THE USE OF SELF-MANAGEMENT IN SUPPORTING THE SOCIAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF INDIVIDULS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD): A COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSES

Öz

Social communication skills are one of the fundamental areas where individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require the most support. Various approaches are utilized to support these skills, one of which is the evidence-based self-management method. Self-management is an intervention that aims to help individuals gain awareness by monitoring their own behavior and evaluating the appropriateness of that behavior. Through this intervention, individuals learn to observe their behavior, reinforce appropriate behaviors, and thus regulate their behavior independently. In this respect, self-management supports individuals in controlling their own behavior without depending on others and contributes to their independence. Furthermore, this intervention, which encourages individuals to recognize their own reactions, is seen as a motivational and effective method for developing social communication skills. The aim of this study is to review studies that use self-management practices to support the social communication skills of individuals with ASD and to describe the data obtained. In this regard, a comprehensive search was conducted using relevant keywords in the specified databases; 22 studies were included in the review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed under 11 different categories, including participant characteristics, dependent and independent variables, research designs, general findings, and effectiveness. The findings indicate that self-management interventions are effective in improving the social communication skills of individuals with ASD and that this effect is sustained during the maintenance and generalization phases. Finally, the findings were discussed in light of the literature, and recommendations were made for researchers and practitioners.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• social communication
• self management
• systematic literatüre review
• autism spectrum disorder

OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU (OSB) OLAN BİREYLERİN SOSYAL İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNİN DESTEKLENMESİNDE KENDİNİ YÖNETMENİN KULLANIMI: KAPSAMLI BETİMSEL ANALİZ

Öz

Sosyal iletişim becerileri, otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylerin en fazla desteğe gereksinim duydukları temel alanlardan biridir. Bu becerilerin desteklenmesine yönelik olarak farklı uygulamalardan yararlanılmakta, bunlardan biri de kanıt temelli bir yaklaşım olan kendini yönetme yöntemidir. Kendini yönetme, bireylerin kendi davranışlarını izleyerek farkındalık kazanmalarını ve bu davranışların uygunluğunu değerlendirmelerini amaçlayan bir müdahaledir. Bireyler, bu müdahale aracılığıyla davranışlarını gözlemlemeyi, uygun olanları pekiştirmeyi ve böylece bağımsız şekilde davranışlarını düzenlemeyi öğrenirler. Bu yönüyle kendini yönetme, bireylerin bir başkasına bağımlı olmadan kendi davranışlarını kontrol etmelerini destekler ve bağımsızlık kazanmalarına katkı sağlar. Ayrıca, bireylerin kendi tepkilerini fark etmelerini teşvik eden bu müdahale, sosyal iletişim becerilerinin geliştirilmesinde motivasyonel ve etkili bir yöntem olarak görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, OSB olan bireylerin sosyal iletişim becerilerinin desteklenmesinde kendini yönetme uygulamasının kullanıldığı çalışmaları incelemek ve elde edilen verileri betimsel olarak analiz etmektir. Bu doğrultuda, belirlenen veri tabanlarında ilgili anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak kapsamlı bir tarama yapılmış; dahil edilme ve hariç tutulma kriterleri doğrultusunda 22 araştırma inceleme kapsamına alınmıştır. Bu araştırmalar, katılımcı özellikleri, bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler, araştırma desenleri, genel sonuçlar ve etkililik gibi 11 farklı kategori altında analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, kendini yönetme müdahalesinin OSB olan bireylerin sosyal iletişim becerilerini geliştirmede etkili olduğunu ve bu etkinin kalıcılık ile genelleme aşamalarında da sürdüğünü göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bulgular literatür ışığında tartışılmış ve araştırmacılar ile uygulayıcılara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sosyal iletişim
• kendini yönetme
• otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• betimsel analiz

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