GEÇ TUNÇ ÇAĞI’NDA BATI ANADOLU’DA TEKSTİL ÜRETİMİ: ÇİNE-TEPECİK HÖYÜĞÜ TEZGAH AĞIRLIKLARI

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 19, 93 - 111, 01.01.2016

Derya Yılmaz

Öz

Aydın ili Çine ilçesinde bulunan Tepecik Höyüğü Geç Tunç Çağı tabakalarında ele geçirilen çeşitli dokuma aletleri Anadolu dokumacılık tarihi bakımından önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada pişmiş ve pişmemiş topraktan üretilmiş, çeşitli tiplerdeki tezgah ağırlıkları tipolojik ve teknolojik bakımdan değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Anadolu, Ege Dünyası ve Önasya’dan çeşitli buluntu yerlerindeki benzer örneklerle karşılaştırmalar yapılarak dağılım alanları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Kültürel ilişkiler bakımından incelenen farklı tip tezgah ağırlıklarının aynı dönemde bir arada kullanılmasının nedenleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Sonuç olarak 4 farklı tip ile temsil edilen dokuma tezgah ağırlıkları, yerli Batı Anadolulu tiplerin yanında, bir taraftan Hitit kültür bölgesinden tanınan hilal biçimli tezgah ağırlıkları ve diğer taraftan Ege Dünyası’ndan Doğu Akdeniz’e kadar çok geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılan pişmemiş topraktan yapılmış silindir biçimli tezgah ağırlıkları; Çine-Tepecik Höyüğü’nün Geç Tunç Çağı Anadolu’sunda bölgeler arası ilişkileri etkin olan önemli bir merkez olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Tezgah ağırlıklarının sayısı göz önüne alındığında tekstil üretiminin endüstriyel boyutlarda olmadığı, daha çok halkın ihtiyacına yönelik yerel karakterde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çeşitli ağırlık ve şekillere sahip tezgah ağırlıkları, farklı türde kumaşların üretildiğini kanıtlamaktadır. Bu durum Çine Tepecik Höyüğü sakinlerinin, dokumacılıkta geleneksel teknolojiyle beraber yeni teknolojileri de kullandığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dokumacılık. Geç Tunç Çağı. Batı Anadolu. Tezgah Ağırlığı. Çine-Tepecik Höyüğü

TEXTILE PRODUCTION IN WESTERN ANATOLIA IN THE LATE BRONZE AGE: LOOM WEIGHTS FROM ÇİNE-TEPECİK HÖYÜK

Öz

The textile tools recovered at the Late Bronze Age levels of Tepecik Höyük, which is located in Çine Town of Aydın Province, provide important information about the weaving history of Anatolia. In this study, several types of baked clay and unbaked clay loom weights were examined in terms of their typological and technological characteristics. In addition, the comparisons were made with the similar examples that were recovered in various findspots in Anatolia, in the Aegean and in the Near East with an aim to determine their distribution area. The loom weights were studied in terms of cultural relations, focusing on the reasons for the usage of different types loom weights at the same period. As a result, it is understood that they were represented in 4 different types and the existence of local Western Anatolian types together with the crescent loom weights known from Hittite cultural region and the unbaked spools which were widespread in a large geographical area as from the Aegean to the Eastern Mediterranean, proves that Çine-Tepecik Höyük was an important centre with active interregional cultural relations in Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age. Given the number of loom weights, it is understood that textile production were not in industrial scale, rather had a local character that caters the needs of local people. The loom weights in various weights and shapes demonstrate that the different types of textiles were produced. It also shows that the residents of Çine-Tepecik Höyük used traditional weaving technologies together with the new technologies

Anahtar Kelimeler

Weaving. Late Bronze Age. Western Anatolia. Loom Weight. Çine-Tepecik Höyük

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