Arkadaş Ve Akraba Ziyareti (Aaz) Turizmi Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İncelemeA Conceptual Investıgatıon About Vısıtıng Frıends And Relatıves (Vfr)

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 53 - 70, 01.01.2016

Reyhan Arslan Ayazlar

Öz

Turizm endüstrisinde öne çıkan eğilimlerden biri arkadaş ve akraba ziyaretidir (AAZ). Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Turizm Örgütü verilerine göre AAZ, uluslararası seyahatlerde önemli bir pazar payına sahiptir. Bununla birlikte alan yazında pazarın homojen bir yapıda olduğu ve ziyaretçilerin turistik ürünlerin kullanımını tercih etmediğine yönelik düşünceler bu alanın göz ardı edilmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma ile AAZ turizmi üzerine bir alan yazın değerlendirmesinde bulunulmaktadır. Bu kapsamda AAZ turizminin önemine değinilmekte, turist ve ağırlayıcıların özellikleri ve bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar incelenmektedir. İnceleme sonucunda AAZ turizminin heterojen bir yapıda olduğu görülmüştür. Turistler yalnızca arkadaş ve akraba ziyaretinde bulunanların yanı sıra tatillerinde dinlenmeyi de bir güdü aracı olarak görenler; arkadaş ve akrabalarının yanında kalanlar ile gittikleri bölgede bir konaklama işletmesinde kalmayı tercih edenler gibi çeşitli özellikler sergilemektedir. Ağırlayıcılar da kendilerini ziyarete gelen arkadaş veya akrabalarını ağırlama yönünden çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Alanyazında gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların da sunulduğu bu çalışma ile, akademik çalışmaların yanı sıra turizm endüstrisinde yer alan işletmelerin bu pazara dikkatlerinin çekilmesi hedeflenmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arkadaş ve akraba ziyareti, ağırlayıcı, destinasyon pazarlaması

A CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION ABOUT VISITING FRIENDS AND RELATIVES (VFR)

Öz

One of the prominent tendencies in tourism industry is visiting friends and relatives (VFR). According to UNWTO data, VFR has an important market share in international travels. However, this area has been ignored because there is an idea that VFR has a homogenous structure and visitors don’t prefer tourism products. Therefore, this study aims to make evaluations about VFR. In this context, it’s mentioned the importance of VFR and viewed VFR tourists’ and hosts’ features and previous research. As a result of the investigation it’s observed that VFR is a heterogenous market. There are various types of visitors for example, only VFR tourists, visitors motivated VFR and recreation, visitors stayed with their friends and relatives of VFR visitors preferred an accommodation choice. There are also a variety among VFR hosts. This study which has been investigated previous research in the literature aims to stand out VFR market as a prolific area for academic studies and also tourism industry

Anahtar Kelimeler

Visiting friends and relatives, host, destination marketing

Kaynakça

• Asiedu, A. B. (2008). Participants’ characteristics and economic benefits of visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism – an ınternational survey of the literature with implications for
• Ghana. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10, 690- 621. Backer, E. R. (2007). VFR travel: an examination of the expenditures of VFR travellers and their hosts. Current Issues in Tourism, 10(4), 366-377.
• Backer, E. R. (2008). VFR travel- The forgotten tourism marketing opportunity research findings on VFR (visiting friends and relatives) travel, Ballarat, Victoria, 3353, August.
• Backer, E. R. (2008a). VFR travallers-visiting the destination or visiting the hosts?.
• Asian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2(1), 60-70. Backer, E. R. (2008b). The relationship of VFR travellers with tourism industries, İçinde
• Fountain, J. Ve Moore, K. (Ed.). Re-creating Tourism: Proceedings of the NZTHR Conference, 3-5 Dec. 2008, Hanmer Springs, New Zealand. CD Rom, Lincoln University, New Zealand.
• Backer, E. R. (2009). The VFR trilogy,. CAUTHE Conference Proceedings, Fremantle, WA.
• Backer, E. R. (2010). Opportunities for commercial accommodation in VFR travel.
• International Journal of Tourism Research, 12, 334-354. Backer, E. R. (2012). VFR Travel: it is underestimated. Tourism Management, 33, 74-79.
• Backer, E. ve Hay, B. (2014). VFR travel in practice: case studies from Victoria, Australia,
• CAUTHE Conference Proceedings February 20-13 Brisbane Australi, 44-56. Belber, B. G. (2011) Nevşehir’e gelen “İspanyolca Konuşan” turistlerin profilini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 60.
• Bischoff, E. E. ve Koenig-Lewis, N. (2007). VFR tourism: the importance of university students as hosts. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9, 465-484.
• Braunlich, C. G. ve Nadkarni, N. (1995). The importance of the VFR market to the hotel industry. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 38-47.
• Brocx, B. M. (2003). Visits by friends and relatives revisited: a study of host behaviour in
• Auckand, New Zealand, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington. Capistrano, R. C. G. (2013). Visiting friends and relatives travel, host-guest interactions and qualitative research: Methodological and ethical implications. Asia-Pacific Journal of
• Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism, 2(1), 87-100. Cohen, A. J. ve Harris, N. G. (1998). Mode choice for VFR journeys. Journal of Transpport Geography, 6(1), 43-51.
• Çoban, G., Avcıkurt, C. ve Özbek, V. (2015). Midilli’den Ayvalık’a gelen turistlerin alışveriş tercihlerinin ve alışverişten memnuniyet düzeylerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma,
• International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, 8(15), 247-268. Griffin, T. (2012). Research note: A content analysis of articles on visiting friends and relatives tourism, 1990-2010. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 22 (7), 781
• Günal, V. (2005). Mardin iline gelen yerli turistlerin profil ve turistik davranışlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 55-67.
• Huang, C. T., Yung, C. Y. ve Huang, J. H. (1996). Trends in outbound tourism from Taiwan.
• Tourism Management, 17(3), 223-228. Hu, B. ve Morrison, A. M. (2002). Tripography: Can destination use patterns enhance understanding of the VFR market?. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(3), 201- 220.
• Jackson, R. T. (1990, 2003). VFR tourism: is it underestimated?,The Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(1), 17-24.
• Karasar, N. (2003). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, İstanbul: Nobel Yayınevi.
• Kotler, P., Bowen, J. ve Makens, J. (2006). Marketing for hospitality and tourism, 4. Baskı,
• Pearson Education: New Jersey. Köşker, H. ve Kahyaoğlu, M. (2015). Süphan Dağı’nı ziyaret eden yerli turist profili, Bitlis
• Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(1), 75-92. Lehto, X. Y., Morrison, A. M. ve O’Leary, J. T. (2001). Does the visiting friends and relatives’ typology make a difference? A study of the international VFR market to the United
• States. Journal of Travel Research, 40, 201-212. Lee, G., Morrison, A. A., Lehto, X. Y., Webb, J. ve Reid, J. (2005). VFR: is it really marginal? A financial consideration of French overseas travellers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 11(4), 340-356.
• McKercher, B. (1996). Host involvement in VFR travel. Annals of Tourism Research, (3),701-703.
• Meis, S., Joyal, S. ve Trites, A. (1995). The US repeat and VFR visitor to Canada, come again, Eh . The Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 27-37.
• Morrison, A. M., Hsieh, S. ve O’Leary, J. T. (1995). Segmenting the visiting friends and relatives market by holiday activity participation. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 63.
• Morrison, A. M., Verginis, C. ve O’Leary, J. T. (2000a). Reaching the unwanted and unreachable: an analysis of the outbound, long haul German and British visiting friends and relatives market. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2(3), 214-231.
• Morrison, A., Woods, B., Pearce, P., Moscardo, G. ve Sung, H. (2000b). Marketing to the visiting friends and relatives segment: an international analysis. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 6(2), 102-118.
• Moscardo, G., Pearce, P., Morrison, A., Green, D. ve O’Leary, J.T.(2000).Developing a typology for understanding visiting friends and relatives markets. Journal of Travel Research, , 251-259.
• Orel, F. D. ve Yavuz, C. (2003). Rekreasyonel turizmde müşteri potansiyelinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir pilot çalışma, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(11), 76.
• Pavli, A., Katerelos, P., Pierroutsakos, I. N. ve Maltezou, H. C. (2009). Pre-travel counselling in Greece for travellers visiting friends and relatives. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, , 312-315.
• Pennington-Gray, L. (2003). Understanding the domestic VFR drive market in Florida.
• Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(4), 354-367. Ramachandran, S. (2006). Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) market: a conceptual framework. TEAM Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 3(1), 1-10.
• Seaton, A. V. ve Tagg, S. (1995). Disaggregating friends and relatives in VFR tourism research: The Northern Ireland evidence 1991-1993. The Journal of Tourism Research, 6(1), 18.
• Seaton, A. V. ve Palmer, C. (1997). Understanding VFR tourism behaviour: the first five years of the United Kingdom tourism survey. Tourism Management, 18(6), 345-355.
• Shani, A. ve Uriely, N. (2012). VFR tourism the host experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 421-440.
• Taylor, R., Shanka, T. ve Pope, J. (2004). Investigating the significance of VFR visits to international students. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 14(1), 61-77.
• Tham Min-En, A. (2006). Travel stimulated by international students in Australia.
• International Journal of Tourism Research, 8, 451-468. TÜİK (2015). Geliş Nedenine Göre Çıkış Yapan Ziyaretçiler, 2003-2015. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1072 (24.12.2015).
• TÜRSAB (2015). ITB Berlin 2015 Turizm Fuarı Değerlendirme Raporu. Ar-Ge Birimi. http://www.tursab.org.tr/dosya/12368/itb-berlin-fuar-raporu-2015- son_12368_503253.pdf (20.08.2015).
• UNWTO (2015) UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2015 Edition. http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899 (29.09.2015).
• UNWTO (2011) Tourism Towards 2030 Global Overview. http://ictur.sectur.gob.mx/descargas/Publicaciones/Boletin/cedoc2012/cedoc2 /unwto2030.pdf (30.09.2015).
• Young, C. A., Corsun, D. L. ve Baloglu, S. (2007). A taxonomy of hosts visiting friends and relatives. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(2), 497-516.
• Yuan, T., Fridgem, J., Hsieh, S. ve O’Leary, J. (1995). Visiting friends and relatives travel market: The Dutch case. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 19-26.