Dijital Çağda Dezenformasyon: X'te Maymun Çiçeği Virüsü

Yıl 2025, , 304 - 329, 31.01.2025

Büşra Sarıkaya

https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1564114

Öz

İletişim tarihi boyunca yanlış ve sahte haber sorunsalı toplumsal yapıların sağlıklı şekilde bir arada yaşamasını engellemiştir. Özellikle genel kitleleri ilgilendiren gerek siyasi, gerek ekonomi gerek sağlık haberleri konusunda bilinçli veya bilinçsiz yapılan yanlış veya yanıltıcı haberlerin kısa sürede toplumsal infial yaratabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Gelişen teknoloji ve dijitalleşmenin hız kazanmasıyla birlikte haberleşme ve iletişime geçme kanallarının özellikle sosyal medya mecralarına geçmesi ise bilinçli yayılan sahte haberlerin hız kazanmasına olanak sağlamakla beraber, gerçek haberleri sahte haberlerden ayırt etme olasılığını da zorlaştırmıştır. Özellikle sağlık konusunda yapılan dezenformasyon, COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde toplumsal ayaklanmalara ve çeşitli aşı karşıtı ve komplo teoristlerin radikalleşmesine yol açmıştır. COVID-19 pandemisi bağlamında, sosyal medyada yanlış ve yanıltıcı bilgilerin yayılması, etkili halk sağlığı önlemleri açısından ciddi bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bireysel düzeyde, bilgi eksiklikleri, yetersiz beceriler ve duygusal motivasyon önemli rol oynamaktadır. Düşük sağlık okuryazarlığına sahip bireyler ve belirli inanç sistemlerine bağlı olanlar, yanlış bilgilere karşı daha savunmasızdırlar. Sosyal düzeyde ise, bilgi kaynaklarının güvenilirliği ve sosyal normlar, yanlış bilgilerin paylaşılmasında etkili olmaktadır. Statü arayışı ve grup aidiyeti ihtiyacı da bu süreçte rol oynamaktadır. Bağlamsal düzeyde ise, duygular ve mesajların tekrar edilmesi, yanlış bilgilere inanma ve bunları paylaşma davranışlarını etkilemektedir. Bireysel düzeydeki müdahaleler ise, bilgi ve becerilerin geliştirilmesine yönelik stratejileri içermektedir. Sosyal düzeyde ise, sosyal süreçler ve normların yanlış bilgi paylaşımını azaltacak şekilde ele alınması önerilmektedir. Bağlamsal düzeyde, sosyal medya platformlarının düzenlenmesi önemli bir müdahale alanı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Sosyal eşitsizliklerin, yanlış bilgilere maruz kalma ve bunlarla başa çıkma süreçlerindeki rolüne de dikkat çekilmektedir. Yanlış bilgilere olan duyarlılığın genel bir eğilim mi yoksa bağlama bağlı bir durum mu olduğu henüz netlik kazanmamıştır. Bu nedenle, geliştirilecek müdahalelerin, çeşitli etki faktörlerini göz önünde bulundurması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yanlış bilgilerin ve dijital dezenformasyonların özellikle sağlık haberleri üzerinde bireysel, sosyal ve durumsal-bağlamsal düzeydeki inanç ve paylaşım süreçleri üzerindeki etkileyici faktörler incelenecek ve olası müdahale imkânlarını tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dezenformasyon, Sosyal Medya, Sağlık Haberleri, Gazetecilik

DISINFORMATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: APPROACHES TO REDUCING RISKS IN DIGITAL HEALTH COMMUNICATION

Öz

Disinformation and fake news have long undermined societal cohesion. Inaccurate or misleading information, especially regarding politics, economics, or health, can trigger social unrest. Technological advancements and the rise of digital platforms, particularly social media, have amplified the spread of false information, complicating the distinction between genuine and fabricated news. Health-related misinformation, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic, posed significant public health challenges, contributing to the rise of anti-vaccine sentiments and conspiracy theories. On an individual level, susceptibility to misinformation is influenced by knowledge deficits, limited health literacy, and emotional motivations. Social factors, such as the credibility of information sources and group dynamics, also contribute to the spread of false information. Furthermore, contextual elements like emotional appeals and message repetition play a crucial role in the belief and dissemination of misinformation. Interventions at the individual level emphasize the enhancement of knowledge and critical skills, while social-level strategies focus on reshaping social norms. Additionally, regulating social media platforms is seen as key to curbing the spread of false information. This study explores the individual, social, and contextual factors that influence the belief in and sharing of misinformation, particularly in the realm of health news, and discusses potential interventions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disinformation, digital age, social media, journalism, health news

Kaynakça

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