Turistlerin Algıladıkları Sağlık Riski ve Gelecek Seyahat Davranışları: COVID-19 Dönemi Örneği

Öz

Salgınlar, birçok sektörü etkilediği gibi turizmi de ciddi anlamda etkilemektedir. Örneğin, 2003 yılında SARS ve 2014 Ebola krizi gibi salgınlar turizm talebini büyük ölçüde azaltmıştır. Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde Aralık 2019’da ortaya çıkan Covid 19 virüsü ise kısa bir süre içinde tüm dünyayı etkilemiştir. Covid 19 bugüne kadar ki en ölümcül salgın olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile, Covid-19 sonrası yerli turistlerin davranış niyetlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel desende planlanan araştırmada, veri toplama yöntemiolarak görüşme tercih edilmiş ve veriler yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu yardımıyla 18 katılımcıdan toplanmıştır. Görüşme yöntemi ile birlikle elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Görüşmeler, 2020 yılı Mayıs ayında gönüllü katılımcılar ile yüz yüze şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerde yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama işlemi, nitel araştırma yöntemleri içerisinde sıklıkla tercih edilen mülakat tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler araştırmacılar tarafından Maxqda 18 analiz programına girilerek analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında bulgular; “virüsün tatil planına etkisi, koronavirüs ve tatil riskleri, medyanın seyahat algısı, virüsün turizm işletmelerinden beklentiye olan etkisi, yakın zamanda tatile çıkma ile ilgili düşünceler ve yakın zamanda tatile çıkmanın hissettirdikleri” olmak üzere 6 tema altında toplanmıştır. Bu temalardan katılımcıların virüsün tatil planlarına olan etkisi ile ilgili genellikle tatil planlarını iptal ettikleri yada erteledikleri görüşünde oldukları belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada koronavirüs ve tatil risklerine dair bulgular arasında tatile çıkmanın bulaş riski ve kalabalık, turizm işletmeleri tatil için en riskli olanların konaklama işletmeleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Son olarak bu çalışmada yakın zamanda tatile çıkmanın hissettirdiklerine dair bulgular arasında heyecan, mutluluk ve psikolojik rahatlık ifadeleri ön plana çıkmakta ve bazı katılımcılar için endişe yaratmaktadır. Pandemi sırasında turistlerin davranış niyetleri ile ilgili fikirlerinin alınması pandemi sonrasında yapılacak olan çalışmalar için bir köprü görevi görecektir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçların, turizm profesyonellerine, destinasyonyöneticilerine ve konu ile ilgili çalışmalar yapan araştırmacılara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turist
• algılanan risk
• davranış niyeti
• sağlık riski
• Covid-19.

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