Eğitimdeki Eşitsizliğin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

İnsanların çok az kontrol sahibi oldukları servet, cinsiyet, etnik köken ve konum gibi koşulların, eğitim ve yaşam fırsatlarını şekillendirmede önemli bir rolü vardır. Bu nedenle eşitsizlik sorunu, sadece sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan değil eğitim açısından da önemli konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Eğitimdeki eşitsizliğin giderilmesi için politika yapıcılar ve uygulayıcılar eğitim ve diğer sosyal olanakların eşit dağılımını sağlamalıdır. Toplumların sahip oldukları sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel sermaye bileşimi eğitimle etkileşim halindedir. Ayrıca, bilindiği gibi eğitim özellikle beşerî sermayenin geliştirilmesi konusundaki kilit unsurlardan biridir. Beşerî sermaye birikimi engellendiğinde meydana gelecek olan kayıplar telafi edilemez, bu yüzden nitelikli işgücüne ulaşma açısından eğitime önem vermemiz gerekmektedir. Ancak gerek eğitimin niteliği gerekse eğitime ulaşım açısından tüm ülkelerde eşit koşullar sağlanamamaktadır. Bu nedenle, eğitimdeki eşitsizliğin yoğun olduğu ülkelerde insanların sahip oldukları zekâ, yetenek, kabiliyet farklılaşmakta ve beşerî sermayenin kalkınma ve büyüme sürecindeki etkileri sınırlandırılmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada amacımız İnsani Gelişme Endeksinde alt bir endeks olarak hesaplanan ve eğitimin ülkede ortalama dağılımı hakkında bilgi veren Eğitim Endeksi ile eğitimin dağılımına duyarlı olan Eşitsizlikle Uyumlandırılmış Eğitim Endeksinin ülkeler arası karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmamızda ayrıca eğitim dağılımından kaynaklı kayıpların hangi ülke grupları için yüksek olduğu tespit edilecek ve bu ülkelerde daha eşit bir eğitimin sağlanması için çözüm önerileri getirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eğitim Eşitsizliği,İnsani Gelişme Endeksi,Eşitsizlikle Uyumlandırılmış Eğitim Endeksi

Evaluation of Inequality in Education

Abstract

Conditions such as wealth, gender, ethnicity, and location, of which people have little control, have an important role in shaping education and life opportunities. Therefore, the problem of inequality has become one of the important issues not only in terms of social and economic conditions but also in terms of education. Policymakers and practitioners should ensure the equal distribution of education and other social means in order to overcome inequality in education The social, economic and cultural capital composition of the societies interacts with education. Moreover, as is known, education is one of the key elements in the development of human capital. The losses that will occur when the accumulation of human capital is prevented cannot be compensated, so we need to give importance to education in terms of achieving qualified labor. However, equal conditions cannot be achieved in all countries in terms of both the quality of education and access to education. Therefore, in countries where there is a high level of inequality in education, the intelligence, ability, and ability of people are differentiated and the effects of human capital on development and growth process are limited. In this study, it is aimed to compare the Education Index, which shows the average distribution of education in the country, and the Inequality-Adjusted Education Index, which is sensitive to the distribution of education, among the country groups. In addition, the losses due to the distribution of education will be evaluated for the country groups to provide policy proposals for more equal education.

Keywords

• Education Inequality,Human Development Index,Inequality-Adjusted Education Index

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