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An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11
Öz
Many countries have structured their educational systems based on Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. However, Piaget also emphasized that development is influenced by culture and that the age ranges for cognitive stages may vary across different cultural contexts. Therefore, it is essential to understand the developmental stages of children within a specific country before designing educational levels, developing instructional materials, or implementing teacher training programs. Otherwise, the quality and effectiveness of a country's educational system may be compromised. This study investigated the cognitive development stages and scientific reasoning characteristics of children aged 7 to 11. The sample consisted of 45 students, divided into five age groups. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observation forms. The interview questions were based on two thought experiments from the social sciences. A total of 90 interviews were conducted, and 765 responses were analyzed using a qualitative data analysis program. The results indicated that all age groups exhibited the four types of scientific reasoning—abductive, inductive, deductive, and hypothetico-deductive—in varying frequencies and proportions. Additionally, the preoperational stage was found to persist until age 9, and the absence of clear indicators of the concrete operational stage suggests that it may begin around that age. Based on these results, recommendations are provided for the structuring of educational practices.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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- Ateş, M.E (2015). Bilimlerde düşünce deneyleri. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 1, 125–138.
- Ateş, S. (Ed.). (2019). Bilimsel muhakeme (Akıl yürütme). Palme Yayınevi.
- Ateşman, E. (1997). Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Ankara University Dil Dergisi, 57, 71-74
- Aydın, B. (2020). Gelişimin doğası. B. Yeşilyaprak (Ed.), Eğitim psikolojisi: Gelişim-öğrenme-öğretim içinde (ss. 29-55). Pegem Akademi.
- Bağcıoğlu Ünver, G. (2016). Gelişimle ilgili temel kavramlar, gelişimin temel ilkeleri ve gelişimi etkileyen faktörler. A. Ulusoy (Ed.), Eğitim psikolojisi içinde (s. 30-47). Anı Yayıncılık.
- Bjorklund, D.F. (2000). Children’s thinking: Developmental function and individual differences. Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
- Bruner, J.S. (1960). The process of education. Vintage Books.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Öğrenme Kuramları, Eğitimin Psikolojik Temelleri , Çocuk Gelişimi Eğitimi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Erken Görünüm Tarihi
16 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
27 Aralık 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi
2 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi
18 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2025 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3
APA
Tunalı, Ö., & Aktürkoğlu, B. (2025). An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education, 38(3), 593-624. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.1595025
AMA
1.Tunalı Ö, Aktürkoğlu B. An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education. 2025;38(3):593-624. doi:10.19171/uefad.1595025
Chicago
Tunalı, Öznur, ve Banu Aktürkoğlu. 2025. “An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11”. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education 38 (3): 593-624. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.1595025.
EndNote
Tunalı Ö, Aktürkoğlu B (01 Aralık 2025) An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education 38 3 593–624.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Tunalı ve B. Aktürkoğlu, “An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11”, Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education, c. 38, sy 3, ss. 593–624, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.19171/uefad.1595025.
ISNAD
Tunalı, Öznur - Aktürkoğlu, Banu. “An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11”. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education 38/3 (01 Aralık 2025): 593-624. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.1595025.
JAMA
1.Tunalı Ö, Aktürkoğlu B. An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education. 2025;38:593–624.
MLA
Tunalı, Öznur, ve Banu Aktürkoğlu. “An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11”. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education, c. 38, sy 3, Aralık 2025, ss. 593-24, doi:10.19171/uefad.1595025.
Vancouver
1.Öznur Tunalı, Banu Aktürkoğlu. An Investigation into the Cognitive Developmental Stages and Scientific Reasoning Characteristics of Children Aged 7-11. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education. 01 Aralık 2025;38(3):593-624. doi:10.19171/uefad.1595025
