Araştırma Makalesi
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Öğretmen Adaylarının Dijital Etik Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, , 494 - 513, 31.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.913015

Öz

Bilişim teknolojileri insanlara birçok fırsat sunmakla birlikte önümüzdeki yıllarda etkileri daha da belirgin hâle gelebilecek bazı etik sorunları da ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu nedenle gelecek nesilleri yarına hazırlamada önemli bir rol üstlenen öğretmenlerin, dijital etik konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip, bilişim teknolojilerini etik kullanan iyi birer dijital vatandaş olmaları gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının bilişim teknolojilerini etik kullanım düzeyleri bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma kesitsel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu farklı devlet üniversitelerinin eğitim fakültelerinde öğrenim gören toplam 221 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Etiği Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının bilişim teknolojilerini etik kullanım düzeylerinin; cinsiyet, bölüm, internet kullanma becerisi, bilişim etiğine ilişkin daha önce ders, kurs veya seminere katılma durumu, bilişim suçları ve cezalarına ilişkin bilgi düzeyine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre öğretmen adaylarının bilişim teknolojilerini etik kullanım düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Beyhan, Ö., & Tunç, H. S. (2012). Öğretmen adayı öğrencilerin bilişim teknolojilerini etik kullanımlarının incelenmesi. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 2(2), 85-94.
  • Buchholz, B. A., DeHart, J., & Moorman, G. (2020). Digital citizenship during a global pandemic: Moving beyond digital literacy. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 64(1), 11-17.
  • Claro, M., Salinas, Á., Cabello-Hutt, T., San Martín, E., Preiss, D. D., Valenzuela, S., & Jara, I. (2018). Teaching in a digital environment (TIDE): Defining and measuring teachers' capacity to develop students' digital information and communication skills. Computers & Education, 121, 162-174.
  • Chen, L. L., Mirpuri, S., Rao, N., & Law, N. (2021). Conceptualization and measurement of digital citizenship across disciplines. Educational Research Review, 100379.
  • Çelen, F. K., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2016). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanımı ve etik olmayan davranışlar: sorunlar, araştırmalar ve değerlendirmeler. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 4(8), 124-153.
  • Dedeoğlu, G. (2006). Bilişim toplumu ve etik sorunlar. Bursa: Alfa Aktüel Yayınları.
  • Earley, C. E., & Kelly, P. T. (2004). A note on ethics educational interventions in an undergraduate auditing course: Is there an “Enron effect”? Issues in Accounting Education, 19(1), 53-71.
  • Floridi, L. (2001). Ethics in the infosphere. The Philosophers' Magazine, 4(16), 18-19. https://doi.org/10.5840/tpm20011647
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Freeman, L., & Peace, A. G. (2005). Information ethics: Privacy and intellectual property. IGI Global.
  • Freestone, O., & Mitchell, V. (2004). Generation Y attitudes towards e-ethics and internet-related misbehaviours. Journal of Business Ethics, 54(2), 121-128.
  • Friedman, B. (1997). Social judgement and technological innovation: Adolescents’ understanding of property, privacy and electronic information. Computers in Human Behavior, 13(3), 327-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(97)00013-7
  • Gazi, Z. A. (2016). Tüm eğitim kademesinin geleceği için dijital vatandaşlığın içselleştirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(186), 137-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2016.4533
  • Gilster, P. (1997). Digital literacy. New York: Wiley Computer Publications.
  • Gnambs, T. (2021). The development of gender differences in information and communication technology (ICT) literacy in middle adolescence. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106533.
  • Hollandsworth, R., Donovan, J., & Welch, M. (2017). Digital citizenship: You can’t go home again. TechTrends, 61(6), 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0190-4
  • Instefjord, E. J., & Munthe, E. (2017). Educating digitally competent teachers: A study of integration of professional digital competence in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 37-45.
  • International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) (2016). National education technology standarts for students. International Society for Technology in Education, Washington, DC, ABD. Erişim adresi: http://www.iste.org/standards/for-students adresinden 26 Mart 2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) (2017). National education technology standarts for educators. International Society for Technology in Education, Washington, DC, ABD. Erişim adresi: http://www.iste.org/standards/for-educators adresinden 26 Mart 2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • James, C, Davis, K, Flores, A, Francis, J, Pettingill, L, Rundle, M., & Gardner, H (2009) Young people, ethics, and the new digital media: A synthesis from the GoodPlay Project. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Reports on Digital Media and Learning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Jensen, L. A., Arnett, J. J., Feldman, S. S., & Cauffman, E. (2002). It's wrong, but everybody does it: Academic dishonesty among high school and college students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27(2), 209-228.
  • Johnson, D. G. & K. Miller (2009). Computer ethics: Analyzing information technology. Pearson Education International.
  • Johnson, D. G. (1985). Computer ethics. Prentice-Hall.
  • Kelentrić, M., Helland, K., & Arstorp, A. T. (2017). Professional digital competence framework for teachers. The Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education, 1-74.
  • Kim, M., & Choi, D. (2018). Development of youth digital citizenship scale and implication for educational setting. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(1), 155-171.
  • Kim, J. E., & Kim, J. (2015). International note: Teen users' problematic online behavior: Using panel data from South Korea. Journal of Adolescence, 40, 48-53.
  • Krisanda, J., & Peslak, A. (2009). The effect of gender on the application of ethics within information technology: A meta-analysis. The proceedings of the conference on information Systems applied research (pp. 1–14). Washington DC.
  • Kumazaki, A., Suzuki, K., Katsura, R., Sakamoto, A., & Kashibuchi, M. (2011). The effects of netiquette and ICT skills on school-bullying and cyber-bullying: The two-wave panel study of Japanese elementary, secondary, and high school students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 735-741.
  • Kuzu, A. (2009). Problems related to computer ethics: Origins of the problems and suggested solutions. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 8(2), 91-110.
  • Lau, C. L. (2010). A step forward: Ethics education matters! Journal of Business Ethics, 92(4), 565-584.
  • Lau, W. W., & Yuen, A. H. (2014). Internet ethics of adolescents: Understanding demographic differences. Computers & Education, 72, 378-385.
  • Leonard, L. N., Cronan, T. P., & Kreie, J. (2004). What influences IT ethical behavior intentions—planned behavior, reasoned action, perceived importance, or individual characteristics? Information & Management, 42(1), 143-158.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. (2010). Balancing opportunities and risks in teenagers’ use of the internet: The role of online skills and internet self-efficacy. New Media & Society, 12(2), 309-329.
  • Luke, A. (2018). Digital ethics now. Language and Literacy, 20(3), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29416
  • Lund, A., Furberg, A., Bakken, J., & Engelien, K. L. (2014). What does professional digital competence mean in teacher education?. Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 9(04), 280-298.
  • Marshall, K. P. (1999). Has technology introduced new ethical problems? Journal of Business Ethics, 19(1), 81-90.
  • Mason, R. O. (1986). Four ethical issues of information age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.2307/248873
  • Meyers, E. M., Erickson, I., & Small, R. V. (2013). Digital literacy and informal learning environments: An introduction. Learning, Media and Technology, 38(4), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2013.783597
  • Morgan, K., & Morgan, M. (2008). Ethical issues in digital information technology. In T. Hansson (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Digital Information Technologies: Innovations, Methods, and Ethical Issues (pp. 455-464). IGI Global. http://doi:10.4018/978-1-59904-970-0.ch029
  • Moor, J. H. (1985). What is computer ethics? Metaphilosophy, 16(4), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9973.1985.tb00173.x
  • Moor, J. H. (2004). Reason, relativity, and responsibility in computer ethics. Readings in CyberEthics (2nd Edition). Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
  • Moor, J. H. (2005). Why we need better ethics for emerging technologies. Ethics and Information Technology, 7(3), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-006-0008-0
  • Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., & McNeal, R. S. (2007). Digital citizenship. The Internet, society and participation. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Namlu, A. G., & Odabaşı, H. F. (2007). Unethical computer using behavior scale: A study of reliability and validity on Turkish university students. Computers & Education, 48(2), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.12.006
  • National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTAI) (1999). Falling through the net: Defining the digital divide. A report on the telecommunications and information technology gap in America. NTAI, Department of Commerce. Erişim adresi: https://www.ntia.doc.gov/legacy/ntiahome/fttn99/part1.html#c 20 Mart 2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Pérez Garcias, A., & Marín, V. I. (2016). Ethics issues of digital contents for pre-service primary teachers: A Gamification Experience for Self-Assessment with Socrative. IAFOR Journal of Education, 4(2), 80-96.
  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6.
  • Ribble, M. S., Bailey, G. D., & Ross, T. W. (2004). Digital citizenship: Addressing appropriate technology behavior. Learning & Leading with Technology, 32(1), 6-11.
  • Ribble, M. (2015). Digital citizenship in schools: Nine elements all students should know. International Society for Technology in Education.
  • Shapiro, J. P., & Stefkovich, J. A. (2016). Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge.
  • Siponen, M. T., & Vartiainen, T. (2005). Attitudes to and factors affecting unauthorized copying of computer software in Finland. Behaviour & Information Technology, 24(4), 249-257.
  • Sivin, J. P., & Bialo, E. R. (1992). Ethical use of information technologies in education: Important issues for America's schools. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
  • Snyder, L. (2012). Fluency with information technology: Skills, concepts & capabilities (5th Edition). Addison Wesley.
  • Torun, E. D. (2014). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanımında etik olmayan davranışların modellenmesi. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 3(3), 56-70.
  • TÜİK (2020). Hane halkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması, 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Enstitüsü, Ankara. Erişim adresi: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=33679 adresinden 30 Mart 2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Wang, Y. Y., Wang, Y. S., & Wang, Y. M. (2020). What drives students’ Internet ethical behaviour: An integrated model of the theory of planned behaviour, personality, and Internet ethics education. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1-23.

Investigation of Pre-service Teachers’ Digital Ethics Levels in Terms of Some Variables

Yıl 2021, , 494 - 513, 31.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.913015

Öz

Information technologies offer many opportunities to people. However, they cause some ethical problems whose impacts may become more apparent in the coming years. Thus teachers, who play a key role in preparing the posterity to the future, are expected to be good digital citizens who have adequate information on digital ethics and are competent in the ethical use of information technologies. In this research, pre-service teachers’ ethical use levels of information technologies were examined in terms of some variables. The research was designed in a cross-sectional survey. The study group comprised a total of 221 pre-service teachers studying in faculties of education in different state universities. In the research, the “Personal Information Form” and “Information and Communication Technologies Ethics Scale” were used as data collection tools. As a result of data analysis, it was determined that the pre service teachers’ ethical use level of information technologies showed a statistically significant difference according to their gender, department, the skill of using the internet, state of having previously participated in a course or seminar regarding digital ethics, and their knowledge level of cyber-crimes and law enforcement. According to the research result, it was concluded that the pre-service teachers had a high ethical use level of information technologies.

Kaynakça

  • Beyhan, Ö., & Tunç, H. S. (2012). Öğretmen adayı öğrencilerin bilişim teknolojilerini etik kullanımlarının incelenmesi. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 2(2), 85-94.
  • Buchholz, B. A., DeHart, J., & Moorman, G. (2020). Digital citizenship during a global pandemic: Moving beyond digital literacy. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 64(1), 11-17.
  • Claro, M., Salinas, Á., Cabello-Hutt, T., San Martín, E., Preiss, D. D., Valenzuela, S., & Jara, I. (2018). Teaching in a digital environment (TIDE): Defining and measuring teachers' capacity to develop students' digital information and communication skills. Computers & Education, 121, 162-174.
  • Chen, L. L., Mirpuri, S., Rao, N., & Law, N. (2021). Conceptualization and measurement of digital citizenship across disciplines. Educational Research Review, 100379.
  • Çelen, F. K., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2016). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanımı ve etik olmayan davranışlar: sorunlar, araştırmalar ve değerlendirmeler. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 4(8), 124-153.
  • Dedeoğlu, G. (2006). Bilişim toplumu ve etik sorunlar. Bursa: Alfa Aktüel Yayınları.
  • Earley, C. E., & Kelly, P. T. (2004). A note on ethics educational interventions in an undergraduate auditing course: Is there an “Enron effect”? Issues in Accounting Education, 19(1), 53-71.
  • Floridi, L. (2001). Ethics in the infosphere. The Philosophers' Magazine, 4(16), 18-19. https://doi.org/10.5840/tpm20011647
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Freeman, L., & Peace, A. G. (2005). Information ethics: Privacy and intellectual property. IGI Global.
  • Freestone, O., & Mitchell, V. (2004). Generation Y attitudes towards e-ethics and internet-related misbehaviours. Journal of Business Ethics, 54(2), 121-128.
  • Friedman, B. (1997). Social judgement and technological innovation: Adolescents’ understanding of property, privacy and electronic information. Computers in Human Behavior, 13(3), 327-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(97)00013-7
  • Gazi, Z. A. (2016). Tüm eğitim kademesinin geleceği için dijital vatandaşlığın içselleştirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(186), 137-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2016.4533
  • Gilster, P. (1997). Digital literacy. New York: Wiley Computer Publications.
  • Gnambs, T. (2021). The development of gender differences in information and communication technology (ICT) literacy in middle adolescence. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106533.
  • Hollandsworth, R., Donovan, J., & Welch, M. (2017). Digital citizenship: You can’t go home again. TechTrends, 61(6), 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0190-4
  • Instefjord, E. J., & Munthe, E. (2017). Educating digitally competent teachers: A study of integration of professional digital competence in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 37-45.
  • International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) (2016). National education technology standarts for students. International Society for Technology in Education, Washington, DC, ABD. Erişim adresi: http://www.iste.org/standards/for-students adresinden 26 Mart 2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) (2017). National education technology standarts for educators. International Society for Technology in Education, Washington, DC, ABD. Erişim adresi: http://www.iste.org/standards/for-educators adresinden 26 Mart 2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • James, C, Davis, K, Flores, A, Francis, J, Pettingill, L, Rundle, M., & Gardner, H (2009) Young people, ethics, and the new digital media: A synthesis from the GoodPlay Project. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Reports on Digital Media and Learning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Jensen, L. A., Arnett, J. J., Feldman, S. S., & Cauffman, E. (2002). It's wrong, but everybody does it: Academic dishonesty among high school and college students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27(2), 209-228.
  • Johnson, D. G. & K. Miller (2009). Computer ethics: Analyzing information technology. Pearson Education International.
  • Johnson, D. G. (1985). Computer ethics. Prentice-Hall.
  • Kelentrić, M., Helland, K., & Arstorp, A. T. (2017). Professional digital competence framework for teachers. The Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education, 1-74.
  • Kim, M., & Choi, D. (2018). Development of youth digital citizenship scale and implication for educational setting. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(1), 155-171.
  • Kim, J. E., & Kim, J. (2015). International note: Teen users' problematic online behavior: Using panel data from South Korea. Journal of Adolescence, 40, 48-53.
  • Krisanda, J., & Peslak, A. (2009). The effect of gender on the application of ethics within information technology: A meta-analysis. The proceedings of the conference on information Systems applied research (pp. 1–14). Washington DC.
  • Kumazaki, A., Suzuki, K., Katsura, R., Sakamoto, A., & Kashibuchi, M. (2011). The effects of netiquette and ICT skills on school-bullying and cyber-bullying: The two-wave panel study of Japanese elementary, secondary, and high school students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 735-741.
  • Kuzu, A. (2009). Problems related to computer ethics: Origins of the problems and suggested solutions. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 8(2), 91-110.
  • Lau, C. L. (2010). A step forward: Ethics education matters! Journal of Business Ethics, 92(4), 565-584.
  • Lau, W. W., & Yuen, A. H. (2014). Internet ethics of adolescents: Understanding demographic differences. Computers & Education, 72, 378-385.
  • Leonard, L. N., Cronan, T. P., & Kreie, J. (2004). What influences IT ethical behavior intentions—planned behavior, reasoned action, perceived importance, or individual characteristics? Information & Management, 42(1), 143-158.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. (2010). Balancing opportunities and risks in teenagers’ use of the internet: The role of online skills and internet self-efficacy. New Media & Society, 12(2), 309-329.
  • Luke, A. (2018). Digital ethics now. Language and Literacy, 20(3), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29416
  • Lund, A., Furberg, A., Bakken, J., & Engelien, K. L. (2014). What does professional digital competence mean in teacher education?. Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 9(04), 280-298.
  • Marshall, K. P. (1999). Has technology introduced new ethical problems? Journal of Business Ethics, 19(1), 81-90.
  • Mason, R. O. (1986). Four ethical issues of information age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.2307/248873
  • Meyers, E. M., Erickson, I., & Small, R. V. (2013). Digital literacy and informal learning environments: An introduction. Learning, Media and Technology, 38(4), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2013.783597
  • Morgan, K., & Morgan, M. (2008). Ethical issues in digital information technology. In T. Hansson (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Digital Information Technologies: Innovations, Methods, and Ethical Issues (pp. 455-464). IGI Global. http://doi:10.4018/978-1-59904-970-0.ch029
  • Moor, J. H. (1985). What is computer ethics? Metaphilosophy, 16(4), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9973.1985.tb00173.x
  • Moor, J. H. (2004). Reason, relativity, and responsibility in computer ethics. Readings in CyberEthics (2nd Edition). Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
  • Moor, J. H. (2005). Why we need better ethics for emerging technologies. Ethics and Information Technology, 7(3), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-006-0008-0
  • Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., & McNeal, R. S. (2007). Digital citizenship. The Internet, society and participation. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Namlu, A. G., & Odabaşı, H. F. (2007). Unethical computer using behavior scale: A study of reliability and validity on Turkish university students. Computers & Education, 48(2), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.12.006
  • National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTAI) (1999). Falling through the net: Defining the digital divide. A report on the telecommunications and information technology gap in America. NTAI, Department of Commerce. Erişim adresi: https://www.ntia.doc.gov/legacy/ntiahome/fttn99/part1.html#c 20 Mart 2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Pérez Garcias, A., & Marín, V. I. (2016). Ethics issues of digital contents for pre-service primary teachers: A Gamification Experience for Self-Assessment with Socrative. IAFOR Journal of Education, 4(2), 80-96.
  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6.
  • Ribble, M. S., Bailey, G. D., & Ross, T. W. (2004). Digital citizenship: Addressing appropriate technology behavior. Learning & Leading with Technology, 32(1), 6-11.
  • Ribble, M. (2015). Digital citizenship in schools: Nine elements all students should know. International Society for Technology in Education.
  • Shapiro, J. P., & Stefkovich, J. A. (2016). Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge.
  • Siponen, M. T., & Vartiainen, T. (2005). Attitudes to and factors affecting unauthorized copying of computer software in Finland. Behaviour & Information Technology, 24(4), 249-257.
  • Sivin, J. P., & Bialo, E. R. (1992). Ethical use of information technologies in education: Important issues for America's schools. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
  • Snyder, L. (2012). Fluency with information technology: Skills, concepts & capabilities (5th Edition). Addison Wesley.
  • Torun, E. D. (2014). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanımında etik olmayan davranışların modellenmesi. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 3(3), 56-70.
  • TÜİK (2020). Hane halkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması, 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Enstitüsü, Ankara. Erişim adresi: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=33679 adresinden 30 Mart 2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Wang, Y. Y., Wang, Y. S., & Wang, Y. M. (2020). What drives students’ Internet ethical behaviour: An integrated model of the theory of planned behaviour, personality, and Internet ethics education. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1-23.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Özkan Özbay 0000-0001-7754-2594

Uğur Doğan 0000-0002-1729-6763

Esma Yıldız 0000-0002-0916-9924

Süleyman Sadi Seferoğlu 0000-0002-5010-484X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Nisan 2021
Kabul Tarihi 24 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Özbay, Ö., Doğan, U., Yıldız, E., Seferoğlu, S. S. (2021). Öğretmen Adaylarının Dijital Etik Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. TRT Akademi, 6(12), 494-513. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.913015