi. Ankara, Beta Yayıncılık.
- Fairlie, R. W., ve William H. (2012). Entrepreneurship training, risk aversion and other personality traits: Evidence from a random experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 1-36.
- Freeland, E. M. (2007). A Comparison of Emotional Intelligence and Personality Factors: Two Concepts or One, University of Oklahoma.
- Goleman, D. (2007). Emotional intelligence. Bloomsbury Business Library – Manegement Library.
- Ibaishwa, R. L., Abege,T. ve Terwase, J. (2014). Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Entrepreneurial Behaviour among Students of Benue State University. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(7), 587-598.
- Javadi, M. H. M., Mehrabi, J., Jankhaneh, H. B., ve Samangooei, B. (2012). Studying the impact of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on organizational entrepreneurship. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(9), 378-384.
- Kao, Raymond WY. (1993). Defining entrepreneurship: Past, present and?. Creativity and Innovation Management, 2(1), 69-70.
- Karimi, M. ve Besharat, M. A.(2010). Comparison of hardiness, sociotropy and autonomy in team and individual sports and investigating the impact of these personality characteristics on sport achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 855-858.
- Kaya, N., Aştı, T., Acaroğlu, R., Kaya, H., ve Şendir, M. (2006). Hemşire öğrencilerin sosyotropik-otonomik kişilik özellikleri ve ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi. CÜ Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10(3), 1-11.
- Kirby, D. A. (2005). Entrepreneurship education: Can business schools meet the challenge?. Proceedings of the 2005 San Francisco-Silicon Valley, Global Entrepreneurship Research Conference, March 9 – 12, 2005 San Francisco, California. pp. 173-190.
- Kolts, R. L., April M. R., ve Jessica J. T. (2004). The relationship of sociotropy and autonomy to posttraumatic cognitions and PTSD symptomatology in trauma survivors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(1), 53-63.
- Leary, M. M., Reilly ,M. D. ve Brown, F. W. (2009). A study of personality preferences and emotional intelligence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(5), 421-434.
- Liñán, F. ve Yi–Wen C. (2009). Development and cross‐cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 593-617.
- López-Núñez, M. I., Rubio-Valdehita, S., Aparicio-García, M. E., ve Díaz-Ramiro, E. M. (2020). Are entrepreneurs born or made? The influence of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109699.
- Mortan, R. A., Ripoll, P., Carvalho, C. ve Bernal, M. C. (2014). Effects of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 30(3), 97-104.
- Noori, F. (2015). Components of emotional intelligence in Iranian entrepreneurs. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 9(4), 1309-1312.
- Obschonka, M., Rainer K. S. ve Eva S.‐R.(2012a). Explaining entrepreneurial behavior: Dispositional personality traits, growth of personal entrepreneurial resources, and business idea generation. The Career Development Quarterly, 60(2), 178-190.
- Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., ve Goethner, M. (2012b). An entrepreneurial big five profile matters, but why?. Paper presented at the European Association of Work and Organisational Psychology (EAWOP) Small Group Meeting “Advances in the Psychology of Entrepreneurship”, Sheffield, UK.
- Otacıoğlu, S. G. (2008). Müzik öğretmenlerinin sosyotropik ve otonom kişilik özellikleri ile depresyon düzeyleri üzerine ilişkisel bir araştırma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 35-50.
- Özdemir, L.(2015), “Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin sosyotropik- otonom kişilik özellikleri ile girişimcilik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(25), 115-139.
- Papis, K. G. (2015). Emotional intelligence and sociotropy-autonomy in young women with DSM-IV-TR hypochondriasis: A mixed-method study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wolverhampton.
- Polat, S. ve Aktop, E. (2010), Öğretmenlerin duygusal zeka ve örgütsel destek algılarının girişimcilik davranışlarına etkisi. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, (22), 1-20.
- Polatcı, S. ve Sobacı, F. (2014), Öğrencilerin öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeyleri üzerinde kişilik özellikleri ve duygusal zekâ düzeylerinin etkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(4), 50-71.
- Post, J (2017). What is entrepreneurship?. Business News Daily Contributor, June 22, 2017.
- Pradhan, R. K.. ve Papri, N. (2012), Perception of entrepreneurial orientation and emotional intelligence: A study on India’s future techno-managers. Global Business Review, 13 (1), 89-108.
- Rauch, A. ve Frese, M. (2007). Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16( 4), 353-385.
- Robbins, S.P. ve Judge, T. A. (2012), Örgütsel davranış. Çev. Edt.,İnci Erdem, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 14.Baskı, Ankara.
- Salman, Dlofan. A. (2017), Investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial behaviour. Journal of Duhok University, 20(2), 29-42.
- Salovey, P. ve Mayer, J. D. (1990), Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
- Schulte, Melanie J., Malcolm James Ree, ve Thomas R. Carretta (2004), “Emotional Intelligence: Not Much More than g and Personality”. Personality and Individual Differences, No: 37, pp. 1059–1068.
- Schutte, Nicola S., Malouff John M., Hall, Lena E., Haggerty, Donald J., Cooper, Joan T., Golden, Charles J., ve Dornheim, L. (1998). Developing and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, (25), 167-177.
- Serinkan, C. ve Barutçu, E. (2006), Pamukkale üniversitesi iibf öğrencilerinin kariyer planları ve sosyotropik-otonomi kişilik özelliklerine ilişkin bir araştırma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi,8 (2), 317-339.
- Suleiman, A. M. ve Hanane, K. A. (2012). Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation: The moderating role of organizational climate and employees' creativity. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 115-136.
- Şahin, N. H., Güler, M. ve Basım, H. N. (2009). A tipi kişilik örüntüsünde bilişsel ve duygusal zekanın stresle başa çıkma ve stres belirtileri ile ilişkisi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(3), 243-254.
- Uğurlu, N. ve Pako, Y. (2016). Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyotropik-otonomik kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 19 (2), 122-127.
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- http://www.pace.edu/faculty/bruce-bachenheimer-mba